3. economy of multiple effect evaporatorShital Patil
A multiple-effect evaporator, as defined in chemical engineering, is an equipment for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water.
Steam is mostly used as heating medium in Multiple effect evaporator.
Multiple Effect Evaporation remains one of the popular method for the concentration of aqueous solutions.
3. economy of multiple effect evaporatorShital Patil
A multiple-effect evaporator, as defined in chemical engineering, is an equipment for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water.
Steam is mostly used as heating medium in Multiple effect evaporator.
Multiple Effect Evaporation remains one of the popular method for the concentration of aqueous solutions.
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-2) (Latent Heat, Vapour pressu...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
Latent Heat, Vapour pressure, Factor affecting vapour pressure, Surface area, Types of molecule, Temperature and Intermolecular forces, Sublimation Critical point
A multiple-effect evaporator, as defined in chemical engineering, is an equipment for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water.
Steam is mostly used as heating medium in Multiple effect evaporator.
Multiple Effect Evaporation remains one of the popular method for the concentration of aqueous solutions.
Definition of drying
Importance of drying
Difference between drying and evaporation
Drying is defined as removal of the liquid from a material by application of heat & is accomplished by transfer of a liquid from the surface into an unsaturated vapor phase .
Drying is the final removal of water from material (usually by heat)
Drying is commonly the last stage in a manufacture process
Non-thermal drying
1- As Squeezing wetted sponge
2- Adsorption by desiccant (desiccation)
3- Extraction.
Preservation of drug products
Preparation of bulk drugs
Improved handling
Improved characteristics
Equipments
Drying is necessary in order to avoid deterioration. A few examples are…
--blood products, tissues… undergo microbial growth
--effervescent tablets, synthetic & semi synthetic drugs undergo…. chemical decomposition.
Objectives
Applications and factors influencing evaporation
Differences between evaporation and other heat process
Principles, construction ,working, uses, merits and demerits of :
-Steam jacketed kettle
-Horizontal tube evaporator
-Climbing film evaporator
-Forced circulation evaporator
-Multiple effect evaporator
-Economy of multiple effect evaporator
Surface and Interfacial tension [Part-3(a)] (Measurement of Surface and Inter...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL TENSION
Capillary Rise Method, Drop Count and Weight Method.
Wilhelmy Plate Methods ,The DuNouy Ring Method.
Capillary Rise Method: Upward force due to surface tension: Drop count and Weight method Downward Force: Drop weight method: Drop count method
Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science o
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-2) (Latent Heat, Vapour pressu...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
Latent Heat, Vapour pressure, Factor affecting vapour pressure, Surface area, Types of molecule, Temperature and Intermolecular forces, Sublimation Critical point
A multiple-effect evaporator, as defined in chemical engineering, is an equipment for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water.
Steam is mostly used as heating medium in Multiple effect evaporator.
Multiple Effect Evaporation remains one of the popular method for the concentration of aqueous solutions.
Definition of drying
Importance of drying
Difference between drying and evaporation
Drying is defined as removal of the liquid from a material by application of heat & is accomplished by transfer of a liquid from the surface into an unsaturated vapor phase .
Drying is the final removal of water from material (usually by heat)
Drying is commonly the last stage in a manufacture process
Non-thermal drying
1- As Squeezing wetted sponge
2- Adsorption by desiccant (desiccation)
3- Extraction.
Preservation of drug products
Preparation of bulk drugs
Improved handling
Improved characteristics
Equipments
Drying is necessary in order to avoid deterioration. A few examples are…
--blood products, tissues… undergo microbial growth
--effervescent tablets, synthetic & semi synthetic drugs undergo…. chemical decomposition.
Objectives
Applications and factors influencing evaporation
Differences between evaporation and other heat process
Principles, construction ,working, uses, merits and demerits of :
-Steam jacketed kettle
-Horizontal tube evaporator
-Climbing film evaporator
-Forced circulation evaporator
-Multiple effect evaporator
-Economy of multiple effect evaporator
Surface and Interfacial tension [Part-3(a)] (Measurement of Surface and Inter...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL TENSION
Capillary Rise Method, Drop Count and Weight Method.
Wilhelmy Plate Methods ,The DuNouy Ring Method.
Capillary Rise Method: Upward force due to surface tension: Drop count and Weight method Downward Force: Drop weight method: Drop count method
Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporationv Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science of Evaporation Science o
Objectives, applications and factors on evaporationAkankshaPatel55
Evaporation is a specific type of heat exchange where a liquid changes its state into a gas. It's a crucial process in nature and has many significant applications.
Factors affecting evaporation rate:
Temperature: The warmer the liquid and surrounding air, the faster the molecules move and gain enough energy to escape, increasing evaporation rate.
Humidity: The amount of water vapor already present in the air (humidity) affects how readily new vapor can be absorbed. Higher humidity slows down evaporation.
Wind speed: Moving air removes evaporated molecules from the surface, preventing them from building up and slowing down further evaporation. Higher wind speeds increase evaporation rate.
Surface area: The larger the exposed surface area of the liquid, the more molecules have the chance to escape, leading to faster evaporation.
Liquid properties: Different liquids have different internal molecular forces and boiling points, impacting how easily they evaporate. For example, alcohol evaporates faster than water due to weaker molecular forces.
Consequences of evaporation:
Cooling: During evaporation, energy is used to break the bonds between water molecules, resulting in a cooling effect on the remaining liquid. This is why sweating feels cool on your skin.
Water cycle: Evaporation is the first step in the water cycle, where water continuously moves between Earth's surface and atmosphere. Water vapor rises, condenses into clouds, and eventually falls back to Earth as precipitation.
Salinity: As water evaporates from oceans and lakes, dissolved salts become more concentrated, impacting marine ecosystems.
Human activities: We use evaporation in various applications, like cooling towers in power plants, humidifiers, and drying processes.
in this ppt i descussed about evaporator.evaporation,Evaporation is the process by which an element or compound transitions from its liquid state to its gaseous state below the temperature at which it boils.
types of Evaporators
Open kettle or pan
Horizontal tube natural circulation evaporator
Vertical tube natural circulation evaporator
Long tube vertical evaporator
Falling film evaporator
Forced circulation evaporator
Open-pan solar evaporator
Evaporators: Types and Numerical SolutionsRavindra Kolhe
Dive into the world of evaporators with this comprehensive presentation. Explore the various types of evaporators, from simple to complex designs, and delve into numerical examples that illustrate their practical applications. Ideal for students, professionals, and anyone curious about thermal engineering.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
3. CLIMBING FILM EVAPORATOR
• RISING FILM EVAPORATOR
PRINCIPLE
• The preheated feed enters from the bottom
and flows up through the heated tubes
• The liquid gets heated rapidly due to overall
heat transfer coefficient
• The liquid near the wall become vapor and
forms small bubbles
4. • These bubbles fuse to form larger bubbles and
it entrap liquid slug and travel up in the tubes
• As more vapor formed this bubbles are blown
up from the top of tubes and strike the
deflector
• This throws the liquid concentrate downward
• Vapor escape through the vapor outlet
5. CONSTRUCTION
• The heating unit consists of steam jacketed tubes
• This long narrow tubes are held between two
plates
• An entrainment separator is placed at the top to
the vapor head
• Steam inlet
• Vent
• Condensate outlet
• Feed inlet- at the bottom of the steam
compartment
6. WORKING
• The preheated liquid feed introduced from the
bottom of the unit
• Steam introduced through the steam inlet in
to the space outside the tubes
• Heat is transferred to the liquor through the
walls of the tubes
• The liquid becomes vapor and forms smaller
bubbles
7. • This bubbles tend to fuse to larger bubbles
• The bubbles formed having the same
diameter as that of tubes
• So this bubbles trap a part of liquid on its way
up in the tubes
• As more vapor is formed the slug of liquid
blown up from the top of the tubes and it
spread as a liquid film over the walls
8. • This liquid film continues to vaporize rapidly
• Finally the mixture of liquid concentrate and
vapor eject at a high velocity from the top of
the tubes
• The entrainment separator act as a foam
breaker , it separate the entrained liquid slugs
from the vapor
• The vapor leaves from the top while
concentrate is collected from the bottom
9. USES
• Thermolabile substances –insulin, liver
extracts, vitamins
• Clear liquids, foaming liquids and corrosive
solutions in large quantities can operated
10. ADVANTAGES
• Long and narrow tubes provide large heating
area
• The time of contact between the liquor and
the heating surface is very short. Suitable for
thermolabile materials
• Suitable for foam forming liquids, because
foam can be broken by an entrainment
separator
• Small flour space
11. DISADVANTAGE
• EXPENSIVE
• Construction complicated
• Difficult to clean and maintain
• Not advaisable for very viscous liquids,salting
liquids and scaling liquids
