Fractional distillation.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•1,336 views
Fractional distillation uses differences in boiling points to separate mixtures of miscible liquids into their component parts. It works by heating a liquid mixture so its vapors rise up a fractionating column, where they condense on trays and run back down, with the most volatile vapors reaching the top. Only the vapors that remain gaseous to the top exit through a condenser to be collected as a distilled liquid. Fractional distillation is used to purify organic compounds and separate substances like acetone and water and is effective though it can be energy intensive and contribute to pollution.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Simple and fractional distillation
This document discusses different types of distillation processes including simple distillation and fractional distillation. Simple distillation involves a single vaporization and condensation cycle that produces an impure distillate. Fractional distillation uses a fractionating column containing packing materials between the distillation flask and head. This allows for multiple vaporization and condensation cycles, improving separation of components in the mixture. The document describes components of distillation columns like trays, packings, reboilers and condensers and how they facilitate fractional distillation.
Distillation
Distillation is a process that separates mixtures into their component parts based on differences in their boiling points. It involves vaporizing a liquid mixture and condensing the vapor to obtain purified fractions. There are several types of distillation processes that can be used for applications like purification of organic solvents, separation of drugs and petroleum products, and recovery of volatile oils and solvents. Some key distillation techniques described in the document include simple distillation, fractional distillation, distillation under reduced pressure, steam distillation, and molecular distillation.
Fractional Distillation
Presentation on fractional distillation. Introduction to distillation, fractional distillation, its principle, working, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION
This document provides information about azeotropic distillation prepared by Claire E. Canoy for their 2nd year Chemical Engineering Technology course. It defines azeotropic distillation as adding an entrainer component to a feed mixture to form a new azeotrope that can be separated into its components by distillation. The entrainer allows either the separation of a closely boiling pair or the separation of an azeotrope into its components. A diagram shows the process of mixing the feed and entrainer before distillation in two columns to separately remove the key components and recycle the entrainer.
Azeotrope
Azeotrope- is mixture of two or more liquids whose proportions cannot be separated by simple distillation. It is about phsycal chemistry I
Distribution law
This document discusses the distribution law, also known as the partition coefficient, which describes how a solute will distribute between two immiscible solvents at equilibrium. It provides the equation that the concentration of the solute in the first solvent (C1) divided by the concentration in the second solvent (C2) equals the distribution coefficient (KD). Several applications of the distribution law are described, including solvent extraction, partition chromatography, and determining solubility, dissociation, and association.
Pharmaceutical engineering: Distillation
This document discusses distillation, which is a process used to separate mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. It defines distillation and provides examples of its applications. It then classifies different types of distillation, including simple distillation, fractional distillation, vacuum distillation, and molecular distillation. For each type, it provides a brief overview of the principle, construction, working, and some applications. The document is presented by an assistant professor and provides detailed information on various distillation methods.
Azeotropic and steam distillation
The document discusses azeotropic and steam distillation. It defines azeotropes as mixtures that have the same composition in both the liquid and vapor phases, preventing separation through simple distillation. There are two types: minimum boiling and maximum boiling azeotropes. Methods to separate azeotropes include pressure swing distillation, azeotropic distillation using an entrainer, and steam distillation for heat-sensitive compounds. Azeotropic distillation works by forming a new low-boiling azeotrope with the entrainer, then separating the components in a decanter. Steam distillation uses water vapor to carry compounds over at lower temperatures than simple distillation
Recommended
Simple and fractional distillation
This document discusses different types of distillation processes including simple distillation and fractional distillation. Simple distillation involves a single vaporization and condensation cycle that produces an impure distillate. Fractional distillation uses a fractionating column containing packing materials between the distillation flask and head. This allows for multiple vaporization and condensation cycles, improving separation of components in the mixture. The document describes components of distillation columns like trays, packings, reboilers and condensers and how they facilitate fractional distillation.
Distillation
Distillation is a process that separates mixtures into their component parts based on differences in their boiling points. It involves vaporizing a liquid mixture and condensing the vapor to obtain purified fractions. There are several types of distillation processes that can be used for applications like purification of organic solvents, separation of drugs and petroleum products, and recovery of volatile oils and solvents. Some key distillation techniques described in the document include simple distillation, fractional distillation, distillation under reduced pressure, steam distillation, and molecular distillation.
Fractional Distillation
Presentation on fractional distillation. Introduction to distillation, fractional distillation, its principle, working, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION
This document provides information about azeotropic distillation prepared by Claire E. Canoy for their 2nd year Chemical Engineering Technology course. It defines azeotropic distillation as adding an entrainer component to a feed mixture to form a new azeotrope that can be separated into its components by distillation. The entrainer allows either the separation of a closely boiling pair or the separation of an azeotrope into its components. A diagram shows the process of mixing the feed and entrainer before distillation in two columns to separately remove the key components and recycle the entrainer.
Azeotrope
Azeotrope- is mixture of two or more liquids whose proportions cannot be separated by simple distillation. It is about phsycal chemistry I
Distribution law
This document discusses the distribution law, also known as the partition coefficient, which describes how a solute will distribute between two immiscible solvents at equilibrium. It provides the equation that the concentration of the solute in the first solvent (C1) divided by the concentration in the second solvent (C2) equals the distribution coefficient (KD). Several applications of the distribution law are described, including solvent extraction, partition chromatography, and determining solubility, dissociation, and association.
Pharmaceutical engineering: Distillation
This document discusses distillation, which is a process used to separate mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. It defines distillation and provides examples of its applications. It then classifies different types of distillation, including simple distillation, fractional distillation, vacuum distillation, and molecular distillation. For each type, it provides a brief overview of the principle, construction, working, and some applications. The document is presented by an assistant professor and provides detailed information on various distillation methods.
Azeotropic and steam distillation
The document discusses azeotropic and steam distillation. It defines azeotropes as mixtures that have the same composition in both the liquid and vapor phases, preventing separation through simple distillation. There are two types: minimum boiling and maximum boiling azeotropes. Methods to separate azeotropes include pressure swing distillation, azeotropic distillation using an entrainer, and steam distillation for heat-sensitive compounds. Azeotropic distillation works by forming a new low-boiling azeotrope with the entrainer, then separating the components in a decanter. Steam distillation uses water vapor to carry compounds over at lower temperatures than simple distillation
Steam distillation
Steam distillation is a distillation technique used to purify temperature-sensitive organic compounds. It involves boiling a mixture using steam instead of direct heat, allowing distillation at lower temperatures that avoid decomposition. The steam distillation process separates compounds based on differences in volatility between the components. The vapors produced are condensed, separating into an aqueous layer containing water and an organic layer containing the purified compound. Steam distillation is commonly used to extract essential oils from plants for perfumes and other applications.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Corrosion
theories, types of corrosion, prevention, ferrous and nonferrous metals, inorganic and organic metals
Roultes law
Raoult's law describes the behavior of ideal solutions. It states that the vapor pressure of a solution is proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution. The vapor pressure of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent due to the presence of nonvolatile solute particles. This lowering of vapor pressure leads to boiling point elevation and freezing point depression in solutions, as described by the colligative properties. The quantitative relationships for boiling point elevation and freezing point depression involve the molal concentration of the solute.
Distillation types
Azeotropic Distillation
Extractive distillation
Vacuum distillation
Steam distillation
Molecular Distillation
Distribution law
Distribution Law
What is Distribution law?
Immiscible liquids
Explanation
APPLICATION OF DISTRIBUTION LAW
Limitations of Distribution Law
Contrast and Comparison between separation through Separating funnel and Fractional Distillation
Evaporation - Pharmaceutical Engineering 1st
Evaporation is the process of removing a solvent from a solution by heating the liquid in a vessel and collecting the vapor, leaving behind a concentrated product. Key factors that affect the evaporation rate include temperature, vapor pressure, surface area, and moisture content of the feed material. Common equipment used for evaporation include steam jacketed kettles, horizontal tube evaporators, and climbing film evaporators.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Crystallization
Objectives, applications, theory, solubility curves, agitated batch crystallizer, walker crystallizer, krystal crystallizer, vaccum crystallizer, caking, factors affecting caking and prevention
Evaporation by ankita yagnik
The document discusses various evaporation techniques used to concentrate solutions by removing water or other volatile solvents, including horizontal tube evaporators, vertical tube evaporators, climbing film evaporators, falling film evaporators, and forced circulation evaporators. It describes the basic principles, components, working, advantages, and applications of each evaporator type. The key purpose of evaporation is to concentrate aqueous solutions by removing water.
Mixing
Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing,
Difference between solid and liquid mixing,
mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing and semisolids mixing.
Principles, Construction, Working, uses, Merits and Demerits of-
Propellers, Turbines, Paddles
Double cone blender & Twin shell blender
Ribbon blender
Sigma blade mixer
Planetary Mixers
Silverson Emulsifier
Diffusion principles in biological systems
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to lower concentration due to random molecular motion. It plays an important role in pharmaceutical sciences, including drug release from dosage forms and permeation of drugs through tissues. There are different types of diffusion such as passive diffusion down a concentration gradient, and active transport against a gradient. Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion as proportional to the concentration gradient. Diffusion is measured using devices like the Franz diffusion cell, where a membrane separates drug and receptor compartments to assess permeation over time. Diffusion-controlled drug release systems rely on drug diffusing out of insoluble matrices or reservoirs over time.
Distillation by ankita yagnik
Distillation is a process that separates components of a liquid mixture based on differences in their volatilities in heating and cooling processes. It involves selectively boiling the more volatile components by heating the mixture and then condensing the vapor.
There are several types of distillation including simple distillation, fractional distillation, steam distillation and vacuum distillation. Simple distillation is used to separate components with large differences in volatility, while fractional distillation allows separation of mixtures with components of similar volatility by conducting multiple distillation steps. Distillation finds applications in purification of solvents, separation of essential oils, and production of alcoholic beverages and petroleum products among others. Key aspects of distillation systems include the still, condenser and
Mechanism of Distillation,simple distillation steam &fractional distillation...
Distillation is a technique used to separate liquids based on their boiling points. It involves heating a liquid mixture so that the more volatile components vaporize and pass into a condenser where they condense. Simple distillation can separate two liquids with a boiling point difference of at least 70°C, while fractional distillation uses a column with multiple plates to separate very similar boiling points. Vacuum distillation uses reduced pressure to lower the boiling point of components. Steam distillation is used for heat-sensitive materials and allows distillation at lower temperatures.
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-3) (Eutectic mixture)
This document discusses eutectic mixtures, which are mixtures of two or more phases that have the lowest melting point. A eutectic mixture is formed at a specific composition where the phases simultaneously crystallize from a molten solution. The term comes from the Greek word meaning "easily melted". Eutectic mixtures can be formed between APIs, APIs and excipients, or excipients. Below the eutectic temperature, the mixture exists as a solid, while above it exists as a liquid. Eutectic mixtures have various applications in the pharmaceutical industry, such as improving drug solubility and bioavailability for different routes of administration like oral, transdermal, parental, and nasal delivery.
Azeotropic and Extractive Distillation
Presentation on Azeotropic and Extractive Distillation. Introduction about distillation, azeotropic and extractive distillation and the difference between them.
FLUID ENERGY MILL.pptx
The document discusses three main modes of size reduction: cutting, compression, and impact. Cutting involves using sharp blades to cut fibrous and waxy materials, like in a cutter mill. Compression crushes soft materials between rollers through applied pressure, as in a roller mill. Impact involves high-speed hammers or bars splitting materials apart on impact, making it suitable for all drugs. Examples of impact mills are fluid energy mills and ball mills. Attrition breaks down brittle drugs through rubbing action between surfaces, as also seen in fluid energy and ball mills.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Evaporation
objectives, factors influencing evaporation, the difference between evaporation and heat process, steam jacketed kettle, horizontal tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, multiple-effect evaporator,
Drying- Pharmaceutical Engineering
Definition of drying
Importance of drying
Difference between drying and evaporation
Drying is defined as removal of the liquid from a material by application of heat & is accomplished by transfer of a liquid from the surface into an unsaturated vapor phase .
Drying is the final removal of water from material (usually by heat)
Drying is commonly the last stage in a manufacture process
Non-thermal drying
1- As Squeezing wetted sponge
2- Adsorption by desiccant (desiccation)
3- Extraction.
Preservation of drug products
Preparation of bulk drugs
Improved handling
Improved characteristics
Equipments
Drying is necessary in order to avoid deterioration. A few examples are…
--blood products, tissues… undergo microbial growth
--effervescent tablets, synthetic & semi synthetic drugs undergo…. chemical decomposition.
Drying
Drying is defined as the removal of water or other liquids from a material through the application of heat. It involves three steps: heat transfer to the material, mass transfer of moisture to the surface and evaporation, and transfer of vapor away from the material. There are several theories that describe the drying mechanism, including diffusion, capillarity, and pressure gradient theories. The drying rate curve shows an initial adjustment period, constant rate period, falling rate periods, and an equilibrium moisture content where drying stops. Factors like material properties, air conditions, and particle size influence the drying process and rate.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Flow of fluids
types of manometers, Reynolds number, Bernoulli's theorem, energy losses, orifice meter, venturimeter, pitot tube, rotometer
Caking of crystals
Caking occurs when crystals improperly absorb moisture during storage, causing them to clump together. The document outlines factors that influence caking such as crystal size, shape, humidity exposure, and impurities. It recommends preventing caking by using spherical crystals of a larger, uniform size which have a high critical humidity and are coated with an inert material to avoid absorbing moisture during storage and transportation.
purification-of-organic-compounds.ppt class 11 science chemistry
The document describes several techniques used to purify organic compounds, including filtration, centrifugation, crystallization, solvent extraction, distillation, fractional distillation, sublimation, and chromatography. Filtration separates insoluble solids from liquids, centrifugation uses high speeds to separate solids from liquids, and crystallization forms purified compounds from solutions. Solvent extraction, distillation, and fractional distillation separate mixtures based on differences in solubility or boiling points. Sublimation changes solids directly to vapor without passing through liquid form. Chromatography separates mixtures based on how components partition between a mobile and stationary phase.
DISTILLATION
Application, basic terminology, difference between distillation and evaporation, classification of distillation method, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of simple distillation, Flash distillation, Fractional distillation.
More Related Content
What's hot
Steam distillation
Steam distillation is a distillation technique used to purify temperature-sensitive organic compounds. It involves boiling a mixture using steam instead of direct heat, allowing distillation at lower temperatures that avoid decomposition. The steam distillation process separates compounds based on differences in volatility between the components. The vapors produced are condensed, separating into an aqueous layer containing water and an organic layer containing the purified compound. Steam distillation is commonly used to extract essential oils from plants for perfumes and other applications.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Corrosion
theories, types of corrosion, prevention, ferrous and nonferrous metals, inorganic and organic metals
Roultes law
Raoult's law describes the behavior of ideal solutions. It states that the vapor pressure of a solution is proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution. The vapor pressure of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent due to the presence of nonvolatile solute particles. This lowering of vapor pressure leads to boiling point elevation and freezing point depression in solutions, as described by the colligative properties. The quantitative relationships for boiling point elevation and freezing point depression involve the molal concentration of the solute.
Distillation types
Azeotropic Distillation
Extractive distillation
Vacuum distillation
Steam distillation
Molecular Distillation
Distribution law
Distribution Law
What is Distribution law?
Immiscible liquids
Explanation
APPLICATION OF DISTRIBUTION LAW
Limitations of Distribution Law
Contrast and Comparison between separation through Separating funnel and Fractional Distillation
Evaporation - Pharmaceutical Engineering 1st
Evaporation is the process of removing a solvent from a solution by heating the liquid in a vessel and collecting the vapor, leaving behind a concentrated product. Key factors that affect the evaporation rate include temperature, vapor pressure, surface area, and moisture content of the feed material. Common equipment used for evaporation include steam jacketed kettles, horizontal tube evaporators, and climbing film evaporators.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Crystallization
Objectives, applications, theory, solubility curves, agitated batch crystallizer, walker crystallizer, krystal crystallizer, vaccum crystallizer, caking, factors affecting caking and prevention
Evaporation by ankita yagnik
The document discusses various evaporation techniques used to concentrate solutions by removing water or other volatile solvents, including horizontal tube evaporators, vertical tube evaporators, climbing film evaporators, falling film evaporators, and forced circulation evaporators. It describes the basic principles, components, working, advantages, and applications of each evaporator type. The key purpose of evaporation is to concentrate aqueous solutions by removing water.
Mixing
Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing,
Difference between solid and liquid mixing,
mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing and semisolids mixing.
Principles, Construction, Working, uses, Merits and Demerits of-
Propellers, Turbines, Paddles
Double cone blender & Twin shell blender
Ribbon blender
Sigma blade mixer
Planetary Mixers
Silverson Emulsifier
Diffusion principles in biological systems
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to lower concentration due to random molecular motion. It plays an important role in pharmaceutical sciences, including drug release from dosage forms and permeation of drugs through tissues. There are different types of diffusion such as passive diffusion down a concentration gradient, and active transport against a gradient. Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion as proportional to the concentration gradient. Diffusion is measured using devices like the Franz diffusion cell, where a membrane separates drug and receptor compartments to assess permeation over time. Diffusion-controlled drug release systems rely on drug diffusing out of insoluble matrices or reservoirs over time.
Distillation by ankita yagnik
Distillation is a process that separates components of a liquid mixture based on differences in their volatilities in heating and cooling processes. It involves selectively boiling the more volatile components by heating the mixture and then condensing the vapor.
There are several types of distillation including simple distillation, fractional distillation, steam distillation and vacuum distillation. Simple distillation is used to separate components with large differences in volatility, while fractional distillation allows separation of mixtures with components of similar volatility by conducting multiple distillation steps. Distillation finds applications in purification of solvents, separation of essential oils, and production of alcoholic beverages and petroleum products among others. Key aspects of distillation systems include the still, condenser and
Mechanism of Distillation,simple distillation steam &fractional distillation...
Distillation is a technique used to separate liquids based on their boiling points. It involves heating a liquid mixture so that the more volatile components vaporize and pass into a condenser where they condense. Simple distillation can separate two liquids with a boiling point difference of at least 70°C, while fractional distillation uses a column with multiple plates to separate very similar boiling points. Vacuum distillation uses reduced pressure to lower the boiling point of components. Steam distillation is used for heat-sensitive materials and allows distillation at lower temperatures.
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-3) (Eutectic mixture)
This document discusses eutectic mixtures, which are mixtures of two or more phases that have the lowest melting point. A eutectic mixture is formed at a specific composition where the phases simultaneously crystallize from a molten solution. The term comes from the Greek word meaning "easily melted". Eutectic mixtures can be formed between APIs, APIs and excipients, or excipients. Below the eutectic temperature, the mixture exists as a solid, while above it exists as a liquid. Eutectic mixtures have various applications in the pharmaceutical industry, such as improving drug solubility and bioavailability for different routes of administration like oral, transdermal, parental, and nasal delivery.
Azeotropic and Extractive Distillation
Presentation on Azeotropic and Extractive Distillation. Introduction about distillation, azeotropic and extractive distillation and the difference between them.
FLUID ENERGY MILL.pptx
The document discusses three main modes of size reduction: cutting, compression, and impact. Cutting involves using sharp blades to cut fibrous and waxy materials, like in a cutter mill. Compression crushes soft materials between rollers through applied pressure, as in a roller mill. Impact involves high-speed hammers or bars splitting materials apart on impact, making it suitable for all drugs. Examples of impact mills are fluid energy mills and ball mills. Attrition breaks down brittle drugs through rubbing action between surfaces, as also seen in fluid energy and ball mills.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Evaporation
objectives, factors influencing evaporation, the difference between evaporation and heat process, steam jacketed kettle, horizontal tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, multiple-effect evaporator,
Drying- Pharmaceutical Engineering
Definition of drying
Importance of drying
Difference between drying and evaporation
Drying is defined as removal of the liquid from a material by application of heat & is accomplished by transfer of a liquid from the surface into an unsaturated vapor phase .
Drying is the final removal of water from material (usually by heat)
Drying is commonly the last stage in a manufacture process
Non-thermal drying
1- As Squeezing wetted sponge
2- Adsorption by desiccant (desiccation)
3- Extraction.
Preservation of drug products
Preparation of bulk drugs
Improved handling
Improved characteristics
Equipments
Drying is necessary in order to avoid deterioration. A few examples are…
--blood products, tissues… undergo microbial growth
--effervescent tablets, synthetic & semi synthetic drugs undergo…. chemical decomposition.
Drying
Drying is defined as the removal of water or other liquids from a material through the application of heat. It involves three steps: heat transfer to the material, mass transfer of moisture to the surface and evaporation, and transfer of vapor away from the material. There are several theories that describe the drying mechanism, including diffusion, capillarity, and pressure gradient theories. The drying rate curve shows an initial adjustment period, constant rate period, falling rate periods, and an equilibrium moisture content where drying stops. Factors like material properties, air conditions, and particle size influence the drying process and rate.
Pharmaceutical Engineering: Flow of fluids
types of manometers, Reynolds number, Bernoulli's theorem, energy losses, orifice meter, venturimeter, pitot tube, rotometer
Caking of crystals
Caking occurs when crystals improperly absorb moisture during storage, causing them to clump together. The document outlines factors that influence caking such as crystal size, shape, humidity exposure, and impurities. It recommends preventing caking by using spherical crystals of a larger, uniform size which have a high critical humidity and are coated with an inert material to avoid absorbing moisture during storage and transportation.
What's hot (20)
Mechanism of Distillation,simple distillation steam &fractional distillation...
Mechanism of Distillation,simple distillation steam &fractional distillation...
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-3) (Eutectic mixture)
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-3) (Eutectic mixture)
Similar to Fractional distillation.pptx
purification-of-organic-compounds.ppt class 11 science chemistry
The document describes several techniques used to purify organic compounds, including filtration, centrifugation, crystallization, solvent extraction, distillation, fractional distillation, sublimation, and chromatography. Filtration separates insoluble solids from liquids, centrifugation uses high speeds to separate solids from liquids, and crystallization forms purified compounds from solutions. Solvent extraction, distillation, and fractional distillation separate mixtures based on differences in solubility or boiling points. Sublimation changes solids directly to vapor without passing through liquid form. Chromatography separates mixtures based on how components partition between a mobile and stationary phase.
DISTILLATION
Application, basic terminology, difference between distillation and evaporation, classification of distillation method, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of simple distillation, Flash distillation, Fractional distillation.
Extraction.pptx
This document discusses various extraction methods for extracting medicinally active compounds from plant materials. It begins with an introduction on the importance of understanding a plant's phytochemicals when selecting an extraction method and solvent. Key methods discussed include maceration, infusion, Soxhlet extraction, hydrodistillation, and microwave-assisted extraction. Each method has advantages and suitabilities depending on the material and desired compound. Selecting the appropriate extraction technique is important to efficiently separate and obtain compounds of interest without degradation.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF DISTILATION COLUMN.pptx
This document discusses different types of distillation processes used to separate liquid mixtures based on volatility. It focuses on the design and components of distillation columns. Distillation processes separate mixtures through evaporation and condensation, and include simple, fractional, vacuum, and steam distillation. A distillation column consists of a vertical shell containing internal trays or packings to facilitate separation, and components like a condenser, reboiler, and reflux drum. The condenser converts vapors into liquid, the reboiler generates vapors from the column bottom, and the reflux drum holds condensed vapors to recirculate liquid back up the column.
Distillation
- Distillation is a process that separates mixtures based on differences in boiling points. It involves heating a liquid mixture to form vapors, condensing the vapors back to liquid, and collecting the purified liquid fractions.
- There are several types of distillation including simple, steam, fractional, and vacuum distillation which vary based on conditions and mixtures separated.
- A laboratory experiment demonstrates simple distillation to separate ethanol and water using common distillation equipment like a round bottom flask, condenser, and receiver flask. The mixture is heated to form vapors that condense and drip into the collection flask.
Design of Distillation Column.pptx
Gaurvansh Sharma presented on the design of distillation columns. He discussed the different types of distillation including simple, steam, vacuum, and fractional distillation. He explained the components and internals of distillation columns, including trays, packings, condensers, reflux drums, and reboilers. Reboilers are heat exchangers that boil the liquid from the bottom of the column to generate vapors to drive the distillation separation. Sharma discussed factors that affect column performance and thanked the audience.
Flash distallation by khalid
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities through boiling and condensation. Key points:
- It involves heating a mixture to vaporize more volatile components, cooling to condense the vapor into separate products.
- Common uses include separating crude oil, purifying water and air, producing alcoholic beverages.
- Types include simple, fractional, flash, and vacuum distillation. Flash distillation partially vaporizes a liquid through pressure reduction.
- Distillation columns contain internals like trays or packings to facilitate vapor-liquid contact during separation. Fractional distillation uses multiple equilibrium stages for high purity products.
Separation techniques - introduction
Separation techniques are those techniques that can be used to separate two different states of matter such as liquids and solids.
Separation is an important asset to purify component of interest from a mixture.
separationtechniques-introduction-190810143855.pdf
Separation techniques are used to separate mixtures into individual components. Some common separation techniques include distillation, crystallization, chromatography, filtration, centrifugation, and magnetic separation. Distillation uses boiling point differences to separate liquid mixtures through heating and condensation. Crystallization separates dissolved solids from liquids by controlling temperature during solvent evaporation. Chromatography separates mixtures based on how components interact with stationary and mobile phases.
Evaporation
Evaporation is a phase change process. Evaporation cause cooling. This slides will explain you all types of Evaporators. All types of Evaporators will explain in this slide.Difference from Drying, Distillation, Crystallization. Three principal elements are of concern in evaporator design:
heat transfer, vapor-liquid separation, and efficient energy consumption. Critical operational and product characteristics of the solution to be evaporated have a major effect on the selection of the evaporator type most suited for the application.
Heat sensitivity
Fouling.
Distillation, History, Principle Its Types and USES
Distillation is a technique used to separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points. It works by heating the mixture to vaporize components, which are then cooled and condensed separately. There are several types of distillation including simple, fractional, steam, and vacuum distillation. Simple distillation is used when components have significantly different boiling points, while fractional distillation uses a column to separate closer-boiling components. Steam distillation isolates heat-sensitive materials, and vacuum distillation allows distilling higher-boiling mixtures. Distillation has many commercial uses such as producing fuels, solvents, and separating air into its components.
Evaporation process
An evaporator is a device that uses heat to vaporize a liquid into a gas. There are several types of evaporators used today including shell and tube, plate, falling film, and forced circulation evaporators. The objective of evaporation is to concentrate a solution by vaporizing a portion of the solvent. Evaporation differs from other processes like drying, distillation, and crystallization. Evaporators are used in various industrial processes and can help treat wastewater, brine, sludge, and other waste streams. Potential hazards and proper material selection must be considered to safely operate evaporators at an industrial scale.
Distillation main
This document discusses various distillation techniques used in pharmaceutical applications. It defines distillation as the separation of components in a liquid mixture through vaporization and condensation. The main types discussed are simple distillation, fractional distillation, steam distillation, and vacuum distillation. Simple distillation involves heating a liquid to its boiling point to produce vapor which is then condensed. Fractional distillation uses a fractionating column to separate close-boiling mixtures. Steam distillation uses steam to distill thermally sensitive compounds. Vacuum distillation reduces pressure to lower the boiling point of compounds. Purified water and water for injection are prepared through distillation to remove impurities, microorganisms, and pyrogens.
Basic Principles and methodology of distillation
What is distillation?
Distillation is a physical separation process that utilizes the differences in boiling points of various components within a liquid mixture. It involves selectively boiling and condensing these components to achieve greater purity or isolate specific desired fractions. Imagine separating salt from saltwater: distillation boils the water away, leaving behind concentrated salt.
How does it work?
Heating: The mixture is heated in a container called a still. As the temperature rises, components with lower boiling points start to vaporize first.
Vaporization: These vapors rise and travel through a condenser, a cooled tube or chamber.
Condensation: When the vapors encounter the cool surfaces, they lose heat and condense back into a liquid form.
Collection: This collected liquid, called the distillate, is usually richer in the more volatile component(s).
Fractional distillation: This technique involves multiple condensers at different temperatures, collecting separate fractions based on their boiling points. For example, distilling crude oil separates gasoline, kerosene, and other fractions.
Applications of distillation:
Purification: Distillation is widely used to purify water, removing impurities and producing drinkable water. It also purifies alcohol, removing water and other impurities to get higher-proof spirits.
Separation: Distillation is essential in separating various chemicals and compounds, like essential oils from plants, fragrances from flowers, and specific chemicals from crude oil.
Desalination: Distillation can be used for desalination, converting saltwater into freshwater, although other methods are more common now.
Types of distillation:
Simple distillation: Used for mixtures with significant boiling point differences. The distillate is less pure than other methods.
Fractional distillation: Used for complex mixtures with closer boiling points, collecting different fractions based on their volatility.
Vacuum distillation: Used for heat-sensitive materials that decompose at normal boiling points. It lowers the boiling point by reducing pressure.
Distillation1
This document discusses various types of distillation processes including simple distillation, fractional distillation, steam distillation, vacuum distillation, and vacuum still distillation. It provides definitions and explanations of the principles, apparatuses, and working processes for each type. Applications are also described for separating and purifying various substances using these distillation techniques.
Distillation and Evaporation
This document provides information on distillation and evaporation processes. It discusses different types of distillation such as azeotropic distillation, steam distillation, and fractional distillation. It also describes various evaporator designs including horizontal tube evaporators, vertical tube evaporators, and climbing film evaporators. Factors affecting evaporation rates are also mentioned. The document contains diagrams to illustrate distillation equipment and evaporator components.
Evaporators
The document discusses different types of evaporators used to concentrate aqueous solutions. It describes evaporation as removing solvent like water from a solution or slurry through boiling in a vessel called an evaporator. Natural circulation evaporators use convection currents for circulation, and can have horizontal tubes with steam inside or vertical tubes with steam outside. Forced circulation evaporators improve on natural circulation units with better agitation and heat transfer. Film evaporators separate concentrated solution from vapor through a thin liquid film over the heating surface.
Evaporators
The document discusses evaporation as a unit operation used to concentrate solutions by removing water or other volatile solvent. It describes different types of evaporators used for this purpose, including batch pans, rising film evaporators, falling film evaporators, and multiple effect evaporators. The key components and working principles of evaporators are explained. Specific examples of evaporation applications are also provided.
Distillation
This PowerPoint presentation discusses various types of distillation processes including simple distillation, fractional distillation, flash distillation, azeotropic distillation, and steam distillation. It explains the basic principles and components of distillation, differences between continuous and batch distillation, factors that influence column efficiency, and challenges with separating azeotropic mixtures. Key concepts covered include Raoult's law, distillation curves, reflux ratios, and minimum and maximum boiling azeotropes.
Similar to Fractional distillation.pptx (20)
purification-of-organic-compounds.ppt class 11 science chemistry
purification-of-organic-compounds.ppt class 11 science chemistry
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF DISTILATION COLUMN.pptx
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF DISTILATION COLUMN.pptx
separationtechniques-introduction-190810143855.pdf
separationtechniques-introduction-190810143855.pdf
Distillation, History, Principle Its Types and USES
Distillation, History, Principle Its Types and USES
Recently uploaded
体育博彩论坛-十大体育博彩论坛-体育博彩论坛|【网址🎉ac55.net🎉】
在体育博彩论坛，你会发现数之不尽的在线博彩机会，包括世界各地的精彩体育赛事以及绝佳的赔率。此外，体育博彩论坛还会为你提供诸如赌场、宾果和扑克等在线游戏以及各种各样的奖金优惠，包括体育博彩论坛的免费投注。无论你是忠实的足球迷，或者是二十一点的专业玩家，在这里都可以找到你最感兴趣的投注市场或游戏。
一比一原版(surrey毕业证书)英国萨里大学毕业证成绩单修改如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《(surrey毕业证书)英国萨里大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
一比一原版(uwm毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uwm毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uwm毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uwm毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uwm毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uwm毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版美国西北大学毕业证(NWU毕业证书)学历如何办理
原版办理【微信号:BYZS866】【美国西北大学毕业证(NWU毕业证书)】【微信号:BYZS866】《成绩单、外壳、雅思、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号BYZS866】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号BYZS866】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
一比一原版坎特伯雷大学毕业证(UC毕业证书)学历如何办理
制做办理【微信号:176555708】【制做办理(UC毕业证书)】【微信号:176555708】《成绩单、外壳、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(ArtEZ文凭证书)ArtEZ艺术学院毕业证快速办理
官方原版办理【(ArtEZ毕业证书)ArtEZ艺术学院毕业证】【176555708微信号】海外认证成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
欧洲杯投注-欧洲杯投注投注官方网站-欧洲杯投注买球投注官网|【网址🎉ac99.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac99.net🎉】在欧洲杯投注，你会发现数之不尽的在线博彩机会，包括世界各地的精彩体育赛事以及绝佳的赔率。此外，欧洲杯投注还会为你提供诸如赌场、宾果和扑克等在线游戏以及各种各样的奖金优惠，包括欧洲杯投注的免费投注。无论你是忠实的足球迷，或者是二十一点的专业玩家，在这里都可以找到你最感兴趣的投注市场或游戏。
在线办理(UOIT毕业证书)安大略省理工大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(UOIT毕业证书)安大略省理工大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
A Guide to a Winning Interview June 2024
This webinar is an in-depth review of the interview process. Preparation is a key element to acing an interview. Learn the best approaches from the initial phone screen to the face-to-face meeting with the hiring manager. You will hear great answers to several standard questions, including the dreaded “Tell Me About Yourself”.
欧洲杯外围-欧洲杯外围赛程-欧洲杯外围压注|【网址🎉ac99.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac99.net🎉】欧洲杯外围是爱尔兰的博彩公司，成立于1988年，位于爱尔兰的都柏林。欧洲杯外围通过在爱尔兰和英国的一系列持牌博彩商店以及经营爱尔兰最大的电话博彩服务来开展业务。在互联网上，欧洲杯外围提供体育博彩，在线扑克，在线宾果游戏，在线赌场和在线游戏。
欧洲杯足彩-欧洲杯足彩体育投注-欧洲杯足彩投注网站|【网址🎉ac99.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac99.net🎉】欧洲杯足彩是世界上历史最悠久的博彩公司之一。其历史可以追溯到十九世纪末，确切时间是1886年。这家英国公司拥有超过15000名员工，是博彩行业规模最大的公司。欧洲杯足彩是英国最受欢迎的实体博彩公司之一，其排名仅次于欧洲杯足彩，旗下2800家投注站遍布全英国。
Khushi Saini, An Intern from The Sparks Foundation
This is my first task as an Talent Acquisition(Human resources) Intern in The Sparks Foundation on Recruitment, article and posts.
I invitr everyone to look into my work and provide me a quick feedback.
美洲杯投注-美洲杯投注比分-美洲杯投注比分投注|【网址🎉ac44.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac44.net🎉】美洲杯投注是世界上最大的网上博彩公司之一，于直布罗陀注册，在200个国家拥有超过3500万客户。在国际上都可以称得上是极其优秀的博彩公司。总部位于英国Stoke-on-Trent，美洲杯投注在世界各地的雇员超过600名。该公司登录亚洲市场多年，近年针对亚洲的市场拓展的很快。它的特点是投注赔率富于变化，同时对于冷门赛事，赔率变化幅度会大于其它博彩公司。美洲杯投注在终赔阶段往往向立博、韦德等靠拢，一旦差异很大，往往会出现问题。
Connect to Grow: The power of building networks
In the intricate tapestry of life, connections serve as the vibrant threads that weave together opportunities, experiences, and growth. Whether in personal or professional spheres, the ability to forge meaningful connections opens doors to a multitude of possibilities, propelling individuals toward success and fulfillment.
Eirini is an HR professional with strong passion for technology and semiconductors industry in particular. She started her career as a software recruiter in 2012, and developed an interest for business development, talent enablement and innovation which later got her setting up the concept of Software Community Management in ASML, and to Developer Relations today. She holds a bachelor degree in Lifelong Learning and an MBA specialised in Strategic Human Resources Management. She is a world citizen, having grown up in Greece, she studied and kickstarted her career in The Netherlands and can currently be found in Santa Clara, CA.
Gabrielle M. A. Sinaga Portfolio, Film Student (2024)
My portfolio as a highly motivated film student pursuing a career in Yogyakarta.
一比一原版布拉德福德大学毕业证（bradford毕业证）如何办理
一模一样【微信：A575476】【布拉德福德大学毕业证（bradford毕业证）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
LinkedIn for Your Job Search June 17, 2024
This webinar helps you understand and navigate your way through LinkedIn. Topics covered include learning the many elements of your profile, populating your work experience history, and understanding why a profile is more than just a resume. You will be able to identify the different features available on LinkedIn and where to focus your attention. We will teach how to create a job search agent on LinkedIn and explore job applications on LinkedIn.
欧洲杯买球-欧洲杯买球买球推荐-欧洲杯买球买球推荐网站|【网址🎉ac10.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac10.net🎉】欧洲杯买球是一家极具特色的欧洲主流博彩公司，对于自己所擅长的赛事往往把赔率值压得很低，掩饰平局是他们一贯的手法。例如，当伟德旗帜鲜明地支持客胜，降低客胜值，提升主胜值，而平局赔率却与欧洲杯买球、欧洲杯买球的态度较吻合时，这场比赛往往以平局收场。
Learnings from Successful Jobs Searchers
Are you interested to know what actions help in a job search? This webinar is the summary of several individuals who discussed their job search journey for others to follow. You will learn there are common actions that helped them succeed in their quest for gainful employment.
Recently uploaded (20)
Khushi Saini, An Intern from The Sparks Foundation
Khushi Saini, An Intern from The Sparks Foundation
Gabrielle M. A. Sinaga Portfolio, Film Student (2024)
Gabrielle M. A. Sinaga Portfolio, Film Student (2024)
Fractional distillation.pptx
- 2. Introduction • Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture of miscible liquids into its component parts, or fractions based on differences on their boiling point. The process consists of heating the mixture at temperature at which the components will evaporate, and the mixture pass through a condenser where they are cooled and condensed to a liquid again.
- 3. • A fractionating column is an essential item used in the fractional distillation of liquid mixtures so as to separate the mixture into its component parts, based on the differences in their volatilities.
- 4. Mechanism • As a liquid mixture in the round bottom flask is boiled, vapor rises up the fractionating column. The vapors condense on the glass platforms (known as trays or plates) inside the fractionating column, and runs back down into the distillation flask. The hottest tray is at the bottom of the column and the coolest tray is at the top. At steady state conditions, the vapor and liquid on each tray is at equilibrium. Only the most volatile of the vapors stays in gas form all the way to the top. The vapors at the top of the column then flow through the water-cooled condenser, which cools the vapor down until it condenses into a liquid distillate.
- 6. Applications • Fractional Distillation is used for: • Separation of miscible liquids such as acetone and water , chloroform and benzene. • Preparation of alcohol which is one of the most important pharmaceutical substance. • Separation of non-volatile substance from volatile substance. • Purification of many organic compounds such as ethers, amide, etc.
- 7. Advantage of Fractional Distillation • It’s easy to use. • It’s highly effective and efficient. • It helps produce much-needed fuel • Separates liquids with smaller boiling point separation.
- 8. Disadvantages of Fractional Distillation • It can be expensive. • Consumes more energy • It can contribute to environmental pollution. • It takes longer time for liquid to distill.