Fet small signal model
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The document discusses the small signal model of a field effect transistor (FET). It describes how the FET can be modeled as a voltage-controlled current source with transconductance gm in the linear region of its transfer characteristics. The model includes a drain resistance rd and shows the FET's current id is equal to gmvgs + vds/rd. It also defines other key parameters like the amplification factor μ and how capacitances like Cgs impact the model at high frequencies.
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- Explaining input common mode range and how it is limited by transistors entering non-saturation.
FET Biasing
This document discusses FET biasing circuits. It explains that FETs are voltage controlled devices and describes Shockley's equation and the relationships between input and output quantities for different FET types. It then discusses three biasing circuits - fixed bias, self bias, and voltage divider bias. For each circuit, it shows the calculations to determine the quiescent gate-source voltage VGSQ, drain current IDQ, and drain-source voltage VDSQ. It also includes an example problem demonstrating how to calculate these values for a given circuit and plot the load line.
advanced_VLSIRajaram CMOS Characteristics.ppt
The document summarizes the DC analysis of a CMOS inverter. It describes how the output voltage (Vout) varies with the input voltage (Vin) to give the voltage transfer characteristic (VTC). The VTC shows different regions of transistor operation and thresholds for logic 0 and 1 levels. The switching threshold is at half the supply voltage if the nMOS and pMOS have equal sizes and threshold voltages. Noise margins are maximized when the transistors are matched.
4-CMOS-Delay.pptx
This document defines various delay metrics for CMOS gates including propagation delay, rise time, fall time, and contamination delay. It also discusses how to calculate the equivalent resistance and effective width of PMOS and NMOS transistors to determine the average propagation delay of a CMOS gate. Two examples are then provided to demonstrate calculating the maximum frequency of operation for different CMOS gates given technological parameters.
Mosfet irfz44 n 1 philips semiconductors
This document provides product specifications for the IRFZ44N N-channel enhancement mode trench transistor from Philips Semiconductors. The transistor features very low on-state resistance of 22 mOhms and is intended for use in switched mode power supplies and general purpose switching applications. Key specifications include a maximum drain-source voltage of 55V, drain current of 49A, and junction temperature range of -55°C to 175°C. The document provides detailed electrical characteristics, thermal properties, and mechanical dimensions of the device.
Similar to Fet small signal model (20)
Original MOSFET N-CHANNEL FQPF13N50C FQPF13N50 13N50 TO-220 13A 500V New
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Distributed rc Model
This document discusses and compares lumped RC and distributed RC models. It describes:
1) Lumped RC models treat a wire as a single resistor and capacitor in series, which is inaccurate for long wires. Distributed RC models account for resistance and capacitance per unit length.
2) Distributed RC lines can be modeled by RC trees or RC ladders, where Elmore delay formulas are derived.
3) Delay and time constant in a distributed RC line increase quadratically with wire length, whereas lumped RC models overestimate this relationship.
4) The behavior of a distributed RC line is described by a diffusion equation relating voltage, distance, resistance, and capacitance over time.
Electrical Wire Model
This document discusses different electrical wire models used to analyze circuit behavior. It begins by introducing lumped models that simplify distributed parasitic elements into single circuit components. A common lumped model is the RC model, which approximates a wire's distributed resistance and capacitance. For long wires, a distributed RC model more accurately captures the wire's continuous resistance and capacitance per unit length. The document concludes by comparing lumped and distributed RC wire models.
Interconnect Parameter in Digital VLSI Design
This document discusses key interconnect parameters for VLSI design including capacitance, resistance, and inductance. It notes that as device sizes shrink, wire lengths increase which leads to greater parasitic effects that must be considered. The document outlines how capacitance depends on shape and surroundings and can be modeled as parallel plates. Resistance is defined by resistivity, length and cross-sectional area, with aluminum a common interconnect material. Inductance also becomes important at higher frequencies. Models are simplified by ignoring less dominant effects.
Introduction to Digital VLSI Design
The document introduces digital VLSI design and CMOS technology. It discusses the motivation for digital design, noting advantages like noise immunity and information security. VLSI allows for miniaturization and lower power consumption by increasing storage and speed capabilities. CMOS is introduced as an important ingredient for VLSI design. CMOS combines p-MOS and n-MOS and has low power consumption and noise resistance. It can be used to build inverters, buffers, adders, and other logic gates and chips like microprocessors. The final slide depicts a CMOS inverter.
Challenges of Massive MIMO System
This document summarizes a presentation on analyzing massive MIMO systems under different wireless scenarios. It begins with background on mobile communication generations and challenges with exponentially growing data demand. It then discusses massive MIMO as a promising technology for 5G, noting it can support large numbers of users simultaneously and increase spectrum efficiency. However, challenges include hardware mismatch in TDD systems and highly correlated spatial gains. The presentation outlines analyzing the impact of these issues, as well as the feasibility of massive MIMO in cooperative networks. It proposes modeling hardware mismatch and deriving the probability distribution functions of amplitude and phase mismatches. It also discusses using different precoding techniques like zero-forcing to calculate signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio in the down
E-democracy or Digital Democracy
The document discusses e-democracy, which uses information and communication technologies to expand and improve democratic processes. E-democracy can enhance democracy by enabling electronic voting, improving civic engagement through online political discussions and information sharing, and allowing more direct participation between citizens and representatives. However, e-democracy systems face issues like ensuring effective citizen participation, voting equality, and addressing cybersecurity risks and protecting sensitive user data. Digital inclusion is also important to ensure all citizens can participate in e-democracy.
Ethics of Parasitic Computing
This document discusses parasitic computing, which involves getting another program to perform complex computations without its knowledge. Specifically, it can exploit standard internet protocols like TCP and HTTP. Some potential ethical issues are discussed, such as privacy and consent. The conclusion is that an idealist viewpoint may see ethical problems with parasitic computing, while a pragmatist may not, as it relies on normal interactions over the internet that systems implicitly consent to by connecting.
Action Lines of Geneva Plan of Action
The document outlines the action lines of the Geneva Plan of Action, which includes 5 main points: 1) The role of governments and stakeholders in promoting ICTs, 2) Developing information and communication infrastructure, 3) Increasing access to information and knowledge, 4) Engaging in capacity building, and 5) Building confidence and security in using ICTs. It provides specific recommendations under each point, such as developing national ICT strategies, improving connectivity for schools and libraries, establishing public access points, and supporting research and development.
Geneva Plan of Action
The Geneva Plan of Action outlines the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) process which took place in two phases. The first phase was held in Geneva in 2003 and resulted in a plan of action. The second phase was held in Tunis in 2005 and focused on implementing the Geneva plan and reaching agreements on internet governance and financing mechanisms. Key outcomes included connecting villages, schools, and other institutions to ICTs and ensuring over half the world's population has access to ICTs. UNESCO played a prominent role in both phases and the follow up processes by focusing on themes like education, cultural diversity, and access to information.
Fair Use in the Electronic Age
This document discusses fair use of copyrighted works in the electronic age. It outlines that individuals, libraries, and educational institutions should be able to make lawful uses of copyrighted works electronically without transaction fees. This includes uses like privately viewing or browsing publicly marketed works, experimenting with variations for fair use purposes, and providing works for study and research. Libraries should also be able to preserve electronic materials and provide them electronically without liability for user actions. Licenses should not restrict fair uses, and public domain works should be freely available electronically for non-profit education.
Software as a Property
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Orthogonal Polynomial
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Patent Protection
This document discusses patent protection and its application to software. It begins by recapping trade secrecy law and its limitations for software. It then introduces patents as a stronger form of intellectual property protection that provides a limited-time monopoly on an invention. For software to be patentable, it cannot claim an abstract idea, algorithm, or scientific principle alone; it must demonstrate utility, novelty, and non-obviousness. While software patents were initially controversial, a 1981 court case established that a physical process using a computer program could be patented. The document ends by discussing theories of intellectual property and how software challenges traditional notions of ownership similar to Locke's labor theory.
Copyright Vs Patent and Trade Secrecy Law
This document discusses different mechanisms for intellectual property protection, including copyright, patent, and trade secrecy laws. Copyright protects the expression of ideas but not the ideas themselves. It applies to source and object codes but there are issues around modifications. Trade secrecy laws allow companies to keep information secret to maintain a competitive edge, such as by using non-disclosure agreements. Trade secrecy was more applicable during Bingo's software development but not once the software was released. Patent provides the strongest protection by giving inventors exclusive rights over novel and non-obvious inventions.
Property Right and Software
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Investigating Data Trials
This document discusses different types of data trails that are created when using computers and browsing the internet. It outlines three main types of data trails: 1) those created on your own machine through browser history, cookies, and other files; 2) cookies stored by websites to track user activity; and 3) data trails created on other machines when browsing from work vs home, noting it is easier for employers and internet service providers to track user activity in different ways depending on the connection. The document aims to investigate these data trails without making ethical judgments, simply exploring the purpose and availability of the information collected.
Gaussian Numerical Integration
This document discusses Gaussian numerical integration techniques. It describes the Gauss quadrature 2-point and 3-point formulas for numerical integration. The 2-point formula uses two sample points with equal weights of 1 to calculate the integral. The 3-point formula uses three sample points and weights of 5/9, 8/9 and 5/9 to yield more accurate integration over an interval. The document also explains how to apply these formulas when the integral limits differ from [-1,1].
Censorship and Controversy
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Romberg's Integration
Romberg's method is used to estimate definite integrals by applying Richardson extrapolation repeatedly to the trapezoidal rule or rectangular rule. This generates a triangular array that increases in accuracy. The method is an extension of trapezoidal and rectangular rules. It works by recursively calculating the integral using smaller step sizes to generate values in the triangular array. Convergence is reached when two successive values are very close. An example calculates a definite integral using Romberg's method in three cases with decreasing step sizes to populate the triangular array.
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Home security is of paramount importance in today's world, where we rely more on technology, home
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Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
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Call For Paper -3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advan...
* Registration is currently open *
Call for Research Papers!!!
Free – Extended Paper will be published as free of cost.
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)
July 13 ~ 14, 2024, Virtual Conference
Webpage URL: https://aiad2024.org/index
Submission Deadline: June 22, 2024
Submission System URL:
https://aiad2024.org/submission/index.php
Contact Us:
Here's where you can reach us : aiad@aiad2024.org (or) aiadconference@yahoo.com
WikiCFP URL: http://wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/event.showcfp?eventid=180509©ownerid=171656
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一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
CalArts毕业证学历书【微信95270640】CalArts毕业证’圣力嘉学院毕业证《Q微信95270640》办理CalArts毕业证√文凭学历制作{CalArts文凭}购买学历学位证书本科硕士,CalArts毕业证学历学位证【实体公司】办毕业证、成绩单、学历认证、学位证、文凭认证、办留信网认证、（网上可查，实体公司，专业可靠）
(诚招代理)办理国外高校毕业证成绩单文凭学位证,真实使馆公证（留学回国人员证明）真实留信网认证国外学历学位认证雅思代考国外学校代申请名校保录开请假条改GPA改成绩ID卡
1.高仿业务:【本科硕士】毕业证,成绩单（GPA修改）,学历认证（教育部认证）,大学Offer,,ID,留信认证,使馆认证,雅思,语言证书等高仿类证书；
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1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
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3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
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-全套服务：毕业证成绩单真实使馆公证真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足！
（详情请加一下 文凭顾问+微信:95270640）欢迎咨询！子小伍玩小伍比山娃小一岁虎头虎脑的很霸气父亲让山娃跟小伍去夏令营听课山娃很高兴夏令营就设在附近一所小学山娃发现那所小学比自己的学校更大更美操场上还铺有塑胶跑道呢里面很多小朋友一班一班的快快乐乐原来城里娃都藏这儿来了怪不得平时见不到他们山娃恍然大悟起来吹拉弹唱琴棋书画山娃都不懂却什么都想学山娃怨自己太笨什么都不会斟酌再三山娃终于选定了学美术当听说每月要交元时父亲犹豫了山娃也说爸算了吧咱学校一学期才转
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdf
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
This ppt gives detailed description of Object Oriented Analysis and design.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
一比一原版(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(USF毕业证)旧金山大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：95270640】【旧金山大学毕业证USF学位证成绩单】【微信：95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：95270640】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理旧金山大学毕业证USF学位证毕业证学位证【微信：95270640 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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Fet small signal model
- 1. FET: Small Signal Model Dr. Varun Kumar Dr. Varun Kumar (IIIT Surat) 1 / 9
- 2. Outlines 1 Transfer characteristics of FET 2 Small signal model of FET Dr. Varun Kumar (IIIT Surat) 2 / 9
- 3. Transfer characteristics of FET ⇒ In an amplifier application, the FET is used in the region beyond pinch-off. ⇒ It is also called as constant current, pentode, or current saturation region. ⇒ Let the saturation current is IDS and IDSS is the saturation current at VGS = 0V then IDS = IDSS 1 − VGS VP 2 ⇒ Above relation is called as the transfer characteristics. ⇒ Relation between IDS and VGS can be approximated by the parabola. Dr. Varun Kumar (IIIT Surat) 3 / 9
- 4. Cutoff Case 1 ⇒ Consider an FET operating at a fixed value of VDS in constant current region. ⇒ As −VGS increases (reverse bias), the conducting channel will narrow. ⇒ When VGS = VP then → IDS = IDSS 1 − VGS VP 2 = 0 ⇒ With physical device, some small current also flow from drain to source in n-channel JFET, when VGS = VP. ⇒ This small leakage current is called as ID,OFF , when |VGS | |VP|. ⇒ ID,OFF ∼ order of nanoamperes for silicon FET. Case 2 ⇒ Gate reverse current also called gate cutoff current designated by IGSS , when |VGS | |VP| and VDS = 0 Dr. Varun Kumar (IIIT Surat) 4 / 9
- 5. FET small signal model ⇒ The linear small signal model is same as the BJT. ⇒ We can formally express as iD = f (vGS , vDS ) Transconductance gm and Drain Resistance rd ⇒ If both vGS and vDS both are variable. 4iD = ∂iD ∂vGS
- 11. vGS 4vDS ⇒ In small signal model, 4iD = id , 4vGS = vgs, 4vDS = vd s ⇒ From above relation, id = gmvgs + 1 rd vds Dr. Varun Kumar (IIIT Surat) 5 / 9
- 12. Continued– ⇒ gm ≡ ∂iD ∂vGS
- 15. vDS ≈ 4iD 4vGS
- 18. vDS = id vgs
- 21. vDS → Mutual conductance or transconductance. ⇒ rd ≡ ∂vDS ∂iD
- 24. vGS ≈ 4vDS 4iD
- 27. vGS = vds id
- 30. vGS → Drain resistance ⇒ Reciprocal of drain resistance is drain conductance 1 rd = gd Amplification factor µ of a FET: µ ≡ − ∂vDS ∂vGS
- 33. ID = − 4vDS 4vGS
- 36. ID = − vds vgs
- 39. id =0 We can verify that µ, rd , gm are related by µ = gmrd by setting id = 0 Dr. Varun Kumar (IIIT Surat) 6 / 9
- 40. Continued– gm = gmo 1 − VGS VP = 2 |VP| (IDSS IDS ) 1 2 where, gmo = −2IDSS VP ⇒ gmo is the value of gm for VGS = 0 ⇒ IDSS and VP are of opposite sign, gmo is always positive. ⇒ Transconductance varies as the square root of the drain current, or gm ∝ √ IDS Dr. Varun Kumar (IIIT Surat) 7 / 9
- 41. FET Model ⇒ (a) The low-frequency small-signal FET model. ⇒ (b) The high-frequency model, taking node capacitors into account Dr. Varun Kumar (IIIT Surat) 8 / 9
- 42. Continued– ⇒ FET is much more ideal amplifier than the conventional transistor amplifier at low frequency. ⇒ Unfortunately, this is not true beyond the audio range (20Hz-20KHz). ⇒ Cgs → Barrier capacitance between gate and source. ⇒ Cgd → Barrier capacitance between gate and drain. ⇒ Cds → Drain to source capacitance of the channel. ⇒ These internal capacitance, feedback exists between input and output circuits and voltage amplification drops rapidly as frequency is increased. Parameter JFET gm 0.1-10 mA/V rd 0.1-1M Ω Cds 0.1-1 pF Cgs,Cgd 1-10pF rgs 108 rgd 108 Dr. Varun Kumar (IIIT Surat) 9 / 9