This document discusses emotion and motivation. It defines motivation as the conditions that initiate, guide, and maintain behaviors until a goal is reached. There are two types of motives: implicit motives that operate unconsciously, and explicit motives that are linked to social norms. Emotions are reactions to important matters and involve physiological changes and expressions. Theories propose emotions are caused by stimuli, physiological responses, or simultaneous thalamus activation. Positive emotions broaden thinking and build resilience while regulation involves considering feelings, consequences, and learning.
This PPT contains Unit 2 Biology of behaviour for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing students. The biology of behavior, also known as behavioral neuroscience or psychobiology, explores the relationship between biological processes and behavior. It delves into how the brain, nervous system, and other physiological factors influence behavior, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Understanding this relationship helps us comprehend various aspects of human and animal behavior.
This PPT contains Unit 2 Biology of behaviour for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing students. The biology of behavior, also known as behavioral neuroscience or psychobiology, explores the relationship between biological processes and behavior. It delves into how the brain, nervous system, and other physiological factors influence behavior, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Understanding this relationship helps us comprehend various aspects of human and animal behavior.
This PPT contains topic Learning from Unit 3 Cognitive Process of the subject Psychology for F.Y.B.SC.Nursing.
Learning, as a cognitive process, involves acquiring knowledge, skills, understanding, and behaviors through experience, study, practice, or teaching. It's a fundamental aspect of human cognition, enabling individuals to adapt, solve problems, make decisions, and improve their performance in various domains of life. Cognitive processes play a critical role in how we perceive, encode, store, and retrieve information during the learning process.
Points:
1. Introduction and meaning of Cognitive Processes
2. Attention(Meaning and Definition)
3. Aspects of Attention
4. Perception(Meaning and Definition)
5. Phenomena Associated with Perception
6. Thinking( Definition and Core Elements of Thinking)
7. Types of Thinking
8. Learning (Meaning and Definition)
9. Processes of Learning
a. Learning by Classical Conditioning
b. Learning by Operant Conditioning
c. Learning by Assimilation and Accommodation
d. Learning by Observation
10. Conclusion
This presentation is prepared according to the syllabus of Basic BSc nursing students given by INC. for the better learning and knowledge please refer the books.
Motivation refers to an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction.
Emotion is a state involving pattern of facial and bodily changes, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action.
Emotions are positive or negative feelings generally in reaction to stimuli that are accompanied by physical, psychological arousal and related behavior.
Emotions give life its feeling and meaning. They enrich life. Without emotions, things would be quite a routine and dull.
This PPT contains topic Learning from Unit 3 Cognitive Process of the subject Psychology for F.Y.B.SC.Nursing.
Learning, as a cognitive process, involves acquiring knowledge, skills, understanding, and behaviors through experience, study, practice, or teaching. It's a fundamental aspect of human cognition, enabling individuals to adapt, solve problems, make decisions, and improve their performance in various domains of life. Cognitive processes play a critical role in how we perceive, encode, store, and retrieve information during the learning process.
Points:
1. Introduction and meaning of Cognitive Processes
2. Attention(Meaning and Definition)
3. Aspects of Attention
4. Perception(Meaning and Definition)
5. Phenomena Associated with Perception
6. Thinking( Definition and Core Elements of Thinking)
7. Types of Thinking
8. Learning (Meaning and Definition)
9. Processes of Learning
a. Learning by Classical Conditioning
b. Learning by Operant Conditioning
c. Learning by Assimilation and Accommodation
d. Learning by Observation
10. Conclusion
This presentation is prepared according to the syllabus of Basic BSc nursing students given by INC. for the better learning and knowledge please refer the books.
Motivation refers to an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction.
Emotion is a state involving pattern of facial and bodily changes, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action.
Emotions are positive or negative feelings generally in reaction to stimuli that are accompanied by physical, psychological arousal and related behavior.
Emotions give life its feeling and meaning. They enrich life. Without emotions, things would be quite a routine and dull.
This is a paper I wrote on the subject of Motivation and Emotions as part of my Term 1 submission for Micro-OB. Students of Organization Behavior and HR may find it useful. In case you find it useful please drop some feedback so that I can improve my skills. Thanks!
The Mechanisms of Behavior Change project is studying how individuals are able to use self-control processes to reduce or quit drinking using brain imaging. The results may help us better understand the process of recovery and its relationship to addiction as a brain disease.
6 thinking hats in change management #1 Timothy Wooi
The Six Thinking Hats by Edward de Bono.
An insight of Six thinking Functions and Roles identified by Hats to be practiced in Change Management thinking and restructuring in the 21st Century Leadership.
To assist in thinking process using best effective parallel thinking skills within organization function to develop a more productive, focused, and mindfully involved thinking with success in corporations worldwide
To improve our thinking skills to overcome confused thinking arising from trying to do too much at once and to emphasize on what can be, not what is.
Day1
Introduction – Six Thinking Hats
Traditional Vs Parallel Thinking
The Six Hats Process
Six Hats in Meetings
21st Century Leadership & Change
Management
Introduction to Leadership
21st Century Qualifiers,
Innovative Thinking
21st Century Leadership
& Change Management
21st Century Skills & Literacy
Innovation Leadership
A Powerpoint lecture I gave to mental health professionals to improve their own and their clients self care. Enjoy, share, but give me credit and refer others to my blog. WWW.emotionalfitnesstraining.com
Self regulation finalSelf Regulation for Children, Adolescents and Families, ...insideout-admin
Presented at a Mental Health Professional Network meeting, this presentation outlines an approach to self regulation in children adolescents and families with a strong emphasis on the defining sensor pathways and how to stimulate those pathways to the desired result.
Self-Determination Theory, or SDT, links
Personality,
Human motivation, and
Optimal functioning.
It posits(Put forward as fact) that there are two main types of motivation which are powerful forces in shaping who we are and how we behave (Deci & Ryan, 2008).
Intrinsic and
Extrinsic
Relationship Awareness Theory is a self-learning model for effectively and accurately understanding and inferring the motive behind the behavior.
Relationship Awareness® gives organizations and individuals the awareness and skills they need to build more effective personal and professional relationships.
It helps them to sustain those relationships through understanding the underlying Motivational Value Systems™ of themselves and others under two conditions:
When things are going well
During conflict
The theory helps people to recognize that they can choose their behaviors to accommodate their underlying values, while also taking into account the values of others.
It is a dynamic and powerful way of looking at human relationships that aids in building communication, trust, empathy, and effective, productive relationships.
The Theory (and the psychometric tests which are based on it) were developed by psychologist, clinical therapist, educator, and author Elias H. Porter, Ph.D.
Talks about Personality and Individual Behavoiur for educational purposes.
* Personality
* Components of Personality
* Nature of Personality
* Framework Of Personality
** Iceberg Theory
** Psychoanalytic Theory
** The Myers Brigg Type Indicators
** The Big 5 Model
* Determinants of Personality
** Biological Factors
** Social Factors
** Cultural Factors
** Situational Factors
* Individual Behaviour
** Individual Behaviour Framework
* Causes of Individual Behaviour
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
3. What Is MotivationWhat Is Motivation??
Motivation is defined as the conditionsMotivation is defined as the conditions
whichwhich initiate ,guide, and maintaininitiate ,guide, and maintain
behaviors, usually until a goal has beenbehaviors, usually until a goal has been
reachedreached or the response has beenor the response has been
blockedblocked..
4. Types of Motives
McClelland ,Koestner and Weinberger
)1989(,posited that two types of of motives
coexist within the person:
A- Implicit motives, which operate
noconsciously. People may have no
or only very limited insight into what
motivates their behavior.
5. Types of Motives
B – Self-attributed )or explicit( motives,
are linked to the goals and expectations
that are normative for a particular group
)family ,peer ,society( and that thus focus
the individual's decisions and behaviors on
what the group deems important and
desirable.
6. Types of Motives
A. Primary or unlearned motivesA. Primary or unlearned motives::
Some unlearned motives are calledSome unlearned motives are called
survival motives because they must besurvival motives because they must be
satisfied for an organism to continue tosatisfied for an organism to continue to
livelive..
Hunger –Thirst – the need for AirHunger –Thirst – the need for Air––
Pain –unlearned but is not a survivalPain –unlearned but is not a survival
7. Types of Motives
B-Learned motives )social motivesB-Learned motives )social motives( :( :
They develop from social interactionsThey develop from social interactions..
In many societies they becameIn many societies they became
predominant motives because survivalpredominant motives because survival
motives aremotives are satisfied readily and easilysatisfied readily and easily..
8. Types of Motives
Need for dominanceNeed for dominance
Need for AffiliationNeed for Affiliation
Need for AchievementNeed for Achievement
9. Motivation and Leadership
)Effective leaders have the ability to
consistently move themselves and
others to action because they
understand the" invisible forces" that
shape us(
10. Theories of MotivationTheories of Motivation
BiologicalBiological theories of motivation focus ontheories of motivation focus on
the importance of biological processes inthe importance of biological processes in
determining motivated behaviordetermining motivated behavior..
InstinctsInstincts are unlearned, species-specificare unlearned, species-specific
behaviors that are more complex thanbehaviors that are more complex than
reflexes and triggered by environmentalreflexes and triggered by environmental
events called releasing stimulievents called releasing stimuli..
11. The Psychoanalytical ViewThe Psychoanalytical View
For Freud ,For Freud , sexualitysexuality andand aggressionaggression areare
the ultimate wellsprings of humanthe ultimate wellsprings of human
motivationmotivation..
A - Sexuality and all otherA - Sexuality and all other life instinctslife instincts..
B - Aggression and all otherB - Aggression and all other deathdeath
instinctsinstincts..
12. The Humanistic ViewThe Humanistic View
Carl Rogers writesCarl Rogers writes::
There is an inherent tendency of theThere is an inherent tendency of the
organism to develop all its capacity inorganism to develop all its capacity in
ways which serves to maintain or enhanceways which serves to maintain or enhance
the personthe person..
PeoplePeople need to be loved for their veryneed to be loved for their very
existence as personsexistence as persons..
13. The Humanistic ViewThe Humanistic View
Love and acceptanceLove and acceptance are oftenare often
conditionalconditional : We are praised, rewarded: We are praised, rewarded
,,liked, admired and blessed for particularliked, admired and blessed for particular
things that we do ,say ,think ,and feelthings that we do ,say ,think ,and feel..
Such conditional positive regards fromSuch conditional positive regards from
others leads toothers leads to apprehensionapprehension ofof conditionsconditions
of worthof worth..
14. Social Learning TheorySocial Learning Theory
Suggests thatSuggests that previous learningprevious learning is a majoris a major
source of motivation. The success orsource of motivation. The success or
failure of particular responses leads to anfailure of particular responses leads to an
understanding of what will produceunderstanding of what will produce
positive or negativepositive or negative consequences andconsequences and
desire to repeat successful behaviorsdesire to repeat successful behaviors..
15. Social Learning TheorySocial Learning Theory
Observing another personObserving another person succeed or failsucceed or fail
may be sufficient to produce motivemay be sufficient to produce motive
conditionsconditions..
16. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Intrinsic Motivation and Self-
Determination TheoryDetermination Theory
Research onResearch on intrinsic motivationintrinsic motivation suggestssuggests
that providingthat providing rewards and incentivesrewards and incentives forfor
intrinsicallyintrinsically enjoyableenjoyable behaviours maybehaviours may
work not to reinforce but rather towork not to reinforce but rather to
undermineundermine these behavioursthese behaviours..
17. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Intrinsic Motivation and Self-
Determination TheoryDetermination Theory
Deci & Ryan argue that self -determinedDeci & Ryan argue that self -determined
behaviours stem from three basic psychologicalbehaviours stem from three basic psychological
needsneeds::
FirstFirst :the need for the:the need for the competencecompetence
encompasses the person's strivings toencompasses the person's strivings to
control the outcomes of eventscontrol the outcomes of events and toand to
experience a sense of mastery andexperience a sense of mastery and
effectiveness in dealing with theeffectiveness in dealing with the
environmentenvironment..
18. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Intrinsic Motivation and Self-
Determination TheoryDetermination Theory
SecondSecond :The need for autonomy involves:The need for autonomy involves
the desire to feel that one isthe desire to feel that one is independentindependent
of external pressuresof external pressures and able to relate toand able to relate to
the world as an origin rather than pawnthe world as an origin rather than pawn..
19. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Intrinsic Motivation and Self-
Determination TheoryDetermination Theory
ThirdThird : The need for: The need for relatednessrelatedness
encompasses a person's strivings to careencompasses a person's strivings to care
for others ,to feel that others are relatingfor others ,to feel that others are relating
to self in authentic and mutually supportiveto self in authentic and mutually supportive
ways ,and to feel satisfying and coherentways ,and to feel satisfying and coherent
involvement with the social world moreinvolvement with the social world more
generallygenerally..
20. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Intrinsic Motivation and Self-
Determination TheoryDetermination Theory
Some studies have shown that as peopleSome studies have shown that as people
make significant progress in themake significant progress in the
attainment of goals that contribute to theattainment of goals that contribute to the
needs forneeds for autonomyautonomy ,,competencecompetence ,and,and
interpersonal relatednessinterpersonal relatedness ,they experience,they experience
higher level ofhigher level of mental healthmental health ,self-actualization,self-actualization
,,and psychological-well-beingand psychological-well-being..
21. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Intrinsic Motivation and Self-
Determination TheoryDetermination Theory
FirstFirst: the social environment may offer: the social environment may offer
autonomy supportautonomy support..
SecondSecond : the social environment may: the social environment may
provideprovide structure for behaviourstructure for behaviour..
ThirdThird : The social environment may: The social environment may
offeroffer interpersonal involvementinterpersonal involvement..
22. Four Basic NeedsFour Basic Needs
Constructive Thinking –Constructive Thinking – Seymour Epstein, 1998Seymour Epstein, 1998..
11––To maximizeTo maximize pleasurepleasure and minimizeand minimize painpain..
22––To maintain a coherent ,realistic set of beliefs thatTo maintain a coherent ,realistic set of beliefs that
allows one toallows one to operate effectively in the worldoperate effectively in the world..
ToTo make sensemake sense out of your experienceout of your experience..
33––To have closeTo have close emotional (satisfying)emotional (satisfying) relationshipsrelationships
with otherswith others..
44––To haveTo have high self-esteemhigh self-esteem ( to( to think well of yourself ).-think well of yourself ).-
self-esteem is apparently a need that can overrideself-esteem is apparently a need that can override
the need to avoid pain and even to preserve one's lifethe need to avoid pain and even to preserve one's life..
23. Emotion and MotivationEmotion and Motivation
The highest incidence ofThe highest incidence of
heart attack in America isheart attack in America is
on Monday mooringon Monday mooring..
25. EmotionEmotion
All three of these wordsAll three of these words––
emotionemotion ,,movemove ,, motivatemotivate – share the– share the
Latin rootLatin root emovareemovare ,which means to,which means to
movemove..
26. The What of EmotionThe What of Emotion
Emotion is the awareness of a feelingEmotion is the awareness of a feeling
elicited in response to an environmentalelicited in response to an environmental
stimulus, accompanied by physiologicalstimulus, accompanied by physiological
changes overt behaviors such as facialchanges overt behaviors such as facial
expressionsexpressions..
27. The What of EmotionThe What of Emotion
Emotions are reactions to matters thatEmotions are reactions to matters that
seem to be very important to ourseem to be very important to our welfare..
Emotions often begin so quickly that weEmotions often begin so quickly that we
areare not aware of he processesnot aware of he processes in our mindin our mind
That set them offThat set them off..
28. Theories of EmotionTheories of Emotion
The commonsense view of emotionsThe commonsense view of emotions
states the sequence of events instates the sequence of events in
emotional responding asemotional responding as::
emotional stimulusemotional stimulus
emotionemotion
physiological changesphysiological changes..
29. Theories of EmotionTheories of Emotion
The James-Lange theoryThe James-Lange theory states thatstates that
physiological changes precede andphysiological changes precede and
actually create emotionsactually create emotions..
The sequence of events in emotionalThe sequence of events in emotional
responding isresponding is::
EEmotionalmotional SStimulustimulus
PPhysiological changeshysiological changes
EEmotionmotion..
30. Theories of EmotionTheories of Emotion
The Cannon-Bard theoryThe Cannon-Bard theory stresses the rolestresses the role
of the thalamus inof the thalamus in simultaneouslysimultaneously relayingrelaying
emotional input to the cortex andemotional input to the cortex and
sympathetic nervous systemsympathetic nervous system..
31. Theories of EmotionTheories of Emotion
Different emotions are mediated byDifferent emotions are mediated by
differentdifferent brain networksbrain networks ,different,different
modules, andmodules, and evolutionary changesevolutionary changes in ain a
particular network don`t necessarilyparticular network don`t necessarily
affect the others directlyaffect the others directly..
32. The Physiological ComponentsThe Physiological Components
There are some physiological differences among theThere are some physiological differences among the
emotions such as increased heart rate in angeremotions such as increased heart rate in anger..
33. The Basic EmotionsThe Basic Emotions
There are believed to eight basic emotionsThere are believed to eight basic emotions::
11--AngerAnger
22--SorrowSorrow
33––JoyJoy
44––SurpriseSurprise
55--FearFear
66--DisgustDisgust
77––GuiltshameGuiltshame
88--InterestInterest
34. The Expressive ComponentsThe Expressive Components
Nonverbal communication involvesNonverbal communication involves
communication through body languagecommunication through body language,,
movements, and gesturesmovements, and gestures..
35. The Expressive ComponentsThe Expressive Components
Paralanguage involves communicationParalanguage involves communication
through tone of voice, rate of speechthrough tone of voice, rate of speech,,
pauses, sighs, and loudnesspauses, sighs, and loudness..
36. The Expressive ComponentsThe Expressive Components
Compared with men, women report moreCompared with men, women report more
emotional experiences and greateremotional experiences and greater
comfort with emotionscomfort with emotions..
One possible explanation is that women'sOne possible explanation is that women's
roles and occupations tend to requireroles and occupations tend to require
greatergreater sensitivitysensitivity to the emotionalto the emotional
expressions inexpressions in othersothers..
37. Social component
The separation of reason and emotion ,at its
extreme ,is the hallmark of the psychopath.
But a society that worships reason is
concerned only with the excesses of emotion
,not those of so – called rationality.
)Miriam Greenspan,2003.(
38. Social component
The Bad Listening to Pain:
Ignoring , stopping ,and shaming or punishing
emotion are the three parenting styles that most
often results in emotional illiteracy in children.
In an emotion phobic culture ,most of us don't
know how to listen very well to emotional pain
for the simple reason that we have never been
taught that doing so is a good thing , or how to
do it.
39. The Cognitive ComponentsThe Cognitive Components
Appraisal theories of emotion propose thatAppraisal theories of emotion propose that
how we makehow we make judgmentsjudgments about eventsabout events
leads to emotional reactionsleads to emotional reactions..
Cultural valuesCultural values can influence people'scan influence people's
emotionsemotions..
40. Positive Emotion
Why do positive emotion exist?
1-Broadens a person's mindset.
2-Making novel responses more likely.
3-Undo lingering negative emotions.
4-Build resilience for confronting challenges in
the future.
)Isen,2000,Fredrickson,2006
41. Positive Emotion
People should cultivate positive emotions
in themselves and in those around them
not just as end – states in themselves
,but also as means to achieving
psychological growth and improved
psychological and physical well-being
overtime.
43. Emotions Regulation
People can regulate their emotions by:
A – Managing the situation to which they
expose themselves.
B – Transforming their responses by
reviewing the situation.
C – Suppressing or intensifying their
responses.
44. Emotional IntelligenceEmotional Intelligence
Definition :Definition :
The ability to perceive emotions ,toThe ability to perceive emotions ,to
access and generate emotions so as toaccess and generate emotions so as to
assist thought ,to understand emotionsassist thought ,to understand emotions
and emotional knowledge ,and toand emotional knowledge ,and to
reflectively regulate emotions so as toreflectively regulate emotions so as to
promotepromote emotional and intellectual growthemotional and intellectual growth..