This document provides an overview of motivation from a psychological perspective. It discusses different theories of motivation including instinct theory, drive theory, and incentive theory. Instinct theory proposes that behaviors are genetically programmed for survival and reproduction. Drive theory views behavior as reducing internal tension from unmet biological needs. Incentive theory states behavior is motivated by external rewards. Motives can be primary, stimulus-based, or secondary and learned. The document also covers emotion, facial expressions, lie detectors, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Introduction to Emotions and Moods in Organizational BehaviorRoger Rochar
This presentation is based on Robbins and Judge's book on Organizational Behavior. Chapter 4: Emotions and Moods is thoroughly discussed in the book and the first part is adopted for this presentation done as a requirement in the study of Human Behavior in Organization for the Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Leadership program of the University of St. La Salle, Bacolod City
Introduction to Emotions and Moods in Organizational BehaviorRoger Rochar
This presentation is based on Robbins and Judge's book on Organizational Behavior. Chapter 4: Emotions and Moods is thoroughly discussed in the book and the first part is adopted for this presentation done as a requirement in the study of Human Behavior in Organization for the Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Leadership program of the University of St. La Salle, Bacolod City
Psychology: Motivation,Types of Motivation & Theories of MotivationPriyanka Nain
This presentation is basically about Motivation,categories & types of Motivation. It also consists of two theories of Motivation- McClelland's Theory of Needs and Maslow's Theory of Self Actualization.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
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WILL COVER
COMMON SENSE PSYCHOLOGY
CORRESPONDENT INFERENCE THEORY
COVARIENCE MODEL
CONSENSUS
CONSISTENCY
DISTINCTIVENESS
FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR
ACTOR OBSERVER EFFECT
SELF SERVING BIAS
AND APPLICATIONS
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Curriculum Vitae & Resume Writing.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
Contact No:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Follow Me:
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Twitter: arguni_hasnain
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Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
A Powerpoint lecture I gave to mental health professionals to improve their own and their clients self care. Enjoy, share, but give me credit and refer others to my blog. WWW.emotionalfitnesstraining.com
It is about motivation and different theories. it highlights why extrinsic motivation will not work in the long run and the leaders have to find ways to inspire the team.
Psychology: Motivation,Types of Motivation & Theories of MotivationPriyanka Nain
This presentation is basically about Motivation,categories & types of Motivation. It also consists of two theories of Motivation- McClelland's Theory of Needs and Maslow's Theory of Self Actualization.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
WILL COVER
COMMON SENSE PSYCHOLOGY
CORRESPONDENT INFERENCE THEORY
COVARIENCE MODEL
CONSENSUS
CONSISTENCY
DISTINCTIVENESS
FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR
ACTOR OBSERVER EFFECT
SELF SERVING BIAS
AND APPLICATIONS
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Curriculum Vitae & Resume Writing.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
Contact No:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Follow Me:
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Twitter: arguni_hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
A Powerpoint lecture I gave to mental health professionals to improve their own and their clients self care. Enjoy, share, but give me credit and refer others to my blog. WWW.emotionalfitnesstraining.com
It is about motivation and different theories. it highlights why extrinsic motivation will not work in the long run and the leaders have to find ways to inspire the team.
Social PsychologyWe cannot live for ourselves alone. Al.docxjensgosney
Social Psychology
We cannot live for ourselves alone. All of our lives are connected by a thousand invisible threads…..
What is Social PsychologySocial Psychology: The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Social Psychologists: Explore the connections between people by scientifically studying how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Attribution TheoryPeople usually attribute others’ behavior either to their internal dispositions or to their external situation (is the behavior due to the person’s situation or disposition).
A teacher may wonder if a child’s hostility reflects an aggressive personality or a reaction to stress or abuse.
Problem: Fundamental Attribution Error (overestimating the influence of personality and underestimating the influence of situations)
Republican vs. Democrat (people vs. society / Katrina)
Attitudes and ActionsAttitudes are feelings, based on our beliefs, that predispose our reactions to objects, people, and events.
If we believe someone is mean, we may feel dislike for the person and act unfriendly.
Attitudes Affect Action and Vice VersaOur attitudes often affect our actions.
Example of Attitude affecting Action:
Democratic leaders didn’t agree with President Bush’s decision to attack Iraq but voted in support of it anyway because of overwhelming public support for Bush.
Similarly, our actions often affect our attitudes.
Example of Action affecting Attitude:
Cult involvement (Brainwashing)
Initially you disagree but you become involved and feel acceptance based on the actions of the cult leaders and end up forming a positive opinion of the cult.
Foot-In-The-Door PhenomenonThe tendency for people who agree to a small action to comply later with a larger one.
To get people to agree to something big, start small and build.
A small thing makes the next one, although slightly larger, seem “not so bad” (i.e. stealing / gangs).
Works for good things, too (contributions).
Role playing affects attitude (you’re a parent/student now)
Zimbardo Experiment of 1972
Social InfluenceWhy do things like suicides and school violence (Columbine, etc.) come in groups?
Answer…Conformity and Obedience:
Behavior is contagious (yawn/traffic gawkers)
We are natural mimics (our attempt at feeling the way others do – this is how we learn empathy)
We’re happy around happy people and sad around sad people.
Group Pressure and ConformityDefinition of Conformity: Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Conditions that strengthen conformity:
When you are made to feel incompetent/insecure
When a group has at least three people
When the group is unanimous
When one admires the group’s status
When others in the group observe one’s behavior
i.e. sorority
Why Do We Conform?Normative Social Influence:
We are sensitive to social norms – understood rules for accepted and expected behavior – because the price we pay for being d.
5 Theories About Motivation: Why We Do What We DoChelsea O'Brien
Motivation is the force that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is what causes us to take action, whether to grab a snack to reduce hunger or enroll in college to earn a degree. The forces that lie beneath motivation can be biological, social, emotional, or cognitive in nature. In this presentation, we cover what motivation is as well as 5 theories of motivation.
While no single theory can adequately explain all human motivation, looking at the individual theories can offer a greater understanding of the forces that cause us to take action. In reality, there are likely many different forces that interact to motivate behavior.
Thanks to Psychology.about.com for the references for this presentation. For more insights, tips and a free video to help overcome motivations to binge eat, check out www.BingeEatingBreakthrough.com.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. What is Motivation?
Motivation is a need or desire that energizes
behavior and directs it toward a goal. It is what
either starts or stops behavior. It is the internal
and external forces that drive our thoughts,
moods, and behaviors.
What motivates you to go to college?
3. Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation: type of motivation in which a person
performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is
separate from or external to the person. Example: Going
to work for money.
Intrinsic Motivation: type of motivation in which a person
performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or
satisfying in some internal manner. Example: Creating a
web site for fun.
4. Different Theories on Motivation
Different schools of thought look at motivation ( that
power that either starts or stops behavior ) through
different lenses.
Instinct theory
Drive Theory
Incentive theory
5. Instinct Theory
Instinct theory proposes that organisms are
motivated to engage in certain behaviors because
of their genetic programming and because these
behaviors lead to success in terms of natural
selection.
For example, we pursue sex in order to reproduce
to propagate the human species. It is an innate
biological need.
6. Instinctual Behaviors
Reproduction and social dominance
Human beings are territorial “this is our space” by
nature.
Some animals have instinctual behaviors like mating
dances and nest building sequences.
7. Drive Theory
Drive theory aka Drive Reduction or Homeostatic theory.
This perspective views behavior as motivated by the need
to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological
needs.
This unmet need “drives” us to behave in a way that causes
the intensity of the drive to be reduced.
They work by “negative” feedback, that is one experiences
an unpleasant feeling (hunger, thirst) until you meet the
need.
8. Drive Theory Continued
The brain makes sure the body is kept in balance (
body temperature, fluid levels, energy supplies,
need for rest ).
This balance or optimal state is called
homeostasis. This is our natural state. The body
does its best to stay balanced.( hunger, thirst, sex
drive, sleep )
However, how do we account for eating disorders?
9. Incentive Theory
Incentive theory states that behavior is motivated by the
pull of external (outside ) goals such as rewards.
You come to class to get an A
You work out to get compliments
You go to work to earn money to buy a house
Are all human behaviors motivated by incentives? What do
you think?
10. Incentive Theory
Not all of human behavior has a direct reward attached
to it. For example, how about those who are motivated
to achieve just for the sake of achieving or who do
things for fun or personal growth.
What are some of the things we do for fun that don’t
have any incentive attached to them?
11. Types of Motives
Motives can be divided into three major categories
Primary Motives
Stimulus Motives
Secondary Motives
12. Types of Motives in Detail
Primary Motives are based on biological needs that
must be met for survival. They are innate like hunger,
thirst , pain avoidance, needs for air, sleep, elimination
of wastes, and regulation of body temperature.
13. Motives in Detail
Stimulus motives: express our needs for stimulation
and information. For example, activity, curiosity,
exploration, throwing parties, surf the net, reading,
hanging out with friends, emailing each other.
Imagine what your life would be like if you felt no
arousal? No stress? BORING!
14. Motives in Detail
Secondary motives: based on learned needs, drives,
and goals. Helps explain many human activities like
making music, creating a web page, trying to win a
skateboarding contest or American Idol.
These motives are related to learned needs for POWER,
AFFILIATION,(the need to be with others ), approval,
status, security, and achievement.
15. Motives
Primary Motives ( like satisfying hunger)
Stimulus Motives ( like learning computers or
dancing for fun )
Secondary motives ( motivated to do something
for fame, power, approval status)
What motives do these activities belong to?
Reading history for pleasure
Hunger
Trying out for American Idol.
17. Sensation Seekers
Sensation seeking is a trait of people who prefer high levels
of stimulation. Whether you are high or low in sensation
seeking is probably based on how your body responds to
new, unusual, or intense stimulation.
People who score high on sensation seeking tend to be
independent, bold, who value change. They report more
sexual partners than low scorers, always “looking for
thrills.”
18. Psychology Question
Please write a one page mission statement for your life.
What motivates you? What gives your life meaning and
purpose? What do you hope to accomplish with the time
that’s been given to you?
19. Sensation Seekers
Low sensation seekers are orderly, nuturant, giving,
and enjoy company of others.
Which are you?
Most people are some where in the middle of these
two extremes.
20. Need for Achievement
Need for Achievement Motivation
Motivation is a habitual desire to achieve goals through
ones efforts. The desire to excel or meet some
internalized standard of excellence
People want to do well in any situation
21. Story
David Mandel (1983) a former Nazi concentration
camp inmate, recalled how a starving “father and
son would fight over a piece of bread like dogs.”
One father, whose 20 year old son stole his bread
from under his pillow while he slept, went into a
deep depression, asking over and over again how
his son could do such a thing. The next day the
father died. “Hunger does something to you that’s
hard to describe.” Mandel explained.
22. Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow believed that people strive for a
positive view of the self to realize their own
potentials fully.
Believed these needs were innate but without a
supportive, nurturing environment, this essential
striving for full potential could not take place.
In other words, he believed we all strive to work at
our fullest potential. We all want to become “self
actualized” that is reaching and using our full
potential in our vocational and personal life.
26. Abraham Maslow
He believed a person must satisfy the needs at the
lower levels before moving on to tackle the ones at
the top.
For example, if you don’t have enough to eat, or
scared you may lose your house, you probably
won’t strive as much for personal accomplishment.
This is very difficult to test. Also some of the most
creative people have lived in poverty. Edgar Allen
Poe for example
27. Emotions
Emotion is defined as a state characterized by
physiological arousal, changes in facial expression,
gestures, posture and subjective feelings.
An example of physiological changes ( or arousal ) are
a pounding heart, sweating palms, “butterflies in the
stomach”, and other bodily reactions.
29. Lie Detectors
Do lie detectors work?
Lie detectors are called polygraphs. They record
changes in physiological arousal.
It’s not really a lie detector because critics say there is
no “lie response.”
It records general emotional arousal-it can’t tell the
difference between lying and fear, anxiety, or
excitement.
30. Lie Detectors
Some people can lie without anxiety.
David Lyken (1998) has documented many cases in
which innocent people were jailed after being
convicted on the basis of a polygraph evidence.
31. Facial Expressions
Basic expressions seem to be fairly universal
Children who are born blind express emotions the
same way sighted people do
32. Facial Feedback Hypothesis
The Facial Feedback Hypothesis states that facial
expressions can actually cause emotion! Changes in
heart rate and skin temperature
Smiling when your down may help improve mood but
its important to deal with your emotions
constructively