Personality: Meaning –Determinants of Personality: Types Theory, Trait Theory and Developmental Theory – Integrated Personality – Assessment of Personality: Projective, Non-Projective techniques and Dream Analysis.
Personality: Meaning –Determinants of Personality: Types Theory, Trait Theory and Developmental Theory – Integrated Personality – Assessment of Personality: Projective, Non-Projective techniques and Dream Analysis.
This PPT contains Unit 2 Biology of behaviour for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing students. The biology of behavior, also known as behavioral neuroscience or psychobiology, explores the relationship between biological processes and behavior. It delves into how the brain, nervous system, and other physiological factors influence behavior, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Understanding this relationship helps us comprehend various aspects of human and animal behavior.
This content is regarding body mind relationship which is part of nursing students syllabus. This topic will be useful for those who are studying psychology and other medical science subjects.
forgetfulness is very common these days. the causes can be either organic or psychological. there are numerous psychological theories behind it. The presentation will also stress upon the types of forgetting. As a remedial measure their are manyy ways by which memory power can be boosed up.
This PPT contains Unit 2 Biology of behaviour for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing students. The biology of behavior, also known as behavioral neuroscience or psychobiology, explores the relationship between biological processes and behavior. It delves into how the brain, nervous system, and other physiological factors influence behavior, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Understanding this relationship helps us comprehend various aspects of human and animal behavior.
This content is regarding body mind relationship which is part of nursing students syllabus. This topic will be useful for those who are studying psychology and other medical science subjects.
forgetfulness is very common these days. the causes can be either organic or psychological. there are numerous psychological theories behind it. The presentation will also stress upon the types of forgetting. As a remedial measure their are manyy ways by which memory power can be boosed up.
The concept of motivation focuses on explaining what ‘moves’ behavior
It was derived from a Latin word ‘movere’ meaning movement
Motivation is one of the determinants of behavior
Instincts, derives, needs, goals and incentives come under the broad cluster of motivation.
In this PPT we cover
1. What is motivation?
2. 3 components of motivation
3. Motivation Process
4. Motivation and need satisfaction
5. Characteristics of motivation
6.Types of motivations
7.Types of motivators
8. Motivation theories
-Maslow's hierarchy of needs
-Herzberg's Two Factor Theory
-McGregors X & Y Theory
- Vrooms Expectancy Theory
- Alderfer's ERG Theory
- McClleland's Learned Needs Theory
9. Motivating and Engaging Employees
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
2. MEANING & CONCEPT
• Why do a student burning midnight oil during the days
of examination?
• Why do you learn to cycle even after getting many cuts
and bruises?
• Why does an athlete gets up early in the morning and
practice in spite of odd seasons?
Motivation is the answer for all these “why” and “how”.
It is something which prompts, compels, and
energizes and individual to act or behave in a
particular fashion at a particular time for attaining
some specific goal or purpose.
3. MOTIVATION CYCLE
• There is a force behind
every motivation. These
are our basic need and
can be named as motives.
• Our needs (biological
/sociological and
psychological) give birth
to motive(a dynamic force
to motivate an individual)
and it give rise to
motivation.
• It is indicated in
motivation cycle.
4. MOTIVATION CYCLE
• The motivation functions as a continuous flow in the
shape of a cycle name as motivational cycle.
• The behaviour is initiated on account of some inherent
need. It is a desire/want/need.
• The intensified need is called drive.
• He become quite anxious for the satisfaction which
leads to arousal of actions.
• It initiates one’s behaviour to goal directed path.
• Then the organism reaches the desired goal and feel
satisfied of the need.
• The satisfaction provides temporary halt to his
behavioural activities due to reduction of arousal.
5. MOTIVATION AND LEARNING
• One can learn to the degree
or extent he is ready or
willing to learn.
• This readiness is called
motivation.
• Interest is the central factor
in every learning process.
• The motivation for learning
may be intrinsic (cognition,
affect, conation) or
extrinsic (operant
conditioning or social
conditioning).
7. TYPES OF MOTIVATION
• Natural Motivation/Intrinsic motivation: This directly
linked with natural instincts (innate pattern of behaviour
in response to certain stimuli), urges (a strong desire or
impulse), impulses (a sudden strong desire to act).
• This act finds interest within the activity. It carries own
reward and it is genuine interest.
• Unnatural or Extrinsic Motivation: In this the source of
pleasure does not lie within the task. The learning of an
individual is motivated by external reward such as an
honour, rewards etc.
• It is always better to make use of the Intrinsic motivation
as it is better and more advantageous.
8. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
The process and mechanism of motivation can be
explained in number ways such as,
•Need and drive reduction theory.
•Instinctive Theory.
•Social urges theory.
•Goal oriented theory.
•Two Factor theory.
•Reinforcement theory.
•Self Actualization theory.
9. Need and drive reduction theory.
• It is the view point of Behaviourists like
Watson, and Skinner.
• According to this theory, deviations from
homeostasis create physiological needs.
• These needs result in psychological drive
that directs behaviour to meet
the need and, ultimately, bring the system
back to homeostasis.
• A need or stimulation give birth to a drive or
motive which may be biological.
• The motive sets the motivational behaviour.
• The reduction of the need and the
associative drive then works as a reinforces
for maintaining behaviour.
10. Instinctive Theory.
• It is Freud’s view point.
• He asserted the that human beings are having two
instincts such as Eros (erotic life) and Death (desire of
destruction) and it decides our motivation.
• Both these instincts cannot act at the same time.
When Eros stops death starts Eg: Love failure: Suicide.
• He also suggests that the energy behind Eros is sexual
gratification/sex motive which every human being
experiences from birth onward.
11. Social urges theory.
• It is Adler’s view point. He rejected the extreme views of
Freud’s regarding sex.
• We feel encouraged, we feel capable and appreciated and will
generally act in a connected and cooperative way.
• When we are discouraged, we may act in unhealthy ways by
competing, withdrawing, or giving up.
• He advocated that human being are motivated primarily by
social urges.
• Adlerians believe that "a misbehaving child is a discouraged
child
• To maintain self one has to obtain social recognition. This is
achieved through domination and superiority.
• In order not to feel inferior he strives for achievement and
superiority.
•
12. Goal oriented theory.
• It is otherwise called as Cognitive view point.
• Human behaviour is purposeful with certain end or
goal in view.
• The motivational behaviour is always supported by
cognitive abilities.
• The achievement of the goal satisfies the individual
which in turn reinforces the maintained behaviour.
• We are motivated to set the imbalance right, either by
changing our beliefs (cognition) or our behaviour
(conation).
Eg. The advertisement “Smoking Kills” either help us to
quit smoking (conation)or avoid fear and continue
smoking (cognition)
13. Two Factor theory.
• According to Herzberg, two kinds of factors affect
motivation, and they do it in different ways:
• Hygiene factors. These are factors whose absence
motivates, but whose presence has no perceived
effect. They are things that when you take them away,
people become dissatisfied and act to get them back.
Eg. Good salary, benefits and interpersonal
relationships.
• Motivators. These are factors whose presence
motivates. Their absence does not cause any particular
dissatisfaction, it just fails to motivate. Examples are all
the things at the top of the Maslow hierarchy, and the
intrinsic motivators.
14. Reinforcement theory.
• This is based on Operant Conditioning B.F. Skinner.
• There are four types of Operant Conditioning:
• Positive reinforcement. Strengthening a behaviour.
You do a good job, you get a bonus & a promotion.
• Negative reinforcement. Strengthening a behaviour.
This is the process of having a stressor taken away as a
consequence of a behaviour.
• Extinction. Weakening a behaviour. If a person does
extra effort, but gets no thanks for it, he stop doing it.
• Punishment. Weakening a behaviour. This is the
process of getting a punishment as a consequence of a
behaviour.
15. Self Actualization theory.
• Abraham Maslow said
we are motivated by
needs, and all needs
are not created equal.
• We are driven to
satisfy the lower
level needs first.
16. MOTIVES
• These are the basic activation force behind
behaviour.
• A motive can be defined as an inclination to action
plus some degree of orientation.
• A motive may be defined as readiness or
disposition to respond in some ways and not
others to a variety of situations.
17. TYPES OF MOTIVES
• The motives can be broadly classified into two
categories.
A.Primary motives: they are linked with the basic
primary needs associated with the biological or
physiological well being of the individual. Eg. Hunger,
thirst, sex, avoidance of pain, elimination, sleep, rest,
etc.
B.Secondary motives: are linked with one’s socio-
psychological needs. Eg. Aggression, Achievement,
Affiliation, Security etc.
18. THIRST MOTIVE
• Need for food.
• More intensified.
• If deprived forced to do any type of act desirable or
undesirable.
• It is influenced by culture, belief, and other
psychological aspects.
• It is stronger than hunger.
• A person may do anything for thirst.
HUNGER MOTIVE
19. Sexual Motive
• Sexual motivation is one of the most
important aspects of humanity.
• Without sex, none of us would be here.
• Although not so much essential as food
and water.
• It has 4 stages such as Initial excitement,
Plateau phase, Orgasm/Euphoria and
Resolution phase:
• It is also influenced by emotional and
other factors.
• The present and history have seen
violence and wars for the satisfaction of
21. Aggression Motive
It is related to those behaviors that are intended to
inflict physical or psychological harm on others.
22. Achievement Motive
Intrinsic Motivators
• Rewards we get
internally, such as
enjoyment or satisfaction.
Extrinsic Motivators
• Reward that we get for
accomplishments from
outside ourselves (grades
or money or etc..)
• Work great in the short
run.
23. IMPLICATION FOR NURSES
• She can well understand the role of motivation in the
process of learning or training.
• The true reward lies in the inner satisfaction.
• Motives helps to modify the behaviour.
• Modify the behaviour to patients, relatives, own
colleagues, students etc.
• Can avoid or control negative motives.