Glucose transporters are integral membrane glycoproteins essential for glucose metabolism, with a primary role in glucose uptake in tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue via mechanisms like facilitated diffusion and co-transport. The GLUT family includes five members (GLUT-1 to GLUT-5), with GLUT-4 being influenced by insulin to enhance glucose entry into cells, while SGLUT-1 and SGLUT-2 facilitate glucose transport in the intestine and kidneys, respectively. Understanding these transporters is crucial for addressing diseases related to glucose metabolism, such as diabetes and malabsorption disorders.

1. GLUCOSE
TRANSPORTERS

2. INTRODUCTION
Glucose transporters are integral membrane glycoprotiens
with molecular masses of about 50,000 Daltons, and each
has 12 membrane-spanning alpha-helical domains.
Transporter exposes a single substrate binding site
toward either the outside or the inside of the cell.
Binding of glucose to one site provokes a conformational
change associated with tranpory, and releases glucose to
the other side of the membrane.

3. GLUCOSETRANSPORT
Glucose is an important fuel for contracting muscle, and normal glucose
metabolism is vital for health.
Glucose enters muscle cell via facilitated diffusion through the GLUT4 glucose.
The glucose transport family comprises five members, named GLUT-1 to
GLUT 5.
Secondary active transport is the mechanism of sodium glucose cotransport
across the membranous barrier against concentration gradient of glucose.

5. GLUT-4
It is abundant in
skeletal muscle and
adipose tissue.
Insulin increases the
number and activity of
GLUT-4, thereby
promoting entry of
glucose in those
tissues.
NOTE: Insulin is not
required for glucose
uptake by some tissues
such as liver, brain and
red blood cells.

8. SODIUM DEPENDENT GLUCOSE TRANPORT-1
• SGluT-1 Absorption from intestinal lumen into
intestinal cell is by co-transport mechanism
(secondary active transport).
• A membrane bound carrier protein is involved,
which carries glucose, along with sodium.
• This sodium is later expelled by sodium pump
with utilization of energy. So energy is needed
indirectly.
• The transporter in intestine is named by SGluT-1.
• Involved in glucose-galactose malabsorption.

9. SODIUM DEPENDENT
GLUCOSE TRANSPORT-2
• Transporter in kidney is called
SGluT-2.
• The SGluT-2 is defective in
congenital renal glycosuria.

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