glycogenesis

1. BIOCHEMISTARY
PROJECT
TOPICS : GLYCOGENESIS
SUBMITTED BY : HARIOM
GOUR

2. The synthesis of glycogen from glucose is
called glycogenesis.
Glycogenesis take place in the cytosol
and requires ATP and UTP.
It is stored mainly in liver and muscle.
The liver content of glycogen is greater
than that of muscle.

3. Small amount of glycogen are also present
in other tissue like RBC, WBC, Kidney and
Brain.
Uterus also store glycogen during
pregnancy to nourish the embryo.
 Glycogen is the form energy storage in
the body.
They also know as animal starch.
Glycogen is multi branched polysaccharide
of glucose.

4.  Since the muscle mass of the body is
considerably greater than that of the liver, about
three-quarters of total body glycogen is in
muscle.
 Glycogen is present in the cytosol in the form of
granules ranging in diameter from 10 to 40 nm.

5. • Glucose unit linked by linearly by alpha (1-4)
Glycosidic bonds from one glucose to the next.
• Branches are linked to the chains from which they
are branching off alpha(1-6)glycosidic bonds
between the 1st glucose of the new branch and a
glucose on the stem chain.
• In glycogen, the branches occur at intervals of 8-10
glucose units

6.  The main function of glycogen is as secondary
long-term energy storage molecules.
 The function of liver glycogen is to maintain the
blood glucose level, particularly between meals.
 Liver glycogen stores increase in a well-fed state
which are depleted during fasting.
 Muscle glycogen serves as a fuel reserve for the
supply of ATP during muscle contraction.

8. 1.Glycogenesis 2.Glycogenolysis

9. Activation
Initiation
Elongation
Glycogen Branching

10. Glucose is converted into glucose-6-phosphate by the action
of enzyme glucokinase (liver) or hexokinase(muscles), with
conversion of ATP to ADP.

11. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted into glucose-1-
phosphate by the action of enzyme phosphoglucomutase.

12. •Glucose 1-phosphate reacts with uridine triphosphate (UTP) to
form the active nucleotide uridine diphosphate glucose
(UDPGlc) and pyrophosphate.
• The reaction is catalyzed by UDP Glc pyrophosphorylase.

13. •UDP-glucose, the glucose donor in the biosynthesis of glycogen, is an
activated form of glucose.
• Synthesis of glycogen from glucose is carried out by the enzyme glycogen
synthase.
• This enzyme utilizes UDP-glucose as one substrate and the non-reducing
end of glycogen as another.

14.  Glucose+ATP glucose-1-phosphate+ADP
 Glucose-6phosphate glucose-1-phosphate
 Glucose-1-phosphate+UTP UDP-glucose+PPi
 PPi + H2O 2Pi
 UDP-glucose+(glycogen)n (glycogen)n+1+UDP
 UDP+ATP UTP+ ADP
Thus, two ATP is utilized, one is required for
the phosphorylation of glucose while the other is
needed for conversion of UDP to UTP.

15. Von gierke disease
Pompe disease
Cori’s disease
Her’s disease