This lecture contains the detail of isometric projections of an object. This will improve your skills to draw isometric views which is the major part of engineering drawings.
This lecture contains the detail of isometric projections of an object. This will improve your skills to draw isometric views which is the major part of engineering drawings.
this is an essential originally power point created notes in section view of engineering graphics and drawing hope you enjoy this and take its benefits....
Application and development trend of flue gas desulfurization (fgd) process a...hunypink
In 1927, the limestone desulfurization process was first applied in the Barthes and Bansside Power Plants (total
120MW) beside the Thames River in UK to protect high-rise building in London. Up to now, over 10 desulfurization processes have been launched and applied. Based on the desulfurizing agent being used, there include calcium process (limestone/lime), ammonia process, magnesium process, sodium process, alkali alumina process, copper oxide/zinc process, active carbon process, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate process, etc. The calcium process is commercially available and widely used in the world, i.e. more than 90%. Flue gas desulfurization processes, survey made by the coal research institute under the International Energy Agency shows that the wet-process desulfurization accounts for 85% of total installed capacity of flue gas desulfurization units across the world. The wet-process desulfurization is mainly applied in countries, like Japan (98%), USA (92%), Germany (90%), etc. The limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization process, the most mature technology, the most applications, the most reliable operation in the world, may have rate of desulfurization of more than 90%. Currently, the flue gas desulfurization technology used at thermal power plants at home and abroad tends to be higher rate of desulfurization, bigger installed capacity, more advanced technology, lower investment, less land acquisition, lower operation cost, higher level of automation, more excellent reliability, etc. This paper briefs current situations and trends of flue gas desulfurization technology also append short descript of different type of FDG and their category.
In parallel projection, coordinate positions are
transformed to the view plane along parallel lines.
In perspective projection, object position are
transformed to the view plane along lines that
converge to a point called projection reference point
(center of projection)
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 2
Auxiliary View
An auxiliary view is an orthographic view taken in
such a manner that the lines of sight are not parallel
to the principal projection planes (frontal, horizontal,
or profile). There are an infinite number of possible
auxiliary views of any given object.
Principal faces of the object are not parallel to PP
planes.
3. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 3
Why Auxiliary View?
• Inclined planes and oblique
lines do not appear true
length or true size in any of
the principle planes of
projection
• To determine the true
length of an oblique line or
the true size of an inclined
plane, an auxiliary view
must be created.
• The auxiliary view shows
the true shape and size of
circular shapes.
4. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 4
Steps of Drawing
1. Select the face that is to be drawn as
i) a true surface,
ii) a true length line,
iii) an end view of a line.
5. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 5
Steps of Drawing
2. Draw construction lines perpendicular to the
surface/line/point of interest. This line
should go in a direction, and far enough
that leaves enough space for the view.
6. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 6
Steps of Drawing
3. Draw a folding line at an appropriate
distance. This will act as a reference
plane.
7. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 7
Steps of Drawing
4. Transfer distances from another view
(adjacent view). This view will typically be
the view adjoining the view that the auxiliary
is drawn from.
8. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 8
Steps of Drawing
5. Complete the view. Draw visible and hidden
lines as seen from the direction of
projection lines.
9. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 9
Example 2
1. Draw two orthographic views and assume
a direction of sight for auxiliary view.
10. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 10
Steps of Drawing
2. Draw construction lines parallel to the
arrow.
11. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 11
Steps of Drawing
3. Assume reference plane coinciding with
back surface. Draw reference plane (edge
view) in the top view and auxiliary view.
12. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 12
Steps of Drawing
4. Draw auxiliary view of surface A. Transfer
depth measurements from top view.
13. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 13
Steps of Drawing
5. Complete the view by adding other visible
edges and objects.
15. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 15
Classification of Auxiliary Views
• Auxiliary views are classified according to
the principal dimension of the object
shown in the view.
1. Depth/Front auxiliary view
2. Height/Top auxiliary view
3. Width/Side auxiliary view
16. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 16
Depth Auxiliary View
Any auxiliary view projected from the ‘elevation’ showing depth
of object
Elevation is the adjacent view, Plan and Side-View are
alternative views
Direction of sight
17. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 17
Height Auxiliary View
Any auxiliary view projected from the plan showing height of
object
Plan is adjacent view, Side-View and Elevation are
alternative views
Direction of sight
18. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 18
Width Auxiliary View
Any auxiliary view projected from the side-view showing width of
object
Side-View is adjacent view, Plan and Elevation are alternative
views
Direction of sight
19. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 19
Notes
• An auxiliary view is an orthographic view taken on
planes other than principal projection (PP) planes
(frontal, horizontal, or profile).
• Principal dimension shown in auxiliary view is not
shown in the adjacent view from which auxiliary
view is projected.
• A primary auxiliary view is projected on the plane
perpendicular to one PP plane and inclined to
other 2 PP planes.
• A secondary auxiliary view is projected from
primary auxiliary views.
20. Lecture 4 Thursday 3 November 2016 20
Other Auxiliary Views
• Any auxiliary view projected from the
primary auxiliary view is secondary
auxiliary view
