Chapter 03-orthographic-projection by Zaryab Rid
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This document provides an overview of orthographic projection and multiview drawings. It discusses representing objects with views from different angles, including front, top, and side views. Guidelines are provided for visually distinguishing different line types such as visible, hidden, and center lines in technical drawings. Object features like edges, corners, and surfaces are described along with how they appear in orthographic projections.
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This document discusses orthographic projection and multiview projection techniques. It covers topics such as object representation, line conventions, and projecting points, lines, planes and whole objects. Different projection methods are described including parallel, oblique orthographic, and axonometric projections. Guidelines for hidden lines, center lines and other line conventions in multiview drawings are also provided.
Chapter 03 Orthographic Projection.ppt
This document discusses orthographic projection and multiview projection techniques. It covers projecting points, lines, planes and full objects onto a picture plane from different angles. Key aspects covered include the glass box concept, line conventions regarding visible, hidden and center lines, and correctly projecting object features like edges, corners and surfaces in different views. Multiview projection involves revolving the object or moving the observer to generate front, top, side and other views to fully represent the 3D object.
Chapter 03 orthographic projection
This document discusses orthographic projection and multiview projection techniques. It covers topics such as object representation, line conventions, and projecting points, lines, planes and objects. Different projection methods are described including parallel, oblique orthographic, and axonometric projections. Guidelines for visible, hidden and center lines are provided.
Chapter 03 orthographic projection
This document discusses orthographic projection and multiview projection techniques. It covers topics such as object representation, line conventions, and projecting points, lines, planes and objects. Specifically, it explains how to obtain multiview representations of an object by revolving the object or moving the observer around it. It also describes techniques for projecting object features and maintaining proper line conventions regarding visible, hidden and center lines.
Unit-E---Multiview-Drawing--Powerpoint (1).ppt
The document discusses the principles and techniques of multiview drawing and orthographic projection. It explains that multiview drawing, also known as orthographic projection, involves visualizing an object and drawing multiple views of it. The common views are the front, top, and right side views. Dimensions are shown and hidden lines are indicated with dashed lines. The positioning and layout of the views follows specific guidelines to ensure clarity and accuracy of the drawing. Details such as holes, edges, and surfaces are drawn according to rules about how they appear in different views depending on their orientation to the planes of projection.
Engineering drawing chapter 03 orthographic projection.
This document provides an overview of orthographic projection and multiview drawings. It discusses the purpose of multiview drawings in graphically representing 3D objects in 2D. Key concepts covered include projection planes, lines of sight, and different types of projections. The document also examines how an object's features like edges and surfaces are identified and projected in different views. Examples of multiview drawings are provided to illustrate these concepts. Guidelines for line conventions in hidden line and center line drawings are also presented.
Dimensioning
The document describes various techniques for technical drawing, including copying segments and angles, bisecting segments and angles, and different types of projection. It discusses orthographic projection, which uses parallel lines of sight perpendicular to the projection plane. Orthographic projection can be used to create multiview drawings showing objects in two dimensions from different angles or axonometric drawings showing three dimensions in a single view. The document also covers topics like drawing standards, scales, line types including visible, hidden and center lines, and their conventions.
Dimensioning
The document describes various techniques for technical drawing, including copying segments and angles, bisecting segments and angles, and different types of projection. It discusses orthographic projection, which uses parallel lines of sight perpendicular to the projection plane to represent 3D objects in 2D views. Multiview projection shows the object through multiple views, while axonometric projection shows three dimensions in a single view, though with some distortion of angles and sizes. Hidden and center lines are also covered.
TECHNICAL DRAFTING: ALPHABET OF LINES.pptx
The document discusses the alphabet of lines used in technical drawings. It defines 11 types of lines: 1) object or visible lines, 2) construction lines, 3) dimension lines, 4) hidden lines, 5) center lines, 6) extension lines, 7) cutting plane lines, 8) short and long break lines, 9) leader lines, 10) phantom lines, and 11) section lines. It provides examples of how different line types would be used to draw geometric shapes like a pyramid, circle, cube, and cylinder.
alphabet_of_lines TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD E GRADE 8
The document introduces the alphabet of lines used in technical drawings according to ASME standards. It explains that different line types represent different aspects of an object, such as visible edges, hidden lines, centers, dimensions, breaks, and sections. It provides details on drawing conventions for over 15 specific line types, including how they are drawn, what they represent, and the order of overlap if lines cross. The document serves as an introduction for drafting techniques and the meaning of various line types.
CHAPTER 3. MULTI-VIEW DRAWING (2).pptx
This document provides an overview of multi-view drawing concepts including:
1. It describes the first angle and third angle projection systems used to project views onto principal planes.
2. Guidelines are given for selecting appropriate views such as the front, top, and side views to fully represent an object.
3. Advice is provided on laying out multi-view drawings on a sheet, including spacing of views and orientation of projection lines.
4. Key aspects of multi-view drawings like hidden lines, center lines, and projecting curved surfaces are covered. Examples of applying these concepts are also included.
CHAPTER 3. MULTI-VIEW DRAWING 1.pptx
This document provides information on multi-view drawing including the system of projection, choice of views, one view, two view and three view drawings, laying out drawings, and line conventions. It discusses first angle and third angle projection systems. It describes principal planes, common views used in multi-view drawings, and steps for selecting views. It also covers topics such as projecting curves, inclined surfaces, oblique surfaces, intersections, and tangencies. Examples of applying these concepts to draw three-view projections of objects from pictorial drawings are also included.
CHAPTER 3. MULTI-VIEW DRAWING (2).pptx
This document provides an overview of multi-view drawing concepts including:
1. It describes the first angle and third angle projection systems used to project views onto principal planes.
2. Guidelines are given for selecting appropriate views such as the front, top, and side views to fully represent an object.
3. Advice is provided on laying out multi-view drawings on a sheet, including spacing of views and orientation of projection lines.
4. Key aspects of multi-view drawings like hidden lines, center lines, and projecting curved surfaces are covered. Examples of applying these concepts are also included.
Chapter 1
Conventional practices for orthographic and sectional views aim to improve drawing clarity, facilitate dimensioning, reduce drafting effort, and efficiently use drawing space. Some key conventions include using incomplete views, aligning symmetrical features between views, omitting section lines for certain features, and using broken sections, offset sections, and aligned sections to better represent complex geometries.
Perspective Drawings.ppt
The document discusses perspective drawing techniques used in civil engineering drawings. It begins by explaining that perspective drawings use central projection to represent how objects appear smaller and closer together the further they are from the observer's eye, making them more realistic than other pictorial drawings. It then describes the key elements of a perspective drawing including the observer's eye or station point, the object, the plane of projection, and lines of sight. It explains how parallel lines converge at vanishing points on the horizon line. Finally, it provides step-by-step instructions for creating one-point and two-point perspective drawings.
14773 chapter 07
Orthographic projections are a method for conveying the shape and size of engineered objects using 2D drawings. They involve taking views of an object from the front, top, and side with parallel projecting rays. Lines and areas in the views represent edges, surfaces, and intersections between surfaces of the 3D object. Sectional views use a cutting plane to reveal internal features that would otherwise be hidden. They distinguish cut areas, which are hatched, from open areas cut through by the sectioning plane. Orthographic projections and sections effectively communicate 3D geometric information through 2D drawings.
Pp chapter 5
This document discusses technical sketching and multiview projections. It begins by explaining the basic principles behind projections, including the relationship between an object, observer, projection plane, and projectors. It then covers different types of projections like perspective, parallel, and orthographic. The document also discusses how to create multiview projections using a "glass box" method, which involves projecting views of an object onto planes that form a box. It explains how to unfold these planes onto a flat surface and align the views. Guidelines are provided for technical sketching techniques and conventions like hidden lines.
Draw 111- mechanical drawing and orthographic drawing
This document provides information and instructions for creating mechanical drawings using orthographic projection. It begins by describing how to properly set up drawing tools, materials, and work space. It then explains the different types of lines used in drawings based on weight, construction, and meaning. The document outlines the principles of orthographic projection including the three standard views of front, top, and side. It provides details on how to construct each view by using construction lines and projecting geometric features between the views based on set principles. Sample exercises are included to demonstrate constructing multi-view orthographic drawings from given sketches.
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alphabet_of_lines TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD E GRADE 8
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Chapter 03-orthographic-projection by Zaryab Rid
- 2. TOPICS Object representation Glass box concept Line convention Orthographic projection of point, line, plane, surface and object. Multiview projection
- 3. OBJECT REPRESENTATION Axonometric projection Multiview projection
- 4. MULTIVIEW PROJECTION Three principle dimensions of an object … Width Depth Height Width Height Depth Depth … can be presented only two in each view. Adjacent view(s) is needed to fulfill the size description.
- 5. 1. Revolve the object with respect to observer. TO OBTAIN MULTIVIEW REPRESENTATION OF AN OBJECT 2. The observer move around the object.
- 6. REVOLVE THE OBJECT Front view Right side view Top view
- 7. OBSERVER MOVE AROUND Front view Right side view Top view
- 8. THE GLASS BOX CONCEPT Bottom view Left side view Rear view
- 11. OBJECT FEATURES Edges are lines that represent the boundary between two faces. Corners Represent the intersection of two or more edges. Edge Corner Edge No edge No corner No corner
- 12. Surfaces are areas that are bounded by edges or limiting element. Limiting element is a line that represents the last visible part of the curve surface. Surface Surface Surface Limit Limit OBJECT FEATURES
- 14. A B AF BF BR AR AT BT BR AR AF BF AT BT True length NORMAL LINE True lengthPoint Equal length PROJECTION OF LINE
- 15. A B AF BF BR AR AT BT INCLINED LINE Foreshortened BR AR AF BF Foreshortened AT BT True length A Equal length PROJECTION OF LINE
- 17. B C A PROJECTION OF PLANE BF AF,CF CRAR,BR AT CT NORMAL PLANE Equal length Edge Edge True size CR AR,BR AF,CF BF AT BT CT BT
- 20. PROJECTION OF OBJECT The views are obtained by projecting all object features to the picture plane. You have to project the remaining surfaces which are invisible too ! You have to project the remaining surfaces which are invisible too !
- 23. Line Convention
- 24. LINE CONVENTION Precedence of coincide lines. Hidden line drawing. Center line drawing.
- 25. PRECEDENCE OF LINE Visible line Visible line Order of importance Hidden line Hidden line Center line Center line
- 26. HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE Hidden line should join a visible line, except it extended from the visible line. Correct No ! Join Leave space
- 27. Correct No ! Hidden line should join a visible line, except it extended from the visible line. Leave space Leave space HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE
- 28. Hidden line should intersect to form L and T corners. Correct No ! L T HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE
- 29. Hidden arcs should start on a center line. HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE
- 30. CENTER LINE PRACTICE In circular view, short dash should cross at the intersections of center line. For small hole, center line is presented as thin continuous line. Center line should not extend between views. Leave space Leave space
- 31. Leave the gap when centerline forms a continuation with a visible or hidden line Leave space Leave space Leave space Leave space Center line should always start and end with long dash. CENTER LINE PRACTICE