1. Doors and windows provide access, ventilation, light, noise control and aesthetic screening. Doors connect rooms and buildings. 2. Doors and windows should be located for functional requirements while minimizing numbers. Doors preferably face corners at least 20cm away. Multiple doors face each other. 3. Floors provide walking surfaces and accommodate users at different levels. Subfloors support floor coverings like tiles, concrete, wood or terrazzo for durability and appearance. Upper floors are constructed above ground level using timber, precast concrete, jack arches or reinforced concrete.

1. PRESENTATION TOPIC

2. 1- DOOR

3. Functions:
1. They admit ventilation and light.
2. Controls the physical atmosphere within a
space by enclosing it, excluding air drafts, so
that interiors may be more effectively heated
or cooled.
3. They act as a barrier to noise.
4. Used to screen areas of a building for
aesthetic purposes, keeping formal and utility
areas separate.
A door is a moveable barrier secured in a wall
opening. It is provided to give access to the inside of
a room of a building. It is connection portion of
between two buildings or a room
DOOR

4. Location of door in a building
 Location of door in a building
 The number should be kept as minimum.
 It should meet the functional requirement.
 It should preferably be located at the
corner of the room, nearly 20 cm from
corner.
 If in a room, more than 2 doors are there,
they shall be located facing each other.

5. COMPONENTS OF DOOR

7. MATERIAL USED :
Materials used for door frames :
Timber Steel Aluminium Concrete Stone
TYPES OF DOOR

17. 1- WINDOW

18. WINDOW:
 An opening in the wall or roof of a
building or vehicle, fitted with glass in
a frame to admit light or air and allow
people to see out.
 Window is also a vented barrier
secured in a wall opening.

19. LOCATION OF
WINDOW
 Windows should be located opposite
to each other or opposite to door,
wherever possible.
 The sill of a window should be located
about 70 to 80 cm about floor level of
the room.

20. FORMATION OF
WINDOWS
Windows are generally made of
 Timber
 Plywood
 Wire gauge
 Framework of steel
 etc

21. TYPES OF WINDOWS
Windows are generally classified into the following
main types ,
1. Casement Windows
2. Casement Windows with fan light
3. Corner windows
4. Bay windows
5. Dormer windows
6. Lantern windows
7. Clerestory window and ventilators
8. Sky light.

22. Casement windows
 A casement window to its frame
by one or more hinges. They are
used singly or in pairs within a
common frame.
 This type of windows are
consists of a frame and shutters
composed of vertical and
horizontal sash bars , styles, top
and bottom rails .
 Its frame is made and fixed in
the wall in the same manner as
the door frame.
 Such windows are provided for
admission of light and air in a
room.
 Shutters of windows may open
inward or outward.
 A casement window may be full
paneled and partly glazed.

23. casement windows with fan
light
 The integral part of a window at
its top, meant for more light and
ventilation of the room is known
as fan light windows.
 It also economies the
construction as it saves one lintel
because in general two lintels are
provided one at the top of the
door or window opening and the
other at top of the ventilator .
 It is semi circular or semi
elliptical in shape.

24. Corner window
 The windows
provided at the
corner of a building
is called corner
window.
 This is an ordinary
window provided
for entrance of
more light and air
in a room.

25. Bay windows
 The window which
projects outside the
room of a building is
called bay window.
 They may be
triangular, circular,
rectangular or
polygonal in. plan

26. Lantern windows
 The window provided in
the flat roof of a room in
which natural light from
ordinary windows cannot
be achieved is called
Lantern Window.
 This type of window
projects above the normal
roof of the surface of the
roof.
 This windows are
provided for admitting light
to passages or inner
rooms of a building.

27. Dormer windows
 A dormer window is a
vertical window
provided on the
sloping ground.
 This type of window
provides ventilation
and lightening to the
enclosed space below
the roof and at the
same time very much
improve appearance
of a building

28. Clerestory window and
ventilator
 The ventilators are
provided in a wall under
the roof but above the
adjoining verandah of a
room is called a
Clerestorey Window.
 When there is no
adjoining verandah, the
arrangements made near
the roof level for natural
ventilation and entrance of
light in a room are called
Ventilators.

29. Sky light
 The window provided
in the sloped roof with
its top parallel to the
roof surface is called a
sky.
 This window is
provided for
ventilation and
admitting light from a
pitched or sloped roof.

30. 2- FLOOR

31. FLOORS
 A floor is the walking
surface of a room or
vehicle
 A surface provided for
accommodation to its
users to live at
different levels in any
building.
 Floor consists two
components
sub floor and floor
covering

32. Sub Floor
 The lower portion of a
floor structure
consisting of beams,
slabs rammed earth
etc. provide necessary
support to the floor
covering is known as
sub floor.

33. Floor covering
 The upper portion of
any floor having
topping with
finishing material so
as to have clean ,
smooth and durable
surface.

34. Ground Floor
 The floors constructed at plinth level of different
buildings are called ground floor
 The various material used in floor covering of ground
floor are
1. Murum or mud flooring
2. Brick Flooring
3. Tile flooring
4. Flag stone flooring
5. Cement Concrete flooring
6. Terrazzo flooring
7. Glass flooring

35. Murum or Mud flooring
 The finish of a ground floor having its
topping consisting of murum or mud is
called a murum or mud flooring.

36. Brick and tile flooring
The flooring having its topping
consisting of bricks is known
as brick flooring.
The flooring having its topping
consisting of tiles is known as
tiles flooring.
.

37. Flag Stone and cement concrete
flooring
Stone slab should not more
than 0.75m in less than 350mm
in width and 38mm in thickness
The floor topping consists of
cement concrete is called a
cement cements concrete
flooring

38. Terrazzo flooring and Glass
flooring
Terrazzo flooring is suitable for
most modern residential, office
and religious building.
In this flooring the structural
glasses are available in the form
of tiles or slab of 6 to 15mm
thickness.

39. Upper Floor
 All the floors constructed above the level of
ground floor except the terrace or roof of a
building are called upper floors.
 Types of upper floor is
 Timber floor
 Precast concrete slab floors
 Jack arch floors
 R.C.C floors

40. Timber and pre cast slab
floors
The floors having their topping along
with their structural supports consisting
of timber are known as timber
The floors having their topping
consisting of flag stones supported on
steel joists and flat stone is called
precast concrete slab floors.

41. Jack arch floor and R.C.C floor
The floors having their topping supported
on jack arches resting on the bottom
flanges of steel joists are known as jack
arch floors.
The floors having their topping supported
on R.C.C structure member such as
beams, slab are known as R.C.C floor

42. Pre cast concrete Floor
 R.C.C floors constructed of precast
concrete unit like floor slabs, beams,
slab of the design depth are known as
precast concrete floor.

43. Floor finishes
 To give pleasing appearance
 To give non slippery, noiseless surface
 To have good resistance to fire
 FLOOR FINISHES MATERIAL:
 Linoleum , rubber, cement, tiles etc..

44. 3- LINTEL

45. ,
LINTEL
A lintel is a building structural
member which is used above and
across the top of the frame of
window or door for instance. It
supports the weight of the structure
above the openings by transferring
the weight to the side supports
(usually part of the wall). Lintels
permit the installation of windows,
doors. Lintels may be wooden
beams, steel beams, or a
combination of wood and steel plate
bolted through so as to provide both
strength and a nailing medium for
finishing the wall.