This document provides information on doors and windows. It discusses the components and types of doors, including battened, framed, panelled, and metal doors. It also covers the components and types of windows, such as fixed, casement, sash, bay and dormer windows. The document emphasizes the importance of properly installing door and window frames so they open flat against the wall.

1. A PRESENTATION ON
DOORS & WINDOWS
By Er. PARTEEK SINGLA
B.Tech(CE)
BABA FARID COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY

2. Doors may be defined as an openable
barrier secured in a wall opening. It is
provided to give an access to inside of a
room.
It consists of two parts:-
1. Door frame
2. Door shutter

3. A WINDOW is also a vented barrier
secured in a wall opening. The function
of the window is to admit light and air to
the building and to give a view to the
outside.
WINDOW consists of two parts:-
1. Window frame
2. Window shutter

4. SOME TECHNICAL TERMS
FRAME:- It is an assembly of
horizontal and vertical
members, forming an enclosure,to
which the shutters are fixed
SHUTERS:-These are the openable
parts of a door or window.
HEAD:-This is the top or uppermost
horizontal part of frame

5. SILL:-This is the lowest or
bottom horizontal part of a
window frame, not provided
in door frames.
HORN:- These are the
horizontal projections of a
frame..
REBATE :- It is the
depression or recess made
inside the door frame to
receive the door shutter.

6.  The number of should be kept minimum
 The location of door & window should meet functional
requirements of the room.
 The door should not be kept in the centre of the wall.
 The window should be located in opposite wall, facing
a door or another window, to achieve cross ventilation.
 From the point of view of fresh air, a window should be
located on the northern side of of a room.
 The sill should be located about 70 t0 80 cm about
floor level of the room.

7. Types of doors mainly classified on the basis of-
 Arrangement of components
 Method or menner of construction
 Working operations
 Metal doors

8. This includes four types:-
1. Battened & ledged doors
2. Battened, ledged and braced doors
3. Battened, ledged and framed doors
4. Battened, ledged,braced and framed doors

9. Battened & ledged doors
 These doors consist of
vertical boards called
battens which are nailed
or screwed to the
horizontal members,
called ledges . Often the
battens are a-bout 15 to 18
cm wide and 2 to 3 cm
thick. Doors made with
narrow battens like these
have a better appearance.

10. Battened, ledged and braced doors
 This is a ledged and battened
door to which braces have
been added to prevent
sagging. These braces must
slope upwards from the hinge
edge of the door, and they are
housed with a skew notch
into the ledges.

11. Battened, Ledged & Framed Doors
 It is improved version of
battened and ledged
doors with provision of
frame. Two vertical
members known as
styles are provided

12. Battened, Ledged , Braced &
Framed Doors
 Same as above with extra
braces.

13. Framed & Panelled Door
 These doors consist of a frame
made up of stiles (a), a top rail
(b), a bottom rail (c) and
sometimes an intermediate rail
(d). into this framework a
plywood panel (e) is fitted. This
panel may fit into a groove or a
rebate.

14. Glazed or Sash Doors
 These are provided where
the visibility of the
interior of the room is
required.

15. Flush Doors
 The flush door with a
framed core is a type of door
that we frequently make in
Rural Building. This door
consists of a frame which has
stiles, top and bottom rails,
and narrow intermediate
rails. It is covered on each
side by a sheet of plywood
Plywood-covered flush
doors cannot be used where
they will be exposed to rain
and sun.

16. Louvered Doors
 These permit free
ventilation through them
and at the same time
maintain the privacy of
the room.

17. Wire gauged doors
Wire gauge or fly proof
door shutters are fixed to
provide free air
circulation and prevent
mosquitoes, flies, insect
s etc. from entering into
the building.

18. Revolving Doors
 These are provided
only at public places
to provide entrance to
one and exit to the
other person.

19. Sliding Doors
 A sliding door is a type of
door which opens
horizontally by
sliding, whereby the door is
either mounted on or
suspended from a track

20. Swing Doors
 A door that swings on a
double hinge; opens in
either direction

21. Collapsible Steel Doors
 Mainly provided in
godowns, workshop, public
windows and etc.

22. Rolling Steel Shutter Door
 A roller shutter, roller door or
sectional overhead door is a type
of door or window shutter
consisting of many horizontal slat
hinged together. The door is raised
to open it and lowered to close it.
On large doors, the action may be
motorized. It provides protection
against wind and rain.

23. Mild Steel Sheet Door
 Mainly provided in
godowns, workshop, public
windows and etc. It is quite
strong.

24. Corrugated Steel Doors
 Exactly same as the above
type, except that corrugated steel
sheets are welded to shutter
frame instead of MI sheets.

25. Hollow Metal Doors
 Appearance as wooden
door but have more
strength.

26. Metal Covered Plywood Door
 These are composite doors of
plywood and mild steel and are
reasonably fire proof.

27. Windows
 A window is comprised of two parts:-
1. Window Frame
2. Sashes or Shutter Frame

28. Fixed windows
A window that cannot be
opened, whose function is
limited to allowing light to
enter. This type of window
is used in situations where
light or vision alone is
needed as no ventilation is
possible through fixed
windows

29. Pivoted Window
 A window having a section
which is pivoted near the
center so that the top of the
section swings in and the
bottom swings out.

30. Double hung windows
 A window with two parts
that overlap slightly and
slide up and down inside
the frame. The two parts are
not necessarily the same
size.

31. Sliding Windows
Their shutters move either
horizontally or vertically.

32. Casement Window
 A casement window to its
frame by one or more
hinges.. They are used singly
or in pairs within a common
frame.

33. Sash Window
 A sash window or hung
sash window is made of
one or more movable
panels or "sashes" that
form a frame to hold
panes of glass, which are
often separated from
other panes (or "lights")
by narrow muntins

34. Louvred Window
 A louver is a window, blind
with horizontal slats that are
angled to admit light and
air, but to keep out
rain, direct sunshine, and
noise. The angle of the slats
may be adjustable, usually in
blinds and windows, or fixed.

35. Metal Windows
 Metal windows, made up of
mild steel having lesser cost
and more strength.

36. Bay Window
 A multi-panel window,
with at least three panels
set at different angles to
create a protrusion from
the wall line.

37. Clere Storey Window
 These are provided in a
room which has greater
ceiling height than the
surrounding rooms

38. Corner Window
 This type of window has
two faces in perpendicular
directions and these are
provided in the corner of
room.

39. Dormer window
 Dormer window is a window
provided on the sloping roof
as shown in fig.

40. Gable Window
 It is a vertical window
provided in the gable end
of a pitched roof.

41. Lantern Window
 Such windows are
provided over the
flat roof, to provide
more light and air to
the inner room. The
windows project
above the roof level.

42. Ventilators
 Ventilators are small
windows, fixed at a greater
height than the
window, generally about 30 t0
50 cm below roof level.

43. INSTALLING DOOR FRAMES
Frames which are improperly built-in can cause
problems later, when the plastering is done or the
doors are hung. Therefore we must give special
attention to setting the frames properly.
A door frame should be fixed in such a way that the
door can open flat to the wall. Otherwise, the door will
form a lever to the frame, and the hinges will be forced
out when the door swings wide open suddenly.
Door frames can be fixed in position either during the
masonry construction or after the walling has been
completed.

44. INSTALLING WINDOW FRAMES
Installing window frames is similar to installing door
frames (see Door Frames section). A window frame
should be fixed in such a way that the casement can
open flat to the wall, otherwise the casement will
forui a lever with the edge of the wall. This can cause
the hinges to be forced out when the window is blown
open by the wind.
Window frames can be installed either during the
construction of the walls, or after the walling has been
completed.