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Floors
This document provides an overview of different types of flooring materials and their characteristics. It discusses traditional flooring materials like mud, brick, stone and wooden flooring. It also covers modern materials like cement concrete, terrazzo, tile, marble, vinyl and glass flooring. For each type, it provides details on their composition, construction process, advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses different structural systems for reinforced concrete floors like simple slab, beam-slab and flat slab flooring, as well as pre-cast concrete floors.
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Floors
- 1. BY RIMPI BARO LECTURER, CIVILENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PANDIT DEENDAYAL PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY, GANDHINAGAR BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION FLOORING
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Floors arehorizontal elements of building structures which divide building into different levels for the purpose of creating more accommodation with in the restricted space, one above the other and also provide support to the occupants, furniture and equipment of a building.
- 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF AGOOD FLOORING • It should be durable • It should be easy to clean • Noiseless • Have Good Appearance • Free from dampness • Fire Resistant • Low Maintenance cost
- 4. Components of aFloor The floor system divided into two sections: I. Sub-floor or Base course (Floor base) II. Floor covering or Flooring The Floors supported directly on the ground are known as Solid floors.
- 5. Components of aFloor The floors supported above the ground level is known as Suspended floors.
- 6. TYPES OF FLOORING •Mud flooring • Brick flooring • Stone flooring • Cement Concrete flooring • Terrazzo or Mosaic flooring • Marble flooring • Tile flooring • Wooden flooring
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- 8. Mud flooring • Cheap,hard, fairly impervious, easy to construct • Used in low cost housings • Good thermal insulation property; remains cool in summer and warm in winter • Method : Over a well prepared ground, a 25 cm thick selected moist earth is spread and rammed to get a thickness of 15 cm; Small quantity of chopped straw is mixed in moist earth to prevent cracks; cow dung is also mixed
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- 10. Brick flooring • Subgradeis compacted properly; 10-15 cm of lean cement concrete (1:8:16) or lime concrete is laid over subgrade - base course • Bricks are laid on 12 mm thick mortar bed; all joints are full with mortar • Properly cured.
- 11. BASKET WEAVEBASKET WEAVEHERRINGBONEHERRINGBONERUNNINGBONDRUNNING BOND RUNNING ANIXED STACKRUNNING ANIXED STACK STACK BONDSTACK BOND PIN WHEELPIN WHEEL PATTERNS FOR BRICK FLOORING
- 12. RUNNING BONDRUNNING BONDPIN WHEELPIN WHEEL HERRINGBONEHERRINGBONE PROMENADEPROMENADE
- 13. ADVANTAGES There are variousreasons for the benefits that brick flooring products provide in visual terms, their strength and ability and their practical purposes. Here are some of the benefits of what brick flooring will provide when used as paving: •They provide elegance and character with the old world look rustic charm •They are fade resistant •They resist wear and tear •They are slip resistant •They are very durable with long lasting attributes •They are fire resistant •They are maintenance free •They will not crack or chip
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- 16. Advantages • This isthe olden method since followed due to the durability • This can be used in all the part of the house • The roughness depends on the type of stone flooring
- 17. disadvantageous • This isone of the costliest types • It requires more professionals for the careful installation
- 18. CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING •Cementconcreteflooringisoneofthemostcommontypesofflooringprovidedinhouses.Thistypeofflooringisquitedurable,easytoconstructand maintainbesidesbeingeconomicalascomparedtotile,marbleandothersuchtypeoffloorings.
- 19. Cement concrete floor •Base course: 7.5 cm -10 cm thick lean cement concrete (1:3:6 or 1:5:10) or lime concrete laid over well compacted soil • Topping surface of 1:2:4 cement concrete of thickness 4 cm
- 20. TERRAZZO FLOORING ORMOSAIC FLOORING • TerrazzoflooringisyetanothertypeofflooringthathasbeencommonlyusedinIndia.Asthistypeofflooringgivesapleasinglook,ithasbeenextensivelyprovidedinliving rooms,bedroomsetc.
- 21. Terrazo or Mosaicflooring • Surface contains cement and marble chips (of different colours) in proportion to 1:2 • Floor finish around 6 mm thick laid above concrete topping 34 mm (1:2:4) • Marble chips vary from 3-6 mm
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- 24. Tile floor • Madeof clay, cement concrete square, hexagonal shapes • Used in residential buildings, offices, schools, hospitals. • Over the lean cement concrete base, a 25 to 30 mm thick layer of mortar (1:3) is laid; allowed to harden for 12 to 24 hours • Neat cement slurry is spread and tiles are placed gently pressing into them into the mortar • Before laying tiles, thin paste of cement is applied on sides • Flooring cured for 7 days and then grinding and polishing
- 25. Advantages • This iscost effective • It last for more duration • Easy replacement of the damaged portions • Easily cleaned
- 26. disadvantages • Installation processis very difficult • This brittles easily when rough materials are dropped. • Comparatively, this doesn’t give trendy look
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- 28. Wooden flooring • Suspendedtype flooring: hollow space between concrete and flooring is kept well ventilated by providing air bricks in outer walls
- 29. Advantageous • Gives classylook • Lasts longer for years • Easy to clean • The wood type maintenance is very easy • This can be renewed by periodical varnishing
- 30. disadvantages • Cost wisethis is high • Installation difficulty is also more • They are not resistant to heat and sound
- 31. Vinyl flooring • Thistype of flooring provides soft touch to the feet when roaming. This is of white colored material, it is added with coloring reagent to enhance the beauty and provide people with more option.
- 32. Vinyl flooring • Madeof plastic material called Polyvinyl chloride in the form of tiles. • Widely used in residential and non residential buildings • Tiles laid on concrete base • Adhesive is laid on base and on back of PVC, gently pressed with help of 5 kg wooden roller • Floor washed with warm water before use • PVC floor is smooth and can be easily cleaned
- 33. Advantages • This isinexpensive than other type of flooring. • They are installed with ease and the cleaning process is done without more effort. • This is resistant to water
- 34. disadvantages • The replacementshould be done very frequently as they wear very soon • The vinyl quality varies, thus the soft one gets brittle soon.
- 35. Glass flooring • Usedwhere it is desired to transmit light from upper floor to lower floor and specially to admit light at the basement from upper floor to lower floor • Structural glass is available in the form of tiles and slabs and in thickness from 12 to 30 mm • Fixed in closely spaced frames • Very costly
- 37. RCC Floors • Overallthickness of RCC floors is comparatively small • Fire proof and damp proof. • Simple RCC slab flooring, Beam slab flooring, Flat slab flooring
- 38. Simple RCC flooring •Mild steel bars reinforcement provided is placed at bottom slab, minimum clear cover of 15 mm • Quite suitable for spans upto 5m • Slab is cast on steel or timber shuttering • Concrete usually M20 mix or 1:1..5:3 is poured and well compacted and cured
- 40. Beam slab flooring •When width of room becomes more, span of slab increases, simple RCC flooring becomes uneconomical • Floor structure consists of RCC beams and slabs cast monolithically. • T beams act as intermediate supports to the slabs which is continuous over beams
- 42. Flat slab flooring •Reinforced slab built monolithically with columns without any beams • Slab transfers load directly to supporting columns suitably spaced below slab • Attractive appearance because of exclusion of beam • Slab may be provided with drop • Drop is that part of slab around column which is of greater thickness than rest of slab
- 44. Pre cast concretefloors • Floors can be constructed easily without any formwork • Precast units are available in about 25 cm width, various depths and spans and can be supported on walls • Sides are provided with grooves to form connecting joggles for adjacent units. • Joints are grouted with cement mortar • Economical, light weight, sound proof etc
- 46. REFERENCES • Building constructionmaterials techniques, P. Purushottam Raj • Building Materials, S.K. Duggal • Building Materials, B C Punmia • www.civilconstructor.org