The document discusses different types of doors. It defines a door and describes its main components like the frame, shutter, and materials used. It covers the functions, typical sizes and locations of doors. Several common door types are explained in detail, including hinged, paneled, glazed, flush, louvred, and revolving doors. Key points about each type's construction and typical uses are provided.
This document discusses different types of timber flooring, including:
1. Single joist timber floors which use a single beam and strutting for spans below 3 meters.
2. Double joist timber floors which use binders and bridging joists for spans between 1.8-2.4 meters.
3. Framed or triple joist timber floors which use girders, binders, and bridging joists for spans over 7.5 meters.
Precautions for timber flooring include using a cement course below the floor, installing DPC on exterior walls and sleeper walls, and using well-seasoned timber. Floor boards are typically 100-200mm wide
The document summarizes different types of windows, including fixed windows, pivoted windows, double-hung windows, sliding windows, casement windows, louvred windows, metal windows, bay windows, awning windows, and skylights. It describes the key characteristics of each window type, such as how they open/close, materials used, advantages, and common applications. The document also discusses window materials, fixtures and fastenings, and provides details on hinges, bolts, handles, locks and various material options like wood, aluminum, fiberglass and PVC.
The document discusses different types of wall panelling materials and their uses. It describes various panelling materials like wood, metal, acoustic and structural panels. Wood panelling provides insulation and decorative appearance. Panelling is used to cover walls for aesthetic purposes and can provide insulation, soundproofing and reduce construction costs. Common panelling materials mentioned include wood, metal, laminate and tileboard panels.
This document provides an overview of false ceilings, including their introduction, purposes, types, materials, and installation. It discusses how false ceilings can improve aesthetics, hide ducting and wires, provide insulation and acoustic improvements. The types of false ceilings covered include suspended/exposed grid, concealed grid, metal, gypsum board, fiberboard, POP, and plywood. Installation photos of concealed and exposed grid ceilings are also presented. Rates and common material suppliers are listed.
This document discusses different types of doors and windows. It describes revolving doors, sliding doors, swing doors, and collapsible steel doors. For sliding doors, it explains bypass, surface, and pocket styles. It also covers bifold doors. For revolving doors, it outlines the central mullion and radiating shutters. It notes that revolving doors are used in public buildings. The document also briefly discusses sliding and pivoted windows.
The document discusses climates and building techniques in cold regions like Ladakh. It provides details about Ladakh's cold and dry climate with summer temperatures ranging from 17-24°C during the day and winter temperatures as low as -14°C at night. It then summarizes various building techniques used in cold climates like compact designs with limited openings, thick walls, roof insulation, and interior heating. Specific building forms in Ladakh like mud walls, timber roofs, and shifting living spaces between floors and roofs are also outlined.
False ceilings, also known as dropped ceilings or suspended ceilings, were initially developed in the 14th century in Japan for aesthetic purposes. They later became popular in modern construction as a way to conceal wiring, ductwork, and other building elements above the ceiling. There are various types of false ceilings depending on the material used, such as wood, gypsum, thermocol, or PVC. False ceilings provide benefits like reducing room height, cooling rooms, and allowing for decorative lighting features. However, they also have disadvantages like reduced headroom, concealing functional building elements, and making maintenance and repairs more difficult. Common false ceiling installation methods involve setting up a framework to support ceiling tiles or panels made of various
The document discusses different types of doors. It defines a door and describes its main components like the frame, shutter, and materials used. It covers the functions, typical sizes and locations of doors. Several common door types are explained in detail, including hinged, paneled, glazed, flush, louvred, and revolving doors. Key points about each type's construction and typical uses are provided.
This document discusses different types of timber flooring, including:
1. Single joist timber floors which use a single beam and strutting for spans below 3 meters.
2. Double joist timber floors which use binders and bridging joists for spans between 1.8-2.4 meters.
3. Framed or triple joist timber floors which use girders, binders, and bridging joists for spans over 7.5 meters.
Precautions for timber flooring include using a cement course below the floor, installing DPC on exterior walls and sleeper walls, and using well-seasoned timber. Floor boards are typically 100-200mm wide
The document summarizes different types of windows, including fixed windows, pivoted windows, double-hung windows, sliding windows, casement windows, louvred windows, metal windows, bay windows, awning windows, and skylights. It describes the key characteristics of each window type, such as how they open/close, materials used, advantages, and common applications. The document also discusses window materials, fixtures and fastenings, and provides details on hinges, bolts, handles, locks and various material options like wood, aluminum, fiberglass and PVC.
The document discusses different types of wall panelling materials and their uses. It describes various panelling materials like wood, metal, acoustic and structural panels. Wood panelling provides insulation and decorative appearance. Panelling is used to cover walls for aesthetic purposes and can provide insulation, soundproofing and reduce construction costs. Common panelling materials mentioned include wood, metal, laminate and tileboard panels.
This document provides an overview of false ceilings, including their introduction, purposes, types, materials, and installation. It discusses how false ceilings can improve aesthetics, hide ducting and wires, provide insulation and acoustic improvements. The types of false ceilings covered include suspended/exposed grid, concealed grid, metal, gypsum board, fiberboard, POP, and plywood. Installation photos of concealed and exposed grid ceilings are also presented. Rates and common material suppliers are listed.
This document discusses different types of doors and windows. It describes revolving doors, sliding doors, swing doors, and collapsible steel doors. For sliding doors, it explains bypass, surface, and pocket styles. It also covers bifold doors. For revolving doors, it outlines the central mullion and radiating shutters. It notes that revolving doors are used in public buildings. The document also briefly discusses sliding and pivoted windows.
The document discusses climates and building techniques in cold regions like Ladakh. It provides details about Ladakh's cold and dry climate with summer temperatures ranging from 17-24°C during the day and winter temperatures as low as -14°C at night. It then summarizes various building techniques used in cold climates like compact designs with limited openings, thick walls, roof insulation, and interior heating. Specific building forms in Ladakh like mud walls, timber roofs, and shifting living spaces between floors and roofs are also outlined.
False ceilings, also known as dropped ceilings or suspended ceilings, were initially developed in the 14th century in Japan for aesthetic purposes. They later became popular in modern construction as a way to conceal wiring, ductwork, and other building elements above the ceiling. There are various types of false ceilings depending on the material used, such as wood, gypsum, thermocol, or PVC. False ceilings provide benefits like reducing room height, cooling rooms, and allowing for decorative lighting features. However, they also have disadvantages like reduced headroom, concealing functional building elements, and making maintenance and repairs more difficult. Common false ceiling installation methods involve setting up a framework to support ceiling tiles or panels made of various
False ceiling is constructed below the roof to control temperature, install lights, and conceal wiring. It has suspended supports and components like panels, grids, and moldings. False ceilings come in various materials like gypsum, plaster of Paris, fiber, wood, glass, and metal. Gypsum and plaster of Paris ceilings are lightweight and insulated while fiber ceilings are inexpensive and easy to install. False ceilings provide benefits like a smooth surface, fire protection, and hiding of building elements, but can trap pests and reduce ceiling height.
This document discusses partition walls, which divide interior spaces without carrying structural loads. It defines partition walls and lists their advantages such as dividing spaces, providing privacy, and being lightweight. It describes requirements for good partition walls and various types including brick, hollow block, concrete, glass, wood, strawboard, plaster, metal, and asbestos cement. Movable and portable partition walls are also discussed. Common applications include offices, schools, hotels, and event spaces.
Structural glazing is a system using flat panels consisting of a thermoplastic core bonded between two aluminum sheets. It is used in architectural applications on clear and tinted glass. Structural glazing offers flexibility in designs and sections while improving building thermal efficiency. It has various applications such as rooflights, facades, and canopies. Though more expensive initially than other options, structural glazing provides benefits like modern appearance, light weight, sound and pollution insulation, and resistance to weathering.
All the construction details and elements of the collapsible door are shown via images in this presentation. Hope it may help you in any way if it could. Please feel free to share or to give any kind of feedback. Thank you. :)
This document discusses timber flooring. It begins by defining timber flooring as flooring made of wood. It then discusses the history of timber flooring from the Baroque Era to modern trends. It describes different types of timber flooring like strip, wood block, parquet and plank flooring. It also discusses joists, construction details, joinery details, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of timber flooring. In the end, it provides sketches illustrating different timber floor constructions and common joint types used in timber flooring.
The document provides information about doors, including:
1) It defines doors and briefly discusses their history, from ancient times to modern automatic doors.
2) It describes the functional requirements, components, types, materials, and construction of doors. Components discussed include frames, shutters, hinges, locks, and other hardware.
3) It provides details on specific types of doors like swinging, sliding, folding, and overhead doors. It also discusses door materials like wood, metal, glass, and UPVC.
"warm and humid" climate and their designsAnubhav Arora
in this ppt you will know how and what should we design in the warm and humid climate area like Kerala, it is best example for warm and humid zone.
Hope it will be useful for you.
High performance building for cold climateKrishna Jhawar
This document provides details on building design for cold climates. It discusses site selection, orientation, building envelopes, and passive design techniques. Specific recommendations are made for compact plans with southern exposure, well-insulated envelopes, and passive solar techniques like trombe walls, water walls, and roof-based solar heating. The goal is to maximize solar heat gain in winter while preventing overheating in summer through features like adjustable shading and insulation. High performance buildings in cold climates aim to resist heat loss and promote solar heat gain with minimal energy usage.
The document discusses the traditional vernacular architecture of Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. It is characterized by the use of local materials like golden sandstone, which is soft and easily carved. Houses are constructed without mortar by cutting "scissors" into the stone. Traditional houses feature courtyards, thick insulating walls, small windows for light and ventilation, and textured surfaces to minimize heat gain. Local plants are used for construction, and mud, sand, cow dung and plant fibers form insulated roofs and walls. The architecture is adapted to the hot, arid climate with dense forms, orientation according to wind patterns, and other passive cooling techniques.
A window consists of a frame and shutters. The frame includes horizontal and vertical members that form the opening and hold the shutters. Shutters are the movable parts of the window. There are many types of windows including awning, casement, single-hung, double-hung, sliding, louvered, tilt-turn, bay, bow, garden, picture, arch/radius, and skylight windows. Each type has different characteristics regarding how the shutters open, are mounted, and function.
The ppt consists of types of climatic regions in india, 5 typesof climatic zones in india, their description , cold and cloudy zone, shimla, himachal pradesh, types of design features according to climatic zones, active and passive cooling and heating techniques in cold and cloudy region.
Windows come in a variety of types and designs to serve different functions. The most common type is the casement window, which has two panes that open outward from the frame, providing good illumination while obstructing little light. Other common types include double-hung or sash windows with two glass panes that open independently, as well as bay windows comprising three windows that form an alcove protruding from the house to create a sense of spaciousness. Proper treatment of windows depends on their shape, size and location within a room or house.
The document provides an overview of different types of cladding systems. It defines cladding as an exterior finishing system that protects the underlying structure and provides decorative finish. There are many types of cladding including dry wall, wet wall, weatherboard, timber, stone, external foam, metal, concrete, and brick cladding. The major purpose of cladding is to separate the indoor and outdoor environments to maintain suitable indoor conditions by keeping water out, preventing air leakage, controlling light, heat radiation and conduction, and controlling sound.
Windows serve several important purposes in buildings. They allow natural light and ventilation which saves on electricity costs while improving air quality. Windows also provide architectural design elements and can enhance quality of life. There are various common types of windows including casement, double hung, pivoted, sliding, sash/glazed, metal, corner/glass-to-glass, gable, dormer, bay and clerestory windows, and skylights - each with their own characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages for different applications.
The document discusses different types of partition walls used to divide interior spaces in buildings. It describes timber stud, metal stud, drywall, glass block, and block partitions. Timber stud partitions can be plaster skimmed, dry-lined, or partially glazed. Metal stud partitions are lightweight but strong, consisting of a metal framework covered in plasterboard or fire-resistant sheeting. Glass block partitions are made of translucent glass blocks laid in mortar, sometimes with reinforcement. Block partitions are constructed from masonry blocks.
The document discusses different types of cladding materials like stone, metal, timber and their purposes, benefits and installation methods. It provides details on stone cladding types, finishes, calculation of materials needed, surface preparation and the multi-step process of installing stone cladding including applying a scratch coat, laying out the stone, grouting and tooling the joints.
Fixtures and fastenings in doors and windowsthajulfathima
Fixtures and fastenings for doors and windows provide operating facilities, security, and ease of opening and closing. Common types include hinges, bolts, handles, and locks. Hinges allow doors to rotate freely and come in many styles like butt, back flap, counter flap, parliamentary, spring, rising butt, garnet, strap, and pin hinges. Bolts provide security and include hook and eye, flush, aldrop, barrel, and hasp and staple bolts. Handles make doors and windows easy to open and close and come in styles like bow, lever, and door handles. Locks used include padlocks, mortise locks, rim locks, cupboard locks, and lever handle locks
The document discusses different types of flooring materials and their construction. It describes the key components of flooring as the sub-floor or base course, and floor covering. Common materials used include cement concrete, lime concrete, stones, bricks and wood. The selection of flooring depends on factors like initial cost, appearance, durability, damp and fire resistance. Specific flooring types discussed include mud, muram, brick, flagstone, cement concrete, terrazzo, mosaic and tile flooring.
A facade is generally the exterior front of a building. The word comes from the French meaning "frontage" or "face". A facade can include the front, sides, and rear of a building. Glazing refers to glass used in walls, windows, and doors, and is installed by glaziers. Common types of glazing include curtain walls, structural glazing, skylights, and doors. Facade design considers factors like the building height, location, and span of glass panels.
In support of:
• Building Support Structures, Analysis and Design with SAP2000 Software, 2nd ed., eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2015. The SAP2000V15 Examples and Problems SDB files are available on the Computers & Structures, Inc. (CSI) website: http://www.csiamerica.com/go/schueller
• The Design of Building Structures (Vol.1, Vol. 2), rev. ed., PDF eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2016, published originally by Prentice Hall, 1996, 868 pages
False ceiling is constructed below the roof to control temperature, install lights, and conceal wiring. It has suspended supports and components like panels, grids, and moldings. False ceilings come in various materials like gypsum, plaster of Paris, fiber, wood, glass, and metal. Gypsum and plaster of Paris ceilings are lightweight and insulated while fiber ceilings are inexpensive and easy to install. False ceilings provide benefits like a smooth surface, fire protection, and hiding of building elements, but can trap pests and reduce ceiling height.
This document discusses partition walls, which divide interior spaces without carrying structural loads. It defines partition walls and lists their advantages such as dividing spaces, providing privacy, and being lightweight. It describes requirements for good partition walls and various types including brick, hollow block, concrete, glass, wood, strawboard, plaster, metal, and asbestos cement. Movable and portable partition walls are also discussed. Common applications include offices, schools, hotels, and event spaces.
Structural glazing is a system using flat panels consisting of a thermoplastic core bonded between two aluminum sheets. It is used in architectural applications on clear and tinted glass. Structural glazing offers flexibility in designs and sections while improving building thermal efficiency. It has various applications such as rooflights, facades, and canopies. Though more expensive initially than other options, structural glazing provides benefits like modern appearance, light weight, sound and pollution insulation, and resistance to weathering.
All the construction details and elements of the collapsible door are shown via images in this presentation. Hope it may help you in any way if it could. Please feel free to share or to give any kind of feedback. Thank you. :)
This document discusses timber flooring. It begins by defining timber flooring as flooring made of wood. It then discusses the history of timber flooring from the Baroque Era to modern trends. It describes different types of timber flooring like strip, wood block, parquet and plank flooring. It also discusses joists, construction details, joinery details, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of timber flooring. In the end, it provides sketches illustrating different timber floor constructions and common joint types used in timber flooring.
The document provides information about doors, including:
1) It defines doors and briefly discusses their history, from ancient times to modern automatic doors.
2) It describes the functional requirements, components, types, materials, and construction of doors. Components discussed include frames, shutters, hinges, locks, and other hardware.
3) It provides details on specific types of doors like swinging, sliding, folding, and overhead doors. It also discusses door materials like wood, metal, glass, and UPVC.
"warm and humid" climate and their designsAnubhav Arora
in this ppt you will know how and what should we design in the warm and humid climate area like Kerala, it is best example for warm and humid zone.
Hope it will be useful for you.
High performance building for cold climateKrishna Jhawar
This document provides details on building design for cold climates. It discusses site selection, orientation, building envelopes, and passive design techniques. Specific recommendations are made for compact plans with southern exposure, well-insulated envelopes, and passive solar techniques like trombe walls, water walls, and roof-based solar heating. The goal is to maximize solar heat gain in winter while preventing overheating in summer through features like adjustable shading and insulation. High performance buildings in cold climates aim to resist heat loss and promote solar heat gain with minimal energy usage.
The document discusses the traditional vernacular architecture of Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. It is characterized by the use of local materials like golden sandstone, which is soft and easily carved. Houses are constructed without mortar by cutting "scissors" into the stone. Traditional houses feature courtyards, thick insulating walls, small windows for light and ventilation, and textured surfaces to minimize heat gain. Local plants are used for construction, and mud, sand, cow dung and plant fibers form insulated roofs and walls. The architecture is adapted to the hot, arid climate with dense forms, orientation according to wind patterns, and other passive cooling techniques.
A window consists of a frame and shutters. The frame includes horizontal and vertical members that form the opening and hold the shutters. Shutters are the movable parts of the window. There are many types of windows including awning, casement, single-hung, double-hung, sliding, louvered, tilt-turn, bay, bow, garden, picture, arch/radius, and skylight windows. Each type has different characteristics regarding how the shutters open, are mounted, and function.
The ppt consists of types of climatic regions in india, 5 typesof climatic zones in india, their description , cold and cloudy zone, shimla, himachal pradesh, types of design features according to climatic zones, active and passive cooling and heating techniques in cold and cloudy region.
Windows come in a variety of types and designs to serve different functions. The most common type is the casement window, which has two panes that open outward from the frame, providing good illumination while obstructing little light. Other common types include double-hung or sash windows with two glass panes that open independently, as well as bay windows comprising three windows that form an alcove protruding from the house to create a sense of spaciousness. Proper treatment of windows depends on their shape, size and location within a room or house.
The document provides an overview of different types of cladding systems. It defines cladding as an exterior finishing system that protects the underlying structure and provides decorative finish. There are many types of cladding including dry wall, wet wall, weatherboard, timber, stone, external foam, metal, concrete, and brick cladding. The major purpose of cladding is to separate the indoor and outdoor environments to maintain suitable indoor conditions by keeping water out, preventing air leakage, controlling light, heat radiation and conduction, and controlling sound.
Windows serve several important purposes in buildings. They allow natural light and ventilation which saves on electricity costs while improving air quality. Windows also provide architectural design elements and can enhance quality of life. There are various common types of windows including casement, double hung, pivoted, sliding, sash/glazed, metal, corner/glass-to-glass, gable, dormer, bay and clerestory windows, and skylights - each with their own characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages for different applications.
The document discusses different types of partition walls used to divide interior spaces in buildings. It describes timber stud, metal stud, drywall, glass block, and block partitions. Timber stud partitions can be plaster skimmed, dry-lined, or partially glazed. Metal stud partitions are lightweight but strong, consisting of a metal framework covered in plasterboard or fire-resistant sheeting. Glass block partitions are made of translucent glass blocks laid in mortar, sometimes with reinforcement. Block partitions are constructed from masonry blocks.
The document discusses different types of cladding materials like stone, metal, timber and their purposes, benefits and installation methods. It provides details on stone cladding types, finishes, calculation of materials needed, surface preparation and the multi-step process of installing stone cladding including applying a scratch coat, laying out the stone, grouting and tooling the joints.
Fixtures and fastenings in doors and windowsthajulfathima
Fixtures and fastenings for doors and windows provide operating facilities, security, and ease of opening and closing. Common types include hinges, bolts, handles, and locks. Hinges allow doors to rotate freely and come in many styles like butt, back flap, counter flap, parliamentary, spring, rising butt, garnet, strap, and pin hinges. Bolts provide security and include hook and eye, flush, aldrop, barrel, and hasp and staple bolts. Handles make doors and windows easy to open and close and come in styles like bow, lever, and door handles. Locks used include padlocks, mortise locks, rim locks, cupboard locks, and lever handle locks
The document discusses different types of flooring materials and their construction. It describes the key components of flooring as the sub-floor or base course, and floor covering. Common materials used include cement concrete, lime concrete, stones, bricks and wood. The selection of flooring depends on factors like initial cost, appearance, durability, damp and fire resistance. Specific flooring types discussed include mud, muram, brick, flagstone, cement concrete, terrazzo, mosaic and tile flooring.
A facade is generally the exterior front of a building. The word comes from the French meaning "frontage" or "face". A facade can include the front, sides, and rear of a building. Glazing refers to glass used in walls, windows, and doors, and is installed by glaziers. Common types of glazing include curtain walls, structural glazing, skylights, and doors. Facade design considers factors like the building height, location, and span of glass panels.
In support of:
• Building Support Structures, Analysis and Design with SAP2000 Software, 2nd ed., eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2015. The SAP2000V15 Examples and Problems SDB files are available on the Computers & Structures, Inc. (CSI) website: http://www.csiamerica.com/go/schueller
• The Design of Building Structures (Vol.1, Vol. 2), rev. ed., PDF eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2016, published originally by Prentice Hall, 1996, 868 pages
Lecture is in support of:
• Building Support Structures, Analysis and Design with SAP2000 Software, 2nd ed., eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2015. The SAP2000V15 Examples and Problems SDB files are available on the Computers & Structures, Inc. (CSI) website: http://www.csiamerica.com/go/schueller
• The Design of Building Structures (Vol.1, Vol. 2), rev. ed., PDF eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2016, published originally by Prentice Hall, 1996, 868 pages
The document discusses key concepts in digital telecommunication networks including Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH), Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), and their frame structures and bit rates. It describes how lower bit rate signals such as E1 (2Mbps) are mapped into higher bit rate structures like STM-1 (155.52Mbps) through multiplexing techniques involving containers, virtual containers, tributary units, and administrative units. The document also outlines the section overhead bytes used in SDH for functions like frame alignment, error monitoring, and automatic protection switching.
The document discusses different types of building structures including mass, vaulted, frame, shell, trusses, and suspension structures. It then shows pictures of examples of each type and asks the reader to identify which type of structure each picture represents.
The document discusses different types of stairs used in buildings. It describes the key components of stairs including treads, risers, handrails and stringers. Several types of stairs are covered such as straight stairs, spiral stairs and circular stairs. The suitable materials for constructing stairs including wood, brick, stone and concrete are also mentioned. Design considerations for stairs like required headroom, landing width and tread/riser dimensions are provided.
La explosión de Chernóbil ocurrió en 1986 durante una prueba de rutina en una de las plantas de energía nuclear en Ucrania, causando la muerte de muchas personas y enfermedades en otras debido a la radiación. La explosión se debió al sobrecalentamiento de uno de los reactores, seguido por pequeñas explosiones. Fue uno de los peores desastres nucleares de la década de 1980.
Este documento presenta una lista de personajes principales de la serie de anime y manga Naruto, incluyendo a Naruto, Sasuke, Sakura, Kakashi, Iruka, Hinata, Gaara, Gai, Rock Lee, Itachi, Shikamaru, Shino y Neji.
Este documento describe varios reflejos osteotendinosos y cutáneos, incluyendo su vía aferente y eferente, y su significado clínico. Explica cómo evaluarlos y qué hallazgos pueden sugerir patologías como lesiones de la vía piramidal.
Naruto is an anime with two parts, Naruto and Naruto: Shippuden. Naruto focuses on the main character Naruto as a child in ninja school who is outcast, while Shippuden takes place 3 years later as the characters are teenagers who have grown in strength. The story is mainly set in the Hidden Leaf Village and involves other villages like the Sand Village. Key characters introduced are Naruto, his rival Sasuke, their teammate Sakura, and their leader Kakashi.
This document provides an overview of 3G LTE (Long Term Evolution) technologies. It discusses key LTE concepts like OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO and the system architecture evolution. OFDM enables high data bandwidths and resilience to interference. OFDMA is used for the downlink while SC-FDMA is used for the uplink due to its lower peak-to-average power ratio. MIMO uses multiple antennas to increase throughput. LTE also features increased speeds, lower latency and improved spectral efficiency compared to previous standards.
1. El documento describe la cadena epidemiológica del virus Chikungunya, incluyendo su agente (virus ARN), huésped (humanos), reservorio (humanos y otros vertebrados), modo de transmisión (picadura de mosquitos infectados), signos y síntomas (fiebre y dolores articulares), y tratamiento (sintomático).
2. También describe los cinco niveles de prevención para combatir la enfermedad, incluyendo la promoción de la salud, protección específica, diagnóstico temprano y trat
The document discusses the anime and manga series Naruto, mentioning characters like Naruto, Sasuke, Pain, Minato the Fourth Hokage, and Kiba. It focuses on Naruto and his rivalry and friendship with Sasuke, his battles against Pain, and his connection to his father Minato as the Fourth Hokage. The document also briefly introduces the characters of Konan and Pain.
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Sasuke is taller than Naruto and Sakura is the tallest. Sakura draws better than Renata and Naruto is the funniest while Rock Lee is the most hard-working. Kakashi is the most intelligent.
O documento apresenta estatísticas sobre acidentes de trânsito no Brasil. Aponta que a violência no trânsito é a segunda maior causa de morte no país, à frente de homicídios, devido ao desrespeito às leis e à má qualidade dos motoristas. Revela que mais de 60.000 pessoas morreram em acidentes de trânsito em 2012, um aumento de 4% em relação a 2011, e que o número de vítimas é maior do que por homicídios ou câncer, tornando os acidentes a maior tragé
This document discusses six frames for thinking about information: 1) Purpose - focusing on the reason for looking at information; 2) Accuracy - examining how accurate the information is; 3) Point of view - looking at information from different perspectives; 4) Interest - noting interesting matters that may not be obvious; 5) Value - clarifying subjective and objective values of the information; and 6) Conclusion - deliberately outlining outcomes and conclusions drawn from the information. Using a single frame at a time when examining information can help avoid overload, distractions, and ensure the most value is extracted while remaining focused and directing attention effectively.
The sage of six paths dress from naruto shippuden!pavel32
The popular anime series Naruto is coming to an end after 15 years. Fans can celebrate the finale of the long-running show with merchandise from TeeSpring commemorating Naruto's journey from a mischievous child to a respected leader of his village. The T-shirts capture iconic scenes and characters from the anime in a colorful graphic design style to pay tribute to the conclusion of the Naruto storyline.
This document discusses doors and windows used in buildings. It covers the locations of doors and windows and how they should be placed to allow for ventilation and passage. It also defines various technical terms used for door and window components. Finally, it describes different types of doors and windows, including their sizes and constructions. The types of doors covered include paneled, glazed, flush, louvered, revolving, and collapsible doors. Window types include fixed, pivoted, double hung, sliding, casement, louvered, bay, dormer, gable and skylight windows.
This document provides definitions and information about doors and windows. It defines a door as an openable barrier secured in a wall opening. It then discusses door functions, common sizes, components like frames and shutters, and types including hinged, sliding, and collapsible doors. For windows, it discusses fixed, pivoted, double-hung, sliding, and casement windows, defining their characteristics and how they operate.
1) The document discusses different types of windows including casement windows, sash or glazed windows, fixed windows, sliding windows, pivoted windows, and double hung windows.
2) Windows are classified based on their material, operation, location. The selection of a window depends on factors like the size and location of the room as well as climatic considerations.
3) Specific window types discussed in more detail include fixed windows, casement windows, sash or glazed windows, sliding windows, double hung windows, pivoted windows, bay windows, louvered windows, corner windows, dormer windows, clerestory windows, and gable windows.
This document provides information on doors and windows. It discusses the components and types of doors, including battened, framed, panelled, and metal doors. It also covers the components and types of windows, such as fixed, casement, sash, bay and dormer windows. The document emphasizes the importance of properly installing door and window frames so they open flat against the wall.
This document is a project report on windows submitted by Yasmeen. S for her Bachelor of Science in Interior Design. It includes an acknowledgement thanking her mentors and college for the opportunity. The main body defines windows and discusses their construction, selection based on room size and climate considerations, and classification based on material and operation. It provides details on fixed, pivoted, double hung, sliding, casement, sash/glazed, louvered, metal, and other window types. It concludes with advantages of steel windows and a bibliography citing reference texts.
This document is a project report on windows submitted by Yasmeen. S for her Bachelor of Science in Interior Design. It includes an acknowledgement thanking her mentors and college for the opportunity. The main body defines windows and discusses their construction, selection based on room size and climate considerations, and classification based on material and operation. It provides details on fixed, pivoted, double hung, sliding, casement, sash/glazed, louvered, metal, and other specialty window types. The report concludes with advantages of steel windows and a bibliography citing reference materials.
This document is a project report on windows submitted by Yasmeen. S for her Bachelor of Science in Interior Design. It includes an acknowledgement thanking her mentors and college for the opportunity. The main body defines windows and discusses their construction, selection based on room size and climate considerations, and classification based on material and operation. It provides details on fixed, pivoted, double hung, sliding, casement, sash/glazed, louvered, metal, and other specialty window types. The report concludes with advantages of steel windows and a bibliography citing reference materials.
This document provides an overview of windows and window treatments. It discusses the history and origins of windows, describes common window types like double-hung windows and casement windows. It also examines the anatomy of windows and various stiff and soft window treatments like blinds, shades, curtains, pelmets and accessories.
Definition and function of Door
Location of door in a building
Components of a door
Sizes of doors
Door frames
Technical terms
Types of doors
Definition and function of Windows
Recommended Dimension for windows
Types of windows
Fixtures and Fastening
This document provides an overview of doors, including their components and types. It discusses the frame and shutter, as well as technical terms like head, sill, and horn. Doors are classified based on their arrangement of components, method of construction, operation, and materials. Battened, ledged, framed, and braced doors are described. Other door types covered include glazed, flush, louvered, revolving, sliding, swing, rolling steel shutter, and metal doors. Location considerations and specifications for doors are also mentioned.
Hello,
I am Christopher McBreen I am a window and door Specialist Here at the Fort worth ProSource Showroom.
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We offer Pella windows and doors patio and entry doors
Also as a secondary option we offer Atrium windows.
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Chapter 6 doors, windows & ventilatorsKHUSHBU SHAH
This document provides information on doors, windows, and ventilators used in building construction. It defines doors and windows, discusses their functions, components, types, sizes and locations used in buildings. It describes different types of doors like revolving doors, sliding doors, swing doors, collapsible steel doors, rolling shutter doors and their components. Similarly, it discusses types of windows like fixed windows, pivoted windows, sliding windows, casement windows, glazed windows and their characteristics. Recommended dimensions for different types of windows are also provided.
WINDOWS AND WINDOW TREATMENT In HOTELS AND COMMON AREASjadhavmalhar86
This document discusses windows and window treatments. It defines windows and describes different types of windows such as fixed windows, single hung windows, double hung windows, casement windows, and bay windows. It also discusses factors to consider when assessing windows such as view, privacy, and light. Finally, it outlines different types of window treatments including blinds, shades, and curtains that can be used to control light and provide privacy.
Windows allow light, air, and sound to pass through openings in walls. They have frames to hold glass or other transparent materials in place. There are many types of windows like double hung, bay, and picture windows. Window treatments include blinds, shades, shutters, and curtains/draperies to control light and provide privacy. Hard treatments like blinds and shutters are made of materials like wood, metal, and plastic while soft treatments include fabrics. Other decorative materials used for windows are beads, lambrequins, shoji screens, and panel tracks.
The document discusses windows, including their history, components, styles, classifications, and materials. Some key points:
- Windows originated as openings but now usually include glass or plastic. They allow light and air into buildings.
- Early windows had small openings that were later filled with materials like stone, wood, glass or paper. Modern windows are usually large glass rectangles.
- Windows can be classified by their use, forms/shapes, and operational system. Common types include casement, double-hung sash, bay, and fixed windows.
- Materials used in glazing have advanced from single to double or triple glazing using gases like argon between panes for improved insulation. New technologies also
Doors and windows provide access and ventilation in buildings. Doors consist of a frame and shutter, while windows consist of a frame and sashes or shutters. There are various types of doors and windows classified by their construction, operation, and purpose. Proper installation of door and window frames is important to ensure they function correctly and do not become damaged over time.
Doors allow passage between interior and exterior spaces. They have several key components including stiles, rails, panels, and hardware. Doors are classified according to their use, operation, and design. Common door materials include wood, steel, aluminum, glass, and fiberglass. Properly locating doors and including them in schedules helps ensure accessibility and functionality within a building.
Doors,Windows & Ventilator in Building ConstructionEr.Karan Chauhan
Doors, Windows & Ventilator is a part of building component which is allow to Air & light move & circulate inward & outward, with in door Human or any other material can be move inside or outside also. here types of doors & windows & ventilation are given with necessity of location, function etc.
This document provides an overview of roofs and roof coverings. It discusses various types of roofs including pitched or sloped roofs and flat or terrace roofs. Pitched roofs can be made of various materials and come in different styles like lean-to, coupled, and truss roofs. Flat roofs have advantages like large surface area but require more maintenance. The document also examines considerations for roof design and various roof covering materials like tiles, asbestos sheets, and galvanized iron. It provides details on installation and properties of different covering options.
Plastic is an organic material that can be molded when heated and pressed. It has various properties depending on its type. Thermoplastics can be reshaped when heated while thermosetting plastics permanently harden when heated. Plastics come in different categories based on their structure, elasticity, and usage. They are widely used for flooring, pipes, furniture, storage containers, and various construction purposes due to properties like durability, light weight, and resistance to corrosion.
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock formed from compressed sand grains. It is commonly found in stratified rock formations and can vary in color, texture, and grain size depending on its geological composition. Sandstone is classified based on the type of cementing material (calcareous, argillaceous, or ferruginous) that binds the sand grains. It is one of the most abundant rocks on Earth and is widely used for construction materials, countertops, tiles, and as a material for carving. Proper selection of sandstone type is important for its intended use to avoid structural problems.
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. It is formed through the weathering and erosion of rocks and transported by wind and water. Sand is commonly divided into subcategories based on grain size, and its composition varies depending on the local rock sources. The most common type of sand found in coastal and continental areas is silica sand, usually in the form of quartz, which is very resistant to weathering. Sand has many uses including in construction, industrial applications like glassmaking, and recreational activities.
An introduction of different types of glassesManisha Agarwal
This document discusses the different types and properties of glass. It begins by explaining that glass is made from a mixture of sand and silicates that are melted at high temperatures. It then describes several common types of glass including soda-lime glass, potash-lime glass, potash-lead glass, and coloured glass. It provides details on their compositions and typical uses. The document also outlines specialty glasses such as safety glass, bulletproof glass, insulating glass, and glass wool. It aims to cover the major categories and applications of glass.
This document discusses how different astrological houses and sub-lords can indicate the nature of one's education. The 4th house represents primary education, the 9th house higher education, and the 11th house gains from education. If the 4th sub-lord aspects the 4th, 11th, and 9th houses, one will get higher education, but if it also aspects the 3rd or 8th houses, marks may not be desired. Certain house and planet combinations can indicate one pursuing science, commerce, arts or technical fields. The 9th sub-lord's influences also provide information about the type of higher education one will receive.
This document provides information on ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It discusses the main types of ferrous metals which contain iron like steels, cast iron and wrought iron. It also discusses different types of steels based on their carbon content. Non-ferrous metals discussed include aluminum, lead, and copper. The document also mentions other non-ferrous metals and common alloys like brass and bronze. It provides details on the composition, properties and applications of these various metals.
Mud is a mixture of water, soil, silt, and clay that was commonly used as a building material before concrete. It was used to fill gaps between bricks and stone in early constructions that, while not as strong as concrete, helped keep houses cool in the summer heat. Mud and clay continue to be useful building materials in warm places as they allow structures to remain cool even in extreme heat.
The document summarizes different types of concrete. It defines concrete as a mixture of broken stone, gravel, sand, cement and water that can be poured or spread. It describes plain cement concrete as using cement as the binding material and reinforced cement concrete as embedding steel rods in plain cement concrete. It classifies concrete as regular, permeable, stamped, and shortcrete depending on properties and use. It outlines various uses of concrete including foundations, walls, paving, drainpipes, and tunnel support.
Cement is a binder made primarily of lime and silica that sets and hardens after mixing with water. It binds other materials together. Common types of cement include Portland cement, natural cement, Roman cement, Pozzolana cement, and Medina cement. Cement produces mortar when mixed with sand and water, and concrete when mixed with sand, stone aggregate, and water. Cement is grey while lime is white. Cement sets within a day or two of mixing with water, while lime takes much longer to harden. Cement protects iron and other metals from corrosion, while lime causes corrosion. There are also specialized types of cement developed for qualities like quick setting, low heat production, acid resistance,
Brick is a common building material made from clay, sand, and water. There are several types of bricks based on their manufacturing process, including pressed clay bricks which have indentations called frogs, and wire cut bricks which have holes. Bricks are classified based on their quality, such as first class bricks which are well-burnt and pass certain tests. They are used widely in construction for walls, pavements, and other applications. Properties like hardness, water absorption, and strength can vary between brick types and quality.
This document describes the properties and uses of various types of rocks:
- Sedimentary rocks like limestone and coal are used in construction, cement production, and power generation. Limestone is also used for flooring and roofing.
- Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt are used in construction, as aggregates in concrete, and for paving. Gabbro and pumice have more specialized uses.
- Metamorphic rocks like marble, slate, schist and gneiss can be used as building materials, flooring, roofing, and decoratively. Quartzite is used in masonry and road construction.
The document defines and describes different types of buildings based on their use such as residential, educational, industrial, etc. It then discusses the key components of buildings like foundations, walls, floors, stairs, and roofs. It also covers finishes and building services. Different structural elements are defined including columns, beams, doors, windows, and balconies. The document provides an overview of the main structural parts and functions of various types of buildings.
The document discusses various types of flooring materials including hard flooring like wood, stone and tile as well as soft flooring like carpet and resilient flooring. It provides details on different material options for flooring like concrete, wood, bamboo, laminate, linoleum and vinyl. It also discusses flooring installation and maintenance considerations as well as factors that influence material selection like cost, durability and moisture levels.
This document discusses different types of wall treatments and materials. It begins by defining walls and their purposes in construction. It then discusses various types of wall construction methods and materials like framed walls, mass walls, gypsum wallboard and concrete blocks. Next, it covers factors to consider for wall treatment like durability, aesthetics and function. Finally, it lists and describes common interior wall finishing materials and techniques such as paint, wallpaper, tiles, mirrors and plaster.
Varnish is a transparent protective finish used primarily for wood finishing. It consists of a drying oil, resin, and solvent. Varnish protects wood from damage while allowing the natural grain and color to show through. There are different types of varnish depending on the solvent and resin used, including oil, spirit, turpentine, water, and acrylic varnishes. Varnish is applied using brushes or sprayers to seal and beautify wood on furniture, floors, boats, and musical instruments.
This document provides an overview of paint, including its definition, history, functions, classifications, types, tools, properties, and failures. Paint is a solution or suspension of pigment, binder, and solvent that forms a thin coating when dry. It has been used for over 20,000 years for decorative and protective purposes. Paint classifications include industrial, architectural, and commercial paints. Common types are oil, plastic, cement, bituminous, water, distemper, epoxy, wood stain, enamel, lacquer, and emulsion paints. Paint tools include brushes, sprayers, and rollers. Good paint properties include uniform thin coating and durability, while failures include peeling, cracking,
Practical eLearning Makeovers for EveryoneBianca Woods
Welcome to Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone. In this presentation, we’ll take a look at a bunch of easy-to-use visual design tips and tricks. And we’ll do this by using them to spruce up some eLearning screens that are in dire need of a new look.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
2. A window is an opening in a wall , door or vehicle
that allows the passage of light and , if not
closed or sealed air and sound.
Window consists of a window frame and shutter.
The frame consists of two vertical members
called jambs, one flat member connecting the
jambs at top, known as head and another flat
member connecting the jambs at their feet
known as sill.The shutter can be full glazed,
paneled and glazed or paneled type.
Windows are normally provided provided with
two leaves.
3. Windows provided in a room depends upon the
following consideration
Size of room to be lighted.
Location of room and its utility.
Architectural treatment is to be given to the
building .
Directional wind and its speed.
Climate consideration of the site such as
humidity, temperature variation etc.
4. Total area of window opening should normally
vary from 10% to 20% of the floor area of the
room .
In hot and arid regions it could be 10% to 15% of
the floor area. In hot and humid regions the area
of the window openings should be 20% of the
floor area.
In case of public buildings like , schools, offices,
factories, hospitals, etc. minimum area of
window should be 20% of the floor area
For adequate natural light , the total area of
glasspanes in windows should be at least 8% of
the floor area.
5. The size & number of windows should be sufficient to provide
adequate light and ventilation in room.
Windows should be located opposite to each other wherever
possible. Windows provided on northern side permit maximum
day light without glare .
Window sill should be placed at 75 to 100cm above the floor
level. In case of bath & w.c. and other situation where privacy is
desired , window sill should be kept at 1.75m above floor level.
The top of windows and doors should be at same height.
shutter windows in external walls and doors should open
outside.
All external windows should be provided with mild steel round or
square bars or steel grills to safe guard against theft.
Widows in external walls should be provided with chajja
projections to prevent entry of rain water in the room.
6. Fixed windows
Pivoted windows
Double – hung windows
Sliding window or slider
Casement windows
Glazed windows
Louvered windows
Metal windows
Bay windows
Clerestory windows
Corner windows
Dormer and gable window
Awning window
Sky light
7.
8. In this type , glass pane is permanently fixed
in the opening of the wall.
The shutter can not be opened or closed.
The function is limited to allowing light or
permit vision in room.
No rebates are provided to the frame.
The shutters are fully glazed.
In homes they are generally decorative
windows near doors , stairwells and high
places or are used in combination with other
styles.
9.
10. In this type of window, the shutter is capable
of rotating about a pivot fixed to window
frame.
The frame has no rebate.
The shutter swing horizontally or vertically.
11.
12. It has two panes , top and bottom that slide up and down in
tracks called stiles.
The most common used window today, When open these window
allow air flow through half of its size.
The two parts are not necessarily the same size.
Traditionally , each shutter is provided with a pair of counter
weights connected by cord or chain over pulleys. When the
weights are pulled shutter
Open to required level.
Nowadays, most new double hung slash windows use spring
balances to support the sashes.
Special frames called boxed or cased frame is used , which
consists of two vertical members spaced apart to create a groove
to slide shutter.
A parting bead is provided in groove of the frame to keep two
shutter apart.
13.
14. It has two or more sashes that overlap
slightly but slide horizontally within frame.
Suitable openings or grooves are left in the
frame or wall to accommodate the shutters
when shutters are open.
15.
16. These windows are hinged at the side .
When fully opened , offer the maximum amount
of ventilation .
Operates like a hinged door except that it opens
and closes with a lever inside the window.
Shutter consists of styles, top rail , bottom rail
and intermediate rail.
Depending upon design , frame can have
additional vertical and horizontal members i.e.
mullion and transom respectively .
The panels may be either glazed , unglazed or
partly glazed and are fixed in grooves made in
rails and styles.
17.
18. This is type of casement window where panels
are fully glazed.
The frames has styles , top rail and bottom rail.
The space between top and bottom rail is divided
into number of panels with small timber
members called sash bars or glazing bars .
Glass panels are cut 1.5-3.0 mm smaller in size
than panel size to permit movements of sash
bars
Glass panels are fixed to sash bars by putty or by
timber beads.
19.
20. They are provided for sole function of ventilation and
not for vision outside .
The styles are grooved to receive a series of louvers
which may be of glass or wood slates.
The louvers are fixed at 45 degree inclination sloping
downward to outside to run off the rai water.
Window provide light and ventilation even if closed.
Such windows are recommended for bath , w.c.,
workshop sector, where privacy is more impotant.
Venation shutter uses louvers which can be open or
closed . Louvers are pivoted at both ends in the frame
and in addition each blade is connected to a vertical
batten by hinge.
21.
22. These are very popular in public buildings and can be
made up of mild steel , stainless steel , aluminium, bronze
, etc.
Being cheaper of all , they are widely used . Windows can
be fabricated for required size using light rolled steel
sections.
They can be fixed directly to the wall opening in a wooden
frame or in steel frame
While fixing , care has to be taken that the members of the
frame are not subjected to any structural loads to prevent
damage.
THUS ,the size of window opening is kept slightly more
than the frame size so as to allow some clearance between
two .
The window is fixed into the opening only after masonary
and lintel work is over and fully set.
23. They are more stronger and durable as
compared to wooden windows .
They are not subjected to expansion and
contraction of joints.
They are rot-proof , termit proof, highly fire
resistance.
Presents better elegance and smooth
finishing
The cost is negligible thus proves
economical.
24.
25. The window projecting outward from the
external wall line. Wide and decoratively
impressive allow for 180 degree view.
A multi panel window, with at least three
panel set at different angles to create an
extension from the wall line.
It is commonly use in cold country where
snow often falls.
They may be triangular , circular ,
rectangular, or polygonal in plan.
26.
27. These are provided to permit light and ventilation
to a room having more height than the adjoining
rooms or when ventilation is restricted.
Generally , provided near the top of main roof
and they open above the slab of adjoining rooms
.
The shutters are generally pivoted at centre.
The shutter can be opened or closed by means of
two chords , each attached to the rails of shutter.
The shutter must swing in such a way that the
upper part opens inside the room and lower part
opens outside , to exclude rain water.
28.
29. These are provided at the corner of the room
. Light and air is admitted from two direction.
The jamb post at the corner is made of heavy
section.
30.
31. The window provided at the dormer end and
gable end of the sloping roof to provide light
and ventilation to enclosed space below the
roof.
32.
33. These are hinged at the top and open
outward.
They are designed to provide ventilation
without letting in rain, etc.
These windows can be used alone or in
vertical or horizontal groups in combination
with additional awning window , other types
of window or above doors.
34.
35. These are fixed windows on the slopping roofs.
Admit natural light and help distribute light more
evenly throughout the room and consider an
energy saver feature.
The opening for window is made by cutting
common rafters. The frame work consist of
trimming pieces , curb frames , bottom rail and
top rail. The opening is treated with lead
flashings to ensure water proofing.
Sky lights may be plastic or glass , fixed or
operable , and made in any number of sizes and
styles.
36.
37. The small window or ventilator fitted above
door or window frame separated by transom .
The function is to ensure cross ventilation in
room even if door or windows are closed.
They also assist in admitting natural light.
38.
39. It is narrow window of small height fitted near
the root of a room for ventilation
Construction is similar to the fanlight
They are horizontally pivoted.