The document defines various types and parts of windows, emphasizing their role in allowing light, air, and sound into spaces. It discusses considerations for window size and placement based on room utility, climate factors, and architectural treatments. Additionally, it details various window types, including fixed, pivoted, double-hung, and sliding windows, along with recommendations for their construction and arrangement for optimum light and ventilation.

1. DEFINATION OF WINDOW
PARTS OF WINDOW
TYPES OF WINDOW

2.  A window is an opening in a wall , door or vehicle
that allows the passage of light and , if not
closed or sealed air and sound.
 Window consists of a window frame and shutter.
The frame consists of two vertical members
called jambs, one flat member connecting the
jambs at top, known as head and another flat
member connecting the jambs at their feet
known as sill.The shutter can be full glazed,
paneled and glazed or paneled type.
 Windows are normally provided provided with
two leaves.

3. Windows provided in a room depends upon the
following consideration
 Size of room to be lighted.
 Location of room and its utility.
 Architectural treatment is to be given to the
building .
 Directional wind and its speed.
 Climate consideration of the site such as
humidity, temperature variation etc.

4.  Total area of window opening should normally
vary from 10% to 20% of the floor area of the
room .
 In hot and arid regions it could be 10% to 15% of
the floor area. In hot and humid regions the area
of the window openings should be 20% of the
floor area.
 In case of public buildings like , schools, offices,
factories, hospitals, etc. minimum area of
window should be 20% of the floor area
 For adequate natural light , the total area of
glasspanes in windows should be at least 8% of
the floor area.

5.  The size & number of windows should be sufficient to provide
adequate light and ventilation in room.
 Windows should be located opposite to each other wherever
possible. Windows provided on northern side permit maximum
day light without glare .
 Window sill should be placed at 75 to 100cm above the floor
level. In case of bath & w.c. and other situation where privacy is
desired , window sill should be kept at 1.75m above floor level.
The top of windows and doors should be at same height.
 shutter windows in external walls and doors should open
outside.
 All external windows should be provided with mild steel round or
square bars or steel grills to safe guard against theft.
 Widows in external walls should be provided with chajja
projections to prevent entry of rain water in the room.

6.  Fixed windows
 Pivoted windows
 Double – hung windows
 Sliding window or slider
 Casement windows
 Glazed windows
 Louvered windows
 Metal windows
 Bay windows
 Clerestory windows
 Corner windows
 Dormer and gable window
 Awning window
 Sky light

8.  In this type , glass pane is permanently fixed
in the opening of the wall.
 The shutter can not be opened or closed.
 The function is limited to allowing light or
permit vision in room.
 No rebates are provided to the frame.
 The shutters are fully glazed.
 In homes they are generally decorative
windows near doors , stairwells and high
places or are used in combination with other
styles.

10.  In this type of window, the shutter is capable
of rotating about a pivot fixed to window
frame.
 The frame has no rebate.
 The shutter swing horizontally or vertically.

12.  It has two panes , top and bottom that slide up and down in
tracks called stiles.
 The most common used window today, When open these window
allow air flow through half of its size.
 The two parts are not necessarily the same size.
 Traditionally , each shutter is provided with a pair of counter
weights connected by cord or chain over pulleys. When the
weights are pulled shutter
 Open to required level.
 Nowadays, most new double hung slash windows use spring
balances to support the sashes.
 Special frames called boxed or cased frame is used , which
consists of two vertical members spaced apart to create a groove
to slide shutter.
 A parting bead is provided in groove of the frame to keep two
shutter apart.

14.  It has two or more sashes that overlap
slightly but slide horizontally within frame.
 Suitable openings or grooves are left in the
frame or wall to accommodate the shutters
when shutters are open.

16.  These windows are hinged at the side .
 When fully opened , offer the maximum amount
of ventilation .
 Operates like a hinged door except that it opens
and closes with a lever inside the window.
 Shutter consists of styles, top rail , bottom rail
and intermediate rail.
 Depending upon design , frame can have
additional vertical and horizontal members i.e.
mullion and transom respectively .
 The panels may be either glazed , unglazed or
partly glazed and are fixed in grooves made in
rails and styles.

18.  This is type of casement window where panels
are fully glazed.
 The frames has styles , top rail and bottom rail.
 The space between top and bottom rail is divided
into number of panels with small timber
members called sash bars or glazing bars .
 Glass panels are cut 1.5-3.0 mm smaller in size
than panel size to permit movements of sash
bars
 Glass panels are fixed to sash bars by putty or by
timber beads.

20.  They are provided for sole function of ventilation and
not for vision outside .
 The styles are grooved to receive a series of louvers
which may be of glass or wood slates.
 The louvers are fixed at 45 degree inclination sloping
downward to outside to run off the rai water.
 Window provide light and ventilation even if closed.
 Such windows are recommended for bath , w.c.,
workshop sector, where privacy is more impotant.
 Venation shutter uses louvers which can be open or
closed . Louvers are pivoted at both ends in the frame
and in addition each blade is connected to a vertical
batten by hinge.

22.  These are very popular in public buildings and can be
made up of mild steel , stainless steel , aluminium, bronze
, etc.
 Being cheaper of all , they are widely used . Windows can
be fabricated for required size using light rolled steel
sections.
 They can be fixed directly to the wall opening in a wooden
frame or in steel frame
 While fixing , care has to be taken that the members of the
frame are not subjected to any structural loads to prevent
damage.
 THUS ,the size of window opening is kept slightly more
than the frame size so as to allow some clearance between
two .
 The window is fixed into the opening only after masonary
and lintel work is over and fully set.

23.  They are more stronger and durable as
compared to wooden windows .
 They are not subjected to expansion and
contraction of joints.
 They are rot-proof , termit proof, highly fire
resistance.
 Presents better elegance and smooth
finishing
 The cost is negligible thus proves
economical.

25.  The window projecting outward from the
external wall line. Wide and decoratively
impressive allow for 180 degree view.
 A multi panel window, with at least three
panel set at different angles to create an
extension from the wall line.
 It is commonly use in cold country where
snow often falls.
 They may be triangular , circular ,
rectangular, or polygonal in plan.

27.  These are provided to permit light and ventilation
to a room having more height than the adjoining
rooms or when ventilation is restricted.
 Generally , provided near the top of main roof
and they open above the slab of adjoining rooms
.
 The shutters are generally pivoted at centre.
 The shutter can be opened or closed by means of
two chords , each attached to the rails of shutter.
 The shutter must swing in such a way that the
upper part opens inside the room and lower part
opens outside , to exclude rain water.

29.  These are provided at the corner of the room
. Light and air is admitted from two direction.
 The jamb post at the corner is made of heavy
section.

31.  The window provided at the dormer end and
gable end of the sloping roof to provide light
and ventilation to enclosed space below the
roof.

33.  These are hinged at the top and open
outward.
 They are designed to provide ventilation
without letting in rain, etc.
 These windows can be used alone or in
vertical or horizontal groups in combination
with additional awning window , other types
of window or above doors.

35.  These are fixed windows on the slopping roofs.
 Admit natural light and help distribute light more
evenly throughout the room and consider an
energy saver feature.
 The opening for window is made by cutting
common rafters. The frame work consist of
trimming pieces , curb frames , bottom rail and
top rail. The opening is treated with lead
flashings to ensure water proofing.
 Sky lights may be plastic or glass , fixed or
operable , and made in any number of sizes and
styles.

37.  The small window or ventilator fitted above
door or window frame separated by transom .
 The function is to ensure cross ventilation in
room even if door or windows are closed.
They also assist in admitting natural light.

39.  It is narrow window of small height fitted near
the root of a room for ventilation
 Construction is similar to the fanlight
 They are horizontally pivoted.

40. - MANISHA AGARWAL