The document discusses different types of staircases used in buildings. It describes straight stairs as the simplest form, consisting of steps leading in one direction across one or more flights. Quarter turn stairs make a 90 degree turn, saving space. Half turn stairs rise to a mid-level landing, turn 180 degrees, and continue parallel to the lower flight, allowing construction within a confined stairwell. The document provides technical details on staircase components like steps, risers, landings, and classifications to facilitate vertical movement between floors in an efficient and safe manner.

1. TIMBER STAIRCASE
FIRST YEAR B.ARCH.2017
V P I C O A , I N D A P U R .
A s s . P r o . A r . A b h a y S . A i t w a d e

2. INTRODUCTION TO STAIRS
Staircase is an important component of a building providing access to different
floors and roof of the building. It consists of a flight of steps (stairs) and one or
more intermediate landing slabs between the floor levels.
Stairs can be defined as series of steps suitably arranged for the purpose of
connecting different floors of a building.it may also be defined as an arrangement
of treads, risers, stringers, newel post, hand rails, and baluster, so designed and
constructed as to provide an easy and quick access to the different floors.
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3.  STRENGTH-
Able to support for movement
between floors, including dead
and imposed load.
 SAFETY –
The Building Regulation in
determining the rise ,tread,
headroom and dimensions of
the handrails and guarding.
Should be constructed of
materials that are capable of
maintaining strength and
stability for a period of time
sufficient to escape to the
outside.
 FIRE SAFETY –
The steps and the width should
be adequate for the safe escape
to the outside.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS-
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PRIMARY FUNCTIONS
 Provide an access from one floor to
another.
 Provide a safe means of travel between
floors.
 Provide a degree of insulation where
part of a separating element between
compartments in a building.
 Provide an easy mean of travel between
floors.
 Provide a suitable means of escape in
case of fire.
 Provide a mean of conveying fittings and
furniture between floor levels.
Note: For residential buildings the size of
step commonly adopted is 250 mm x 160
mm. For public buildings the adopted size
of step varies from 270 mm x 150 mm to
300 mm x130 mm.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

4. TECHNICAL TERMS
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TECHNICAL TERMS

5. FLIGHT
LANDING
TECHNICAL TERMS
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Step - It is a portion of stair which permits
ascent and descent. It is comprised of
a tread and riser.
Tread - It is the upper horizontal portion of a
step upon which the foot is placed
while ascending or descending.
Riser - The vertical portion of a step
providing support to the tread.
Flight - A series of steps without any platform,
break or landing in their direction.
Uninterrupted series of steps between
floor and landing, or between landing
and landing.
•A flight should have no fewer than
3 steps and no more than 16 risers.
•The rise and tread in one flight and
landings between floors should be
equal.
•The rise and tread should have the
same size to avoid interruption in the
rhythm of going up or down.
•The dimension of the riser and
thread will determine whether the
stair is steep or shallow.
TECHNICAL TERMS

6. TECHNICAL TERMS
Going of Step - It is the horizontal distance
between two successive riser faces.
Rise of steps - It is the vertical distance
between two successive tread faces
Landing- A platform or resting place provided
between two flights. A landing extending
right across a stair case is termed as half
space landing and the one extending only
half across a staircase is called a quarter
space landing.
Nosing- It is the projecting part of the tread
beyond the face of the riser. It is
rounded to give good architectural effect.
Scotia- It is a molding provided under the nosing
to improve the elevation of the step.
Line of Nosing-It is an imaginary line touching of each
tread and is parallel to the slope of the
stair
Head room- A clearance height between the pitch line
of the stair and the underside of the stairs,
landings and floors above the stair minimum
2 m clearance from the pitch line
TECHNICAL TERMS
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Head room-
TECHNICAL TERMS

7. Baluster: It is vertical member of wood or metal
supporting the hand rail.
Balustrade: Consists of row of balusters surmounted
by a rail.
Hand Rail: Horizontal member fixed on the top of
series of balusters. Can be made from
timber or steel.
Newel post: This is the vertical member which is
placed at the ends of flights to connect
hand rail.
Soffit: It is the underside of a stair.
Waist: The thickness of structural slab in case of
an R.C.C. stair is known as a waist.
Pitch or slope: It is the angle which the line of nosing of
the stair makes with the horizontal.
Winders: These are tapering steps which are
provided for changing the direction of a
stair.
Strings or stringers: These are the sloping wooden
members which support the steps in a
stair. They run along the slope of the
stair.
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TECHNICAL TERMS
TECHNICAL TERMS
Winders

8. CLASSIFICATION OF STAIRS
• Straight stairs
• Turning stairs
• Quarter turn stairs(L-shaped)
• Half turn stairs(dog-legged, open newel)
• Geometrical stairs
• Circular stairs, spiral stairs
• Bifurcated stairs
CLASSIFICATION OF STAIRS
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9. STRAIGHT STAIRS
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STRAIGHT STAIRS
• All steps lead in one direction.
• Simplest form of stair arrangement.
• It may consist of one or more flights.
• They are used when space available for staircase is long but narrow
in width.
• If the ascending is steep, the straight flight may be broken at an
intermediate landing.

10. QUARTER TURN STAIRS
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QUARTER TURN STAIRS(L-SHAPED)
• A stair turning through one right angle is known as Quarter turn
stairs. (L-shaped stair)
• Good in compact planning.
• The quarter turn sometime will be replaced with winders for
economic use of space.

11. HALF TURN STAIRS (DOG-LEGGED,OPEN-NEWEL)
• Rises to a landing between floors, turns through 180˚, then rises
parallel to the lower flight to the floor above.
• The most common arrangement of stairs.
• Advantage – can be constructed within the confined vertical stair
well.
• In case of open newel stair, there is a well or hole or opening
between flights in plan.
• This well may be rectangular or of any geometrical shape and it can
be used for fixing lift.
• These staircase are useful where available space for staircase has a
width greater than twice the width of steps.
STRAIGHT STAIRS
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12. T H A N K Y O U …