The brain contains a series of ventricles that circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serve important functions. There are four ventricles total - two lateral ventricles located within the cerebral hemispheres, the third ventricle within the diencephalon, and the fourth ventricle between the pons, medulla, and cerebellum. CSF is produced by the choroid plexus and circulates through the connected ventricles via openings like the foramen of Monro before being absorbed, acting as a cushion and transporting substances to and from the brain.
understanding spinal cord, its bransches, lesions, functions and anatomy.
hope to give you better knowledge of spinal cord by the end of it.
plese review ans comment for my future updates and corrections that iw ill be needing in this.
understanding spinal cord, its bransches, lesions, functions and anatomy.
hope to give you better knowledge of spinal cord by the end of it.
plese review ans comment for my future updates and corrections that iw ill be needing in this.
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cerebrum, sulci and gyri of cerebrum, lobes of cerebrum, frontal lobe , parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe, sulci and gyri presnet in each lobes, and the functional areas , of cerebrum, brodmann areas of cerebrum, borders and surfaces of cerebrum, insula,
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Referred from different sources , here i present a very concise presentation on CRANIAL CAVITY . This presentation will give you complete knowledge of the topic cranial cavity with well elaborated and intellectual diagrams hand picked from F. Netter. ......... Do like and share , Leave your comments so as to get more stuff like this in future.
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. The brain has a
series of ventricles
that hold CSF
(Cerebrospinal
Fluid).
3. • CSF is created by the
choroid plexus and
circulates through the
ventricles until it is
absorbed by the
arachnoid layer.
4. • CSF seems to
1. act as a fluid cushion for the brain
2. transports some substances into/out of the brain
3. maintains pressure around the brain.
5. BRAIN VENTRICLES
The brain is bathed by the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Inside the brain, there are
spaces (ventricles) filled
with CSF
There are 4 ventricles
2 lateral ventricles are
in the brain
hemispheres
3rd ventricle is in the
diencephalon
4th ventricle is
between the pons,
medulla and the
cerebellum
6. They are connected by
The foramen of monro
(lateral -> third),
Cerebral aqueduct
( third -> fourth), and
The foramen of magendie
and luschka
(fourth -> subarachnoid
space/cisterna magna).
7.
8. Lateral Ventricle
Definition :
It is the cavity of
the cerebral
hemisphere.
It is C-shaped.
It has 3 horns &
central part.
Anterior Horn: in
the frontal lobe.
Posterior horn:
in the occipital
lobe
Inferior horn: in
temporal lobe.
Central part or
body: in the
parietal lobe.
9. Lateral Ventricle
Superior view of the
ventricular system.
Lateral ventricle
Anterior horn in the frontal
lobe.
Posterior horn in the
occipital lobe.
Inferior horn in the temporal
lobe.
Body: In the parietal lobe.
The inferior and posterior
horns are connected in the
trigon.
14. Anterior Horn
In the frontal lobe.
Roof:
Corpus callosum
(trunk)
Floor:
Corpus callosum
(Rostrum)
Caudate nucleus
head
Anterior:
Corpus callosum
(Genu)
Medially:
Septum pellucidum.
15.
16. Body or Central part
Lies in the parietal lobe.
Roof:
Corpus callosum (Trunk).
Floor:
Sloping, From lateral to
medial it is formed by:
Body of caudate nucleus,
Upper surface of
thalamus
Choroid plexus,
Body of fornix.
Medial wall:
Septum pellucidum.
Lateral wall:
narrow area at the
meeting of roof & floor.
17. Posterior Horn In the occipital lobe.
Roof, lateral wall:
Are formed by the
Tapetum of the corpus
callosum.
Medially:
There are 2 elevations:
Bulb of posterior horn
(formed by forceps
major-2-).
Calcar avis: produced by
calcarine sulcus-3-.
18.
19. Inferior Horn
It lies in the temporal lobe.
Roof:
Tapetum,
Tail of caudate nucleus,
Amygdaloid nucleus
Stria terminalis.
Floor:
Hippocampus,
Fimbria of hippocampus &
Collateral eminence.
20. Choroid Plexus of the Lateral Ventricle
is a vascular fringe of pia mater
covered with the ependymal lining
of the ventricular cavity
The choroid plexus projects into
the ventricle on its medial aspect
At the junction of the body of the
lateral ventricle and the inferior
horn, the choroid plexus is
continued into the inferior horn.
24. Fourth Ventricle
A tent-shaped cavity filled
with cerebrospinal fluid.
lined with ependyma
continuous above with the
cerebral aqueduct of the
midbrain and below with the
central canal of the medulla
oblongata and the spinal cord
25. Situated
anterior to the cerebellum
and
posterior to the pons and
the superior half of the
medulla oblongata
26. The fourth ventricle possesses
1. Lateral boundaries
2. Roof, and
3. Rhomboid-shaped floor.
27. Lateral Boundaries
The caudal part .... the inferior cerebellar peduncle
The cranial part ..... the superior cerebellar peduncle.
28. Roof or Posterior Wall
The tent-shaped roof projects into
the cerebellum
The superior part....medial
borders of the two superior
cerebellar peduncles and a
connecting sheet of white matter
called the superior medullary
velum
The inferior part ..... the inferior
medullary velum, which consists of
a thin sheet devoid of nervous
tissue and formed by the
ventricular ependyma and its
posterior covering of pia mater
29. Fourth ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid
space through a single median and two lateral
apertures.
In the midline ,the roof is
pierced by a large aperture, the
median aperture or foramen of
Magendie .
Lateral recesses extend laterally
around the sides of the medulla
and open anteriorly as the
lateral openings of the fourth
ventricle, or the foramina of
Luschka .
30. Floor or Rhomboid Fossa
The diamond-shaped floor
formed by the posterior surface of the pons and the
cranial half of the medulla oblongata
is divided into symmetrical halves by the median
sulcus.
the medial eminence, ...
the sulcus limitans.
vestibular area ..vestibular nuclei
34. The facial colliculus
the inferior end of the medial eminence
produced by the fibers from the motor nucleus of the
facial nerve looping over the abducens nucleus
Substantia ferruginea
Lies at the superior end of the sulcus limitans, there is a
bluish-gray area, nerve cells contain melanin pigment.
Stria medullaris
Strands of nerve fibers derived from the arcuate nuclei,
emerge from the median sulcus and pass laterally over the
medial eminence and the vestibular area and enter the
inferior cerebellar peduncle to reach the cerebellum
36. Choroid Plexus of the Fourth Ventricle is formed
the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries.
The choroid plexus has a T
shape
The vertical part of the T
is double .
Is formed from the highly
vascular tela choroidea.
The tela choroidea is a
two-layered fold of pia
mater that projects
through the roof of the
ventricle and is covered by
ependyma.