The document summarizes the anatomy and divisions of the nervous system. It notes that the nervous system is divided anatomically into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system, and functionally into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The hindbrain contains the pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum. The spinal cord runs from the foramen magnum to the L1/L2 vertebrae and contains 31 pairs of spinal nerves. The meninges are the protective layers surrounding the CNS.

2. Dr. ShabanaAli
IIMC

3.  Divisipn
 Meninges

4.  Nervous system is dividedAnatomically into:
 1. Central Nervous System.
 2. Peripheral Nervous System.
Functionally it is divided into:
 1. Somatic Nervous System .
 2. Autonomic Nervous System .

5.  1.Brain and
 2.spinal cord
 Parts of brain
 Forebrain or prosencephalon
 Midbrain or mesencephalon
 Hindbrain or rhombencephalon

7.  Parts of hindbrain
▪ Pons
▪ Medulla oblongata
▪ Cerebellum

8.  2.spinal cord
 Starts at foramen
magnum and ends at
L2 level.

9.  Twelve pairs of cranial nerves
 Thirty one pairs of spinal nerves
▪ Cervical – 8
▪ Thoracic – 12
▪ Lumbar – 5
▪ Sacral – 5
▪ Coccygeal – 1

10.  Composition of a spinal nerve
▪ Sensory fibres
▪ Motor fibres
▪ Autonomic fibres

11. Brain stem
Cranial nerves
Spinal cord

12.  Dura mater---outermost
 Arachnoid mater---middle S2 LEVEL
 Pia mater---innermost----coccycx
 Also cover the spinal cord after passing
through foramen magnum

13. 1.Falx cerebri
2.Tentorium cerebelli
3.Falx cerebelli

14. Falx cerebri

19.  Central sulcus
 parietoocipital sulcus
 Lateral sulcus

23. Ant cerebral
Middle cerebral
Post cerebral

24. Foramen magnum to lower border of
L1 or upper border ofL2

25.  DURA MATER
 ARACHNOID MATER
 PIA MATER

26. Vertebral body
pedicle
spine
laminaGrey mater
White mater

27. Anterior and posterior spinal artery

28.  Ventral ramus and dorsal ramus
 Spinal nerve
 Divides into anterior and posterior rami
 Anterior --- -- body nerve plexus
 Posterior rami—sensory innervation to a
skin segment known as a
dermatome

29.  Ventral Roots
 The ventral (motor) roots consist of efferent
fibers that convey output from the spinal
cord.
There are two components:
(1) innervate voluntary striated muscles,
(2) influences to involuntary smooth
muscles,cardiac muscle, and glands

30.  Ventral spinal root Muscles innervated
 C5–6 Biceps brachii (flexes elbow)
 C6–8 Triceps brachii (extends elbow)
 T1–8 Thoracic musculature
 T6–12 Abdominal musculature
 L2–4 Quadriceps femoris (knee jerk,
patellar tendon reflex)
 L5–S1–2 Gastrocnemius (ankle jerk,
Achilles tendon reflex

31.  Dorsal spinal root Body region innervated
 C2 Occiput
 C4 Neck and upper shoulder
 T1 Upper thorax and inner side of arm
 T4 Nipple zone
 T10 Umbilical girdle zone
 L1 Inguinal region
 L4 Great toe, lateral thigh, and medial leg
 S3 Medial thigh
 S5 Perianal region

35.  Two parts
▪ Sympathetic
▪ Parasympathetic
 Functions of autonomic N S
 Involuntary
 Controls activities of heart, smooth muscles of
GIT, blood vessels & glands

37.  Smallest functional
unit is neuron
 It consists of cell body
and cell processes

38.  Unipolar
 Bipolar
 Pseudo uni polar
 Multipolar

45.  BONES ATTHE BASE
OFTHE BRAIN