1. The document discusses several major historical turning points that had significant impacts and led to changes, including the Neolithic Revolution, the fall of the Roman Empire, the Crusades, the Printing Press, the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Age of Exploration, the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Enlightenment, the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the Meiji Restoration, World War I, and more.
2. Many of these events involved new technologies, religious or political ideologies, or economic and social conditions that challenged the existing order and led societies to develop in new directions.
3. The impacts often included increased trade and exchange of ideas, the rise of new social classes and power
This document provides an overview of human history from 2.5 million BCE to 500 BCE. It describes how early humans lived in small hunter-gatherer bands and were mostly nomadic, though some permanent settlements emerged. Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon man inhabited caves and left behind cave paintings. From 8000-3000 BCE, permanent agricultural settlements developed along with technologies like farming and pottery-making. Some of the earliest cities like Catal Huyuk and Jericho emerged during this period. The document then focuses on the major early civilizations that arose, including those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China, outlining their key geographic features, beliefs, achievements and influences.
The document summarizes several major historical events and periods:
1) The fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE which led to the Dark Ages in Europe and the emergence of feudalism.
2) The Crusades from 1095-1272 CE which resulted in increased trade in Europe and the rise of royal power over nobles.
3) The Printing Press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1436 which created a printing revolution and spread ideas and literacy.
4) The Renaissance in the 1400s which saw a renewal of Greco-Roman ideals and patronage of the arts that would influence Western culture.
This document provides an overview of transformations in Europe between 1500-1750 CE. It discusses the Protestant Reformation sparked by Martin Luther challenging the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. It also describes the Scientific Revolution led by figures like Copernicus, Galileo and Newton that undermined traditional earth-centered models of the universe. Finally, it summarizes the growth of new social and economic trends like the rise of the bourgeoisie and use of coal instead of wood due to shortages.
Chapter 12 Ways of the World, Worlds of 15th century S Sandoval
AP World History / Ways of the World second edition by Robert W. Strayer. Summary of Chapter 12 An Age of Accelerating Connections 500-1500, The worlds of the fifteenth century.
This document provides an overview of transformations in Europe from 1500-1750. It discusses the Protestant Reformation and resulting religious wars. Martin Luther rejected the Pope's authority and ideas spread rapidly with the printing press. The Scientific Revolution led figures like Copernicus, Galileo and Newton to explore natural causes for the universe rather than supernatural forces. Socioeconomically, the bourgeoisie class grew wealthy through trade while most peasants saw declining standards of living. Politically, monarchies consolidated power through absolutism while philosophers like Locke began asserting people's rights and duties against the monarch.
Chapter 9 world of islam: Afro-Eurasian connections, Ways of the World bookS Sandoval
AP World History Book, Ways of the World, Second Edition by Robert W. Strayer, Summary of Chapter 11: The Worlds of Islam 600-1500. An age of Accelerating Connections. Study and Enjoy!
This document provides an overview of human history from 2.5 million BCE to 500 BCE. It describes how early humans lived in small hunter-gatherer bands and were mostly nomadic, though some permanent settlements emerged. Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon man inhabited caves and left behind cave paintings. From 8000-3000 BCE, permanent agricultural settlements developed along with technologies like farming and pottery-making. Some of the earliest cities like Catal Huyuk and Jericho emerged during this period. The document then focuses on the major early civilizations that arose, including those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China, outlining their key geographic features, beliefs, achievements and influences.
The document summarizes several major historical events and periods:
1) The fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE which led to the Dark Ages in Europe and the emergence of feudalism.
2) The Crusades from 1095-1272 CE which resulted in increased trade in Europe and the rise of royal power over nobles.
3) The Printing Press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1436 which created a printing revolution and spread ideas and literacy.
4) The Renaissance in the 1400s which saw a renewal of Greco-Roman ideals and patronage of the arts that would influence Western culture.
This document provides an overview of transformations in Europe between 1500-1750 CE. It discusses the Protestant Reformation sparked by Martin Luther challenging the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. It also describes the Scientific Revolution led by figures like Copernicus, Galileo and Newton that undermined traditional earth-centered models of the universe. Finally, it summarizes the growth of new social and economic trends like the rise of the bourgeoisie and use of coal instead of wood due to shortages.
Chapter 12 Ways of the World, Worlds of 15th century S Sandoval
AP World History / Ways of the World second edition by Robert W. Strayer. Summary of Chapter 12 An Age of Accelerating Connections 500-1500, The worlds of the fifteenth century.
This document provides an overview of transformations in Europe from 1500-1750. It discusses the Protestant Reformation and resulting religious wars. Martin Luther rejected the Pope's authority and ideas spread rapidly with the printing press. The Scientific Revolution led figures like Copernicus, Galileo and Newton to explore natural causes for the universe rather than supernatural forces. Socioeconomically, the bourgeoisie class grew wealthy through trade while most peasants saw declining standards of living. Politically, monarchies consolidated power through absolutism while philosophers like Locke began asserting people's rights and duties against the monarch.
Chapter 9 world of islam: Afro-Eurasian connections, Ways of the World bookS Sandoval
AP World History Book, Ways of the World, Second Edition by Robert W. Strayer, Summary of Chapter 11: The Worlds of Islam 600-1500. An age of Accelerating Connections. Study and Enjoy!
The document provides an overview of developments in Europe and surrounding regions from 300-1200 CE. It discusses the emergence of the Byzantine Empire and its strengths including religious and political unity. It then describes threats the empire faced from foreign invaders and its eventual loss of power and territories. The document also summarizes the rise of feudalism and manorialism in early medieval Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
1. The document provides information about the Byzantine Empire, including its origins as the Eastern Roman Empire established by Constantine in Constantinople in 330 CE.
2. It discusses important figures like Constantine, Justinian, and Theodora and events like the Great Schism of 1054 that divided the Catholic Western Church and Eastern Orthodox Church.
3. The document also covers aspects of Byzantine culture like the Greek language, architecture styles like domes and arches, and religious art like mosaics, as well as the reasons for the eventual fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 CE.
AP World History - Mesopotamia and EgyptS Sandoval
Both Egypt and Mesopotamia developed along major river valleys and depended on irrigation for agriculture. However, Egypt was more politically and culturally stable due to the predictable flooding of the Nile, while Mesopotamia's environment was harsher and less predictable due to the violent flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Mesopotamian society developed sharp social divisions and a bleak outlook, whereas Egyptian society was less stratified and had a more hopeful worldview centered around the cycles of the Nile. Overall, these civilizations exhibited both continuity and change over thousands of years.
Chapter 8 Ways of the World AP World History Book By R. Strayer - China and t...S Sandoval
AP World History - Ways of the World by Strayer. Chapter 8: China and the world. Tribute System, China and Korea, China and Vietnam, China and Buddhism, China and Japan.
This document provides information about various topics related to early civilizations. It discusses Stonehenge and characteristics of early civilizations. It then covers river valley civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China. Next it discusses key religions such as Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and others. It also summarizes important figures and events in early civilizations like ancient Greece, Rome, and Persia. In summary, the document outlines the rise and characteristics of early civilizations globally, their religious and cultural developments, as well as influential figures and time periods.
The document summarizes the Tang and Song dynasties in China and three West African kingdoms - Mali, Ghana, and Songhai. The Tang dynasty experienced political stability and economic prosperity through a merit-based bureaucracy and revival of Confucianism. The Song dynasty saw further economic growth through innovations like paper money and advances in rice cultivation. The West African kingdoms controlled trans-Saharan trade routes and gold/salt commerce, with Mali and Songhai establishing strong centralized governments under powerful kings who adopted aspects of Muslim rule.
The Mayan Temple of the Great Jaguar in Tikal, Guatemala was built in the 8th century AD to serve as the tomb for ruler Chan K'awill. The 144 foot tall temple has a steep pyramid shape with nine large steps and hundreds of small steps, topped by a temple with a roof featuring carvings. While its explicit purpose was as a tomb, it also served to accentuate the ruler's power and status by widening the physical distance between those at the top and bottom of the structure.
The document provides information on China and Korea during the Tang and Song dynasties in China. It summarizes that during this era, China was one of the most advanced civilizations in the world under the Tang dynasty which ruled for almost 300 years. It then discusses the Chinese bureaucracy and civil service examination system. In Korea, three kingdoms emerged during this period: Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. The Silla kingdom eventually defeated the other two and unified Korea. The document then shifts to discussing the Song dynasty in China, noting its prosperity, advancements, and changes to society including the rise of a new upper class called the gentry. Trade and foreign relations expanded significantly under the Song. The Mong
The document summarizes the key motives and methods of the New Imperialism between 1869-1914. It discusses how European powers used economic and technological dominance to establish colonies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as suppliers of raw materials and markets for goods. They exploited existing political divisions and military superiority to rapidly expand their colonial empires. This transformed environments globally and integrated local economies into the growing world market system.
Western European colonial empires were distinct because they expanded through maritime exploration and conquered territories located overseas rather than adjacent to the homelands. They had advantages including geography, naval technology, and military prowess. Local divisions and diseases devastated Native populations, aiding European dominance. Though the empires differed in policies, they all generated new colonial societies oriented around mercantilism. The Spanish established extensive settlements and infrastructure in Mexico and Peru before English colonization began. Russia expanded into Siberia, absorbing native groups. The Qing dynasty brought outer regions like Tibet and Xinjiang under Chinese control using local elites but without forced assimilation. Religious differences divided the Mughal Empire's Muslim rulers from the Hindu majority population.
The document summarizes political and cultural developments in Inner and Eastern Asia between 400-1200 CE. It describes the rise and fall of the Sui and Tang Empires in China, followed by division and the emergence of the Song Empire in the south. It also discusses the Liao and Jin states that separated China from Central Asia after the Tang. Additionally, it outlines the influence of China on surrounding regions like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam through cultural diffusion of Confucianism, Buddhism, technology, and administrative practices during this period.
The document provides information about Rome and Han China between 753 BCE and 330 CE. It describes the founding and expansion of Rome as it conquered the Mediterranean region. It also details the establishment of the Qin and long reign of the Han dynasties in China as they expanded their empire and standardized government. Both empires developed advanced urban societies and economies but eventually declined due to overexpansion of territory, the high costs of defense, and nomadic invasions.
This document provides an overview of world history from 500 BCE to 500 CE, referred to as the period of second-wave civilizations. It discusses how after the collapse of early civilizations, new urban societies emerged across Afro-Eurasia, continuing the global spread of civilization. While states and empires rose and fell regularly, the basic social hierarchies and lack of economic transformation meant fundamental human organizations did not change substantially during this era. The document examines both continuities like monarchical rule and growing populations, as well as some significant developments such as larger empires and new major cultural traditions.
The document discusses the effects of the Crusades from the 11th-13th centuries. It states that the Crusades weakened the Byzantine Empire and allowed the Ottoman Turks to eventually conquer Constantinople in 1453. The Crusades also expanded cultural and economic exchange between Europe and the Middle East, increasing knowledge of places like Palestine in Europe. This stimulated trade and the development of banking/accounting in Italian cities like Venice and Genoa. The Crusades also introduced new technologies, literature, heraldry, and architectural styles to Europe. However, the cultural exchange was mostly from East to West, and the Crusades had negative impacts on the Muslim world by undermining tolerance.
This document provides an overview of world history from 1450-1750, covering major empires and developments across Afro-Eurasia and the Americas. It discusses the rise of absolutism, global trade networks, coercive labor systems, and religious rivalries during this period. Specific empires and regions highlighted include Ming China, Tokugawa Japan, the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, western European powers, African kingdoms, Russian states, and Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas.
This document provides an overview of the Byzantine Empire and Western Europe between 200-850 CE. It discusses how the Roman Empire split into three civilizations: the Byzantine Empire, Western Europe/Western Christendom, and the Islamic World. It then focuses on the Byzantine Empire, noting its strong military and legal systems, use of Greek language and culture, and role in preserving classical knowledge. Constantinople was highlighted as the wealthy capital. The document also discusses the development of Christianity and the Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire.
This document discusses the medieval Christian worldview. It summarizes that medieval thought was:
1) Authoritarian, relying on theological authority and approved texts rather than independent reasoning.
2) Theocentric, viewing all knowledge through a religious framework with God and the Church at the center.
3) Ecclesiastical, with the Church holding intellectual and spiritual prestige such that art, science, and knowledge were largely produced and controlled by the clergy.
The document summarizes several major world religions and belief systems including animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and others. It provides information on their origins, key beliefs, practices, holy books, and historical and cultural significance. The religions discussed have shaped civilizations and societies across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas over thousands of years and continue to be practiced by billions of people worldwide today.
This Jeopardy game template contains questions about history, civilizations, religions, and leaders from various regions including Africa, Southwest Asia, China, Japan, and more. There are $100-$500 questions arranged in five categories with clues and spaces for contestants to provide answers. The final Jeopardy question and space to write an answer are also included at the bottom.
The document provides an overview of developments in Europe and surrounding regions from 300-1200 CE. It discusses the emergence of the Byzantine Empire and its strengths including religious and political unity. It then describes threats the empire faced from foreign invaders and its eventual loss of power and territories. The document also summarizes the rise of feudalism and manorialism in early medieval Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
1. The document provides information about the Byzantine Empire, including its origins as the Eastern Roman Empire established by Constantine in Constantinople in 330 CE.
2. It discusses important figures like Constantine, Justinian, and Theodora and events like the Great Schism of 1054 that divided the Catholic Western Church and Eastern Orthodox Church.
3. The document also covers aspects of Byzantine culture like the Greek language, architecture styles like domes and arches, and religious art like mosaics, as well as the reasons for the eventual fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 CE.
AP World History - Mesopotamia and EgyptS Sandoval
Both Egypt and Mesopotamia developed along major river valleys and depended on irrigation for agriculture. However, Egypt was more politically and culturally stable due to the predictable flooding of the Nile, while Mesopotamia's environment was harsher and less predictable due to the violent flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Mesopotamian society developed sharp social divisions and a bleak outlook, whereas Egyptian society was less stratified and had a more hopeful worldview centered around the cycles of the Nile. Overall, these civilizations exhibited both continuity and change over thousands of years.
Chapter 8 Ways of the World AP World History Book By R. Strayer - China and t...S Sandoval
AP World History - Ways of the World by Strayer. Chapter 8: China and the world. Tribute System, China and Korea, China and Vietnam, China and Buddhism, China and Japan.
This document provides information about various topics related to early civilizations. It discusses Stonehenge and characteristics of early civilizations. It then covers river valley civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China. Next it discusses key religions such as Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and others. It also summarizes important figures and events in early civilizations like ancient Greece, Rome, and Persia. In summary, the document outlines the rise and characteristics of early civilizations globally, their religious and cultural developments, as well as influential figures and time periods.
The document summarizes the Tang and Song dynasties in China and three West African kingdoms - Mali, Ghana, and Songhai. The Tang dynasty experienced political stability and economic prosperity through a merit-based bureaucracy and revival of Confucianism. The Song dynasty saw further economic growth through innovations like paper money and advances in rice cultivation. The West African kingdoms controlled trans-Saharan trade routes and gold/salt commerce, with Mali and Songhai establishing strong centralized governments under powerful kings who adopted aspects of Muslim rule.
The Mayan Temple of the Great Jaguar in Tikal, Guatemala was built in the 8th century AD to serve as the tomb for ruler Chan K'awill. The 144 foot tall temple has a steep pyramid shape with nine large steps and hundreds of small steps, topped by a temple with a roof featuring carvings. While its explicit purpose was as a tomb, it also served to accentuate the ruler's power and status by widening the physical distance between those at the top and bottom of the structure.
The document provides information on China and Korea during the Tang and Song dynasties in China. It summarizes that during this era, China was one of the most advanced civilizations in the world under the Tang dynasty which ruled for almost 300 years. It then discusses the Chinese bureaucracy and civil service examination system. In Korea, three kingdoms emerged during this period: Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. The Silla kingdom eventually defeated the other two and unified Korea. The document then shifts to discussing the Song dynasty in China, noting its prosperity, advancements, and changes to society including the rise of a new upper class called the gentry. Trade and foreign relations expanded significantly under the Song. The Mong
The document summarizes the key motives and methods of the New Imperialism between 1869-1914. It discusses how European powers used economic and technological dominance to establish colonies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as suppliers of raw materials and markets for goods. They exploited existing political divisions and military superiority to rapidly expand their colonial empires. This transformed environments globally and integrated local economies into the growing world market system.
Western European colonial empires were distinct because they expanded through maritime exploration and conquered territories located overseas rather than adjacent to the homelands. They had advantages including geography, naval technology, and military prowess. Local divisions and diseases devastated Native populations, aiding European dominance. Though the empires differed in policies, they all generated new colonial societies oriented around mercantilism. The Spanish established extensive settlements and infrastructure in Mexico and Peru before English colonization began. Russia expanded into Siberia, absorbing native groups. The Qing dynasty brought outer regions like Tibet and Xinjiang under Chinese control using local elites but without forced assimilation. Religious differences divided the Mughal Empire's Muslim rulers from the Hindu majority population.
The document summarizes political and cultural developments in Inner and Eastern Asia between 400-1200 CE. It describes the rise and fall of the Sui and Tang Empires in China, followed by division and the emergence of the Song Empire in the south. It also discusses the Liao and Jin states that separated China from Central Asia after the Tang. Additionally, it outlines the influence of China on surrounding regions like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam through cultural diffusion of Confucianism, Buddhism, technology, and administrative practices during this period.
The document provides information about Rome and Han China between 753 BCE and 330 CE. It describes the founding and expansion of Rome as it conquered the Mediterranean region. It also details the establishment of the Qin and long reign of the Han dynasties in China as they expanded their empire and standardized government. Both empires developed advanced urban societies and economies but eventually declined due to overexpansion of territory, the high costs of defense, and nomadic invasions.
This document provides an overview of world history from 500 BCE to 500 CE, referred to as the period of second-wave civilizations. It discusses how after the collapse of early civilizations, new urban societies emerged across Afro-Eurasia, continuing the global spread of civilization. While states and empires rose and fell regularly, the basic social hierarchies and lack of economic transformation meant fundamental human organizations did not change substantially during this era. The document examines both continuities like monarchical rule and growing populations, as well as some significant developments such as larger empires and new major cultural traditions.
The document discusses the effects of the Crusades from the 11th-13th centuries. It states that the Crusades weakened the Byzantine Empire and allowed the Ottoman Turks to eventually conquer Constantinople in 1453. The Crusades also expanded cultural and economic exchange between Europe and the Middle East, increasing knowledge of places like Palestine in Europe. This stimulated trade and the development of banking/accounting in Italian cities like Venice and Genoa. The Crusades also introduced new technologies, literature, heraldry, and architectural styles to Europe. However, the cultural exchange was mostly from East to West, and the Crusades had negative impacts on the Muslim world by undermining tolerance.
This document provides an overview of world history from 1450-1750, covering major empires and developments across Afro-Eurasia and the Americas. It discusses the rise of absolutism, global trade networks, coercive labor systems, and religious rivalries during this period. Specific empires and regions highlighted include Ming China, Tokugawa Japan, the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, western European powers, African kingdoms, Russian states, and Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas.
This document provides an overview of the Byzantine Empire and Western Europe between 200-850 CE. It discusses how the Roman Empire split into three civilizations: the Byzantine Empire, Western Europe/Western Christendom, and the Islamic World. It then focuses on the Byzantine Empire, noting its strong military and legal systems, use of Greek language and culture, and role in preserving classical knowledge. Constantinople was highlighted as the wealthy capital. The document also discusses the development of Christianity and the Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire.
This document discusses the medieval Christian worldview. It summarizes that medieval thought was:
1) Authoritarian, relying on theological authority and approved texts rather than independent reasoning.
2) Theocentric, viewing all knowledge through a religious framework with God and the Church at the center.
3) Ecclesiastical, with the Church holding intellectual and spiritual prestige such that art, science, and knowledge were largely produced and controlled by the clergy.
The document summarizes several major world religions and belief systems including animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and others. It provides information on their origins, key beliefs, practices, holy books, and historical and cultural significance. The religions discussed have shaped civilizations and societies across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas over thousands of years and continue to be practiced by billions of people worldwide today.
This Jeopardy game template contains questions about history, civilizations, religions, and leaders from various regions including Africa, Southwest Asia, China, Japan, and more. There are $100-$500 questions arranged in five categories with clues and spaces for contestants to provide answers. The final Jeopardy question and space to write an answer are also included at the bottom.
The Cold War emerged after World War II as tensions grew between the Western powers (US, Britain, France) and the Soviet Union. Germany and Berlin were divided between the Western Allies and Soviet control. Over time, Eastern European nations fell under Soviet control as well, separated by an "Iron Curtain". The US and Western nations established policies and alliances like the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and NATO to contain the spread of communism and Soviet influence, engaging in a nuclear arms race and policy of brinkmanship with the Soviet Union. These tensions defined the Cold War era between the Western and Eastern blocs.
The document discusses the decolonization of Africa following World War II, focusing on the independence of Ghana and Kenya. It describes the non-violent and violent methods used to gain independence, including civil disobedience, strikes, boycotts, and in the case of Kenya, the Mau Mau uprising. It notes that Ghana gained independence in 1957 as the first sub-Saharan nation and discusses the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah. For Kenya, it outlines Jomo Kenyatta's role in leading protests and being imprisoned before becoming prime minister after independence was negotiated in 1963.
This document summarizes key events during Mao Zedong's rule in China, including his consolidation of power, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution. The Great Leap Forward led to widespread famine that killed 20 million people after commune-based industries produced poor goods and agricultural output declined. The Cultural Revolution closed schools for over a decade, created a "Lost Generation," drove millions from their jobs, and slowed the economy, requiring the army to restore order and control the Red Guards. Both programs had disastrous results and reduced Mao's power.
The document provides background on the independence movement in India and the creation of Pakistan. It discusses how India was ruled by Britain and the rise of Indian nationalism represented by the Indian National Congress. However, the Congress did not adequately represent Muslims, leading to the formation of the Muslim League. Key figures like Gandhi, Jinnah, and Tilak led movements for independence using different approaches. Tensions grew between Hindus and Muslims, with Jinnah supporting the idea of an independent Muslim state of Pakistan. After World War II, the British passed the India Independence Act in 1947, granting independence but partitioning British India into the newly independent dominions of India and Pakistan.
The document summarizes the Chinese Communist Revolution from 1899 to 1949. It describes the rise of Chinese nationalism in response to foreign influence, the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty by the Nationalist Party led by Sun Yixian, and the subsequent civil war between the Nationalists and Communists led by Mao Zedong. After years of conflict, including fighting together against Japanese invasion, Mao and the Communists emerged victorious in 1949, establishing the People's Republic of China with Mao as its leader.
This document provides a table of contents for a book about the Prophet Muhammad written by Kais Al Kalby. The table of contents lists 7 parts with multiple chapters in each part discussing topics like prophecies of Muhammad, his role as the last messenger in the Bible, Abraham in the Middle East, and Muhammad's lineage being descended from Prince Kedar. The document also includes quotes praising the book from Islamic scholars and community leaders.
The document provides information about events in Europe, Korea, Cuba, Vietnam, and a potpourri section in a question and answer format. It covers topics like the start of the Cold War after World War II, the Iron Curtain, the Berlin Airlift, the formation of NATO and Warsaw Pact alliances, Stalin's refusal to hold elections in Eastern Europe, the start and end of the Korean War at the 38th Parallel, General MacArthur leading UN forces in Korea, Castro leading a revolution in Cuba against Batista, the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam topics like the Viet Cong and Ho Chi Minh, the Gulf of Tonkin incident under LBJ, reasons for US
The document summarizes key developments during the Industrial Revolution in England, including improvements to farming techniques that increased food production, the mechanization of textile manufacturing which brought machinery and the factory system, the development of steam power using coal which allowed factories to operate, and infrastructure changes like paved roads and railroads which facilitated transportation and further industrial growth. These changes transformed the economy from agriculture to industry and greatly increased production.
The document provides information about the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires in the 15th-16th centuries and the subsequent Latin American revolutions against Spanish rule in the early 19th century. It notes that the Spanish were able to defeat the Aztecs and Incas through factors like disease, alliances with enemies, technology/animals, and military tactics. Leaders like Miguel Hidalgo and Simon Bolivar led independence movements that eventually liberated Mexico and much of South America from Spain, though the political and economic systems remained unequal with new elites replacing Spanish ones.
Three things were needed to end the Sengoku Era in Japan:
1) Oda Nobunaga utilized ruthless force and military skill to unite most of Honshu before being betrayed and killed in 1580.
2) Toyotomi Hideyoshi utilized great military skill and diplomacy to pacify resisting daimyos, becoming the military master of Japan by 1590 before dying in 1598.
3) Tokugawa Ieyasu utilized military and political skill to limit the power of the daimyos, being granted the title of Shogun in 1603 and unifying Japan, ending the era of "sengoku".
The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea, capturing Seoul and much of the South quickly. UN forces led by the US intervened and pushed the North Koreans back to the Pusan Perimeter. General MacArthur then launched an amphibious invasion at Inchon, cutting North Korean supply lines and allowing UN forces to drive north. When China entered the war in late 1950, UN forces were pushed back south. Fighting eventually stabilized along the original border, leading to an armistice in 1953 that divided Korea along the 38th parallel. The war resulted in over 1 million casualties between all sides.
1) Conditions in factories and mines during the Industrial Revolution were harsh, with long work days of 12-14 hours and few breaks. Workers faced frequent accidents and had no job security.
2) As more people moved to cities for work, urban populations doubled or tripled in size. However, living conditions in cities were dirty and dangerous due to a lack of infrastructure and regulations.
3) The new social structure included a wealthy upper class of landowners and entrepreneurs who owned factories, a growing middle class of professionals and merchants, and a large lower working class who were poor, unskilled, and had little power or influence.
The document summarizes the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s. Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) weakened the Soviet hold on Eastern Europe. This allowed for pro-democracy movements to take hold in countries like Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria. The reforms also weakened the Soviet Union itself, leading to its collapse in 1991 and the formation of independent republics.
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to longstanding inequalities between social classes and the abuse of power by King Louis XVI. Inequality among the three estates and Enlightenment ideas led the Third Estate to form the National Assembly and storm the Bastille prison, marking the start of the revolution. The monarchy was overthrown and a republic established, but radical Jacobins seized power and instituted a Reign of Terror from 1793-94 using the guillotine to execute those seen as enemies of the revolution. By 1794 moderate leaders had ended the Terror and executions.
Miguel Hidalgo was a highly educated Creole priest in Mexico who wanted independence from Spain. In 1810 he gave a famous speech calling on indigenous and mestizo people to take up arms against the Spanish. He led a large rebel army but was eventually captured and executed. Simon Bolivar was a Creole military officer from Venezuela who wanted to liberate South America from Spanish rule. Between 1808-1824 he led independence movements that liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia from Spain. Though he wanted to unite these countries, political infighting prevented the unity of "Gran Colombia" and he died of tuberculosis in 1830.
This virtual museum document provides information about several important Muslim rulers and sites from the 1450-1750 period. It includes sections on Akbar the Great of the Mughal Empire in India, the Taj Mahal, Mehmet II who conquered Constantinople in 1453, and the Ottoman Empire's early expansion. Visitors can select different rooms to learn more about these rulers' religious policies, architectural legacies, and military conquests that expanded their empires and made them the dominant powers in their regions.
1. The document provides information about reasons for the Russian Revolution and the rise of communism in Russia. It discusses the weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II and huge differences between social classes that led to unrest.
2. After Lenin's death in 1924, there was a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky for control of the Soviet Union. Stalin eventually consolidated power through ruthless political maneuvers.
3. Under Stalin's rule, the Soviet Union instituted policies like collectivization, industrialization, and censorship of cultural life. Stalin aimed to transform Russia into a global power through these programs and by glorifying himself.
The document discusses the rise of absolutism in France under King Louis XIV and his efforts to centralize power. It describes how Louis XIV and his chief minister Cardinal Richelieu reduced the power of the nobility and strengthened the monarchy. Louis went on to declare absolute rule and built the grand Palace of Versailles to demonstrate his supreme authority. He revoked protections for Huguenots and imposed religious unity, pursuing increasingly absolutist policies. Overall, the document examines how Louis XIV centralized power in the monarchy at the expense of other groups to establish absolute rule in France.
The Renaissance period saw a revival of classical Greco-Roman ideas in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries. This cultural and intellectual movement was spurred by increased trade and wealth in Italian city-states, which exposed people to new ideas. Major developments included the printing press spreading knowledge, Copernicus and Galileo challenging the Church's geocentric view of the universe, and the Protestant Reformation questioning Church authority. The subsequent Enlightenment applied reason to philosophy, government, and society, promoting ideas of individual rights and challenging absolute monarchies. Thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau influenced revolutions in America and France seeking more democratic forms of government.
Europe has an area of 10,180,000 km2 and a population of 710 million people. It has a long and diverse history, from prehistoric human settlements to the rise and fall of ancient empires like Rome and Byzantium. Major developments include the Renaissance, Age of Discovery, industrial revolution, and two world wars in the 20th century. Today, Europe is composed of independent nation states with close economic and political cooperation between members of the European Union.
The document summarizes the Middle Ages period in European history from around the 5th to 15th centuries. It covers the origins of the period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the significance of the transition to the modern world, and some outstanding achievements during this time including the establishment of universities, advances in law, commerce, architecture, arts, sciences, and more.
Global convergence from 1400 to 1800 led to accelerating changes worldwide. Ideas, goods, technologies, and pathogens spread further and faster as trade networks expanded. World population grew significantly due to improved nutrition, while disease devastated native populations in the Americas. States and empires grew larger and more powerful through conquests, colonization, and wealth from trade and manufacturing. Challenges to absolutist rulers emerged from new social elites and ideas about human rights and democracy. Overall, this era saw the world become more interconnected as it moved closer to the modern globalized world.
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance period including its key events and developments. It discusses the transition from feudalism to the rise of city-states in Italy, influenced by factors like geography, climate, and social organization. The humanist approach emphasized individual achievement and potential through education. Ideas spread through universities, travelling scholars, and royal courts. The printing press mass produced books, aiding the spread of knowledge. Exploration increased due to mindsets of curiosity and faith in human potential, and motivations like economic demands for goods and expanding Christianity and wealth of nations.
1) This document discusses the historical background of European colonization in the Americas from the Renaissance period to the founding of Roanoke colony.
2) It describes the political, economic, religious, and technological developments in Europe that enabled transatlantic voyages, including the rise of nation-states, urbanization, and advances in navigation.
3) The document also summarizes the Spanish and Portuguese colonization of the Americas in the 15th-16th centuries, including the conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires, and the resulting Columbian Exchange between the Old and New Worlds.
1) This document discusses the social, political, economic, and religious transformations in Europe from the Renaissance to the 16th century that set the stage for European colonization of the Americas.
2) It describes advances in technology, navigation, and the growth of powerful nation-states that enabled trans-oceanic voyages of exploration and conquest.
3) The document summarizes the initial colonization of the Americas by Spain and Portugal through figures like Columbus and Cortes, as well as the devastating impacts on indigenous populations and the Columbian Exchange that resulted.
The document provides an overview of the key factors that led to the rise of the Renaissance in Western Europe between 1300-1600 CE. It discusses how increased trade and the growth of powerful city-states in Italy, new forms of stronger central government, changes in the power and influence of the Catholic Church, and the impact of the Black Death plague all contributed to the transition from the medieval period and the "rebirth" of interest in classical Greco-Roman thought and emphasis on human potential and secular achievements that characterized the Renaissance.
World history fall semester final reviewJamie Luna
This document provides a review of topics covered in a World History fall semester final exam. It covers the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages, the emergence of early civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China. It then discusses ancient Greece and Rome, including the rise of democracy in Athens and oligarchy in Sparta. The document also summarizes the fall of Rome, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and Age of Exploration. Key events, innovations, and civilizations from each time period are highlighted at a high level to help with final exam preparation.
The document discusses the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Middle Ages. It cites disease (the bubonic plague) and invasions by tribes from modern-day Germany and France as contributing to the fall of Rome. This led to the emergence of a feudal system and the rise of power of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, a time of castles, knights, and isolated manors for protection. Important technological developments during this period included water wheels, eyeglasses, mechanical clocks, printing, and gunpowder.
The document summarizes information from several videos about history and ancient civilizations. It discusses the Little Ice Age period in Europe between the 14th-19th centuries and the impact of the Black Death plague. It also provides overviews of the story of God from a science and religion perspective, the Moorish rule in Spain, Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs and Steel theory about societal development, the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes and his conquest of the Aztec Empire, and the deciphering of the ancient Maya hieroglyphic code.
1. The Protestant Reformation began in the early 16th century led by Martin Luther and John Calvin, challenging Catholic Church practices.
2. Scientific advances like Copernicus' sun-centered model and Newton's law of gravity led to challenges of traditional religious views of the natural world.
3. Many European states consolidated political power during this period, developing absolutist styles of rule, while religious conflicts continued.
Between 1450-1750, global interactions increased dramatically due to advances in ship technology and the rise of maritime empires. The Atlantic slave trade expanded greatly to supply labor for the Americas. Major social and demographic changes occurred as crops and diseases were exchanged between the Old and New Worlds, and millions of people were forced into transatlantic slavery. Culturally, the European Renaissance and Reformation reshaped intellectual life and challenged the authority of the Catholic Church.
Between 1450-1750, global interactions increased dramatically due to advances in ship technology and the rise of maritime empires. The Atlantic slave trade expanded greatly to support the colonies in the Americas. Major cultural and religious changes also occurred in Europe during this period, including the Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and growing influence of science and philosophy.
The Medieval period in Europe began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and lasted until around 1500 AD. This period saw the migration of Germanic tribes into Europe, the rise of the Catholic Church and feudal system of government. Significant events included the Crusades beginning in 1099 to retake the Holy Land from Muslim rule, and the Black Death pandemic in the mid-14th century that killed around one-third of Europe's population. By the end of the Medieval era, the foundations were being laid for the Renaissance and modern Europe through developments in trade, education and culture.
1. Prior to European contact in the 15th century, the Americas were home to diverse indigenous cultures, but European arrival irrevocably changed these cultures and connected the Americas to global changes.
2. The geography of Europe, Africa, and the Americas impacted how technology developed in each region and drove European exploration across oceans.
3. Multiple social, political, religious, intellectual, and economic factors in 15th-16th century Europe, including developments like the Renaissance, contributed to the Age of Discovery and changing global connections through colonization and slave trade networks.
The document provides information on the European Renaissance and Reformation. It begins by explaining factors that fostered the Renaissance in Italy, such as thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and classical heritage from Greece and Rome. The Black Death reduced populations and increased wages, allowing more people to pursue the arts. Wealthy families like the Medici gained political power and supported the arts, leading to a rebirth of classical influences. The Reformation began when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church in 1517. This sparked a movement rejecting the Pope's authority and establishing that people could attain salvation through faith alone rather than good works. The Reformation divided Europe between Catholic and Protestant states.
The document summarizes the major changes in Europe during the Early Modern period from around 1500. Religiously, the Reformation started as Martin Luther questioned the wealth and power of the Catholic church. Politically, kings asserted more control over their lands as the modern concept of nations emerged. Economically, agriculture remained important but industry and trade expanded, fueling exploration and the rise of empires. Socially, populations grew as urban cities developed and a middle class formed. Intellectually, science and philosophy challenged old beliefs while the spread of new ideas accelerated.
The document provides information about the Renaissance period including:
- The Renaissance sparked tremendous developments in art, technology, science and other areas and represented a rebirth.
- Reasons for European exploration and travel during this period included adventure, overpopulation which drove the need for more land, religion, and wealth through trade routes to India.
- The European empires in the Americas had both advantages like new foods and expanded trade, and disadvantages like destroying native civilizations and introducing diseases.
- Leonardo Da Vinci remains famous for his masterpieces in painting and engineering designs, as well as for being a pioneering scientist and thinker that exemplified the Renaissance spirit.
The document discusses the 16th century battles of Panipat that were pivotal in the establishment of the Mughal Empire as the dominant power in northern India. It describes a painting depicting Babur defeating Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi Dynasty in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526. Students are asked to analyze this painting and compare how Babur and India relate to Osman and the Ottomans.
Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist during the Scientific Revolution who made improvements to the telescope and made astronomical observations that supported the heliocentric model of Copernicus. He was tried by the Inquisition for his scientific beliefs and spent the rest of his life under house arrest. Sir Isaac Newton developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation, removing doubts about the heliocentric model. John Locke was an English philosopher whose ideas about natural rights and the social contract influenced the Enlightenment and American, French, and Latin American revolutions. Mao Zedong was the Chinese communist leader who established communist rule in China in 1949 after a long civil war, and sought to modernize the country through often brutal
This document provides an overview of global history from the rise of totalitarianism in the early 20th century through developments in the late 20th century. It summarizes key events including the modernization of Turkey and Iran, the fascist rule of Mussolini in Italy, Japanese expansionism, Stalin's rule in the USSR, Nazi Germany, World War II, independence movements in Africa and Asia, the Cold War, conflicts in the Middle East including the Arab-Israeli conflict, and independence in Ireland. The document covers political, economic, and social developments across countries and regions in a broad historical context.
The Qing Dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1911. In 1644, the Manchus swept into Beijing and established the Qing Dynasty after claiming the Mandate of Heaven. The Qing government expanded the empire to include territories like Tibet, Mongolia, Taiwan, and Manchuria. They also controlled Korea and Vietnam. However, by the 1750s the Qing Dynasty began declining due to issues like corruption and isolationist policies.
Rise of violence and terrorism: Arab-Israeli ConflictGreg Sill
The document summarizes the rise of violence and terrorism in the Arab-Israeli conflict from the 1950s onwards. It describes several wars and conflicts between Israel and its Arab neighbors that resulted in Israel gaining land, and the establishment of Palestinian refugee camps. The Palestinians formed the PLO led by Yasser Arafat to pursue independence, though they began using violence and terrorist attacks against Israel in the 1970s. The first Palestinian intifada from 1987-1993 involved civil disobedience protests and clashes that resulted in over 1000 deaths. The document also discusses Arafat's efforts to gain international recognition and diplomatic support for the Palestinian cause at the UN.
The document summarizes key events in the Arab-Israeli conflict and peace process from 1978 to present day. It describes the Camp David Accords that led to peace between Egypt and Israel, Sadat's assassination, and the Oslo Accords between Israel and the PLO. It also discusses failed peace talks at Camp David in 2000, the second Intifada, Israel's increasing security measures, and the ongoing disputes over settlements, Jerusalem, and Palestinian refugees that continue to impede a lasting peace agreement.
The document summarizes the fall of communism in Eastern Europe from the 1950s through the 1990s. It discusses key events such as Stalin's death in 1953 and the reforms enacted under Khrushchev that allowed for more freedoms. It then covers the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and Prague Spring protests of 1968 that were crushed by the Soviet Union. Major reforms under Gorbachev in the 1980s, including glasnost and perestroika, weakened Soviet control and led Eastern European nations to demand more freedoms and hold free elections. This resulted in the fall of communist governments across Eastern Europe between 1989-1990 and the reunification of Germany.
Geographic factors significantly influenced the outcome of World War II according to the document. Location, climate, and resource availability each played important roles for different nations. The document outlines how the favorable location of the United States and resource availability in Britain helped those countries succeed, while unfavorable factors hampered Germany and Japan and contributed to their defeat. Analyzing these geographic influences could provide insights into why the Allies were ultimately victorious in the war.
The Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 to January 1945 was the largest land battle of World War II in Western Europe involving over 1 million soldiers from the US, Germany, and Britain. It resulted in over 81,000 US casualties including 19,000 killed. The defeat of German forces in this battle was a major turning point that led to the Allied victory in Europe several months later.
The document summarizes key events of World War 2 in Europe. It describes how in May 1940, Germany launched a surprise attack on France and quickly defeated French forces, occupying Paris by June. Over 300,000 French troops were then evacuated from Dunkirk in June 1940. France officially surrendered later that month. The Battle of Britain and subsequent German bombing campaign, known as the Blitz, are also mentioned. Major battles and turning points discussed include Stalingrad, North Africa, Monte Cassino, and the Allied invasion of Italy. D-Day and the massive Normandy invasion on June 6, 1944 by Allied forces from the US, Britain, and Canada is summarized, with over 150,000 troops storming the beaches in northern
Stalin took power in the Soviet Union after Lenin's death and immediately began purging his opponents through death and terror. He implemented collectivization of farms and five-year plans to industrialize the USSR and build up its military through a command economy with total government control. This led to totalitarian rule through fear, censorship, propaganda, and secret police. Similarly, Mussolini and his fascists took power in Italy in 1922 and established a totalitarian fascist state through extreme nationalism, military expansionism, and by demanding total obedience to the state apparatus. Hitler also came to power in 1933 and quickly dismantled Germany's democracy to construct a Nazi totalitarian regime based on racial ideology that systematically oppressed Jews and other groups through the Gestapo secret police and fascist propaganda
The Scientific Revolution occurred between 1543-1650 and saw developments in fields like astronomy and physics. The Scientific Method using empirical proofs in experiments also emerged during this time, sometimes conflicting with Church doctrine. Famous scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Newton made important discoveries, with Newton creating the laws of gravitation and calculus. The Enlightenment era that followed emphasized natural law, scientific progress, deism and civic freedoms, laying the foundations for modern political and economic systems. Key thinkers during this period included Locke, Voltaire and Montesquieu. The French and American Revolutions were directly inspired by Enlightenment ideals of natural rights and separation of powers.
1. The document discusses reasons for the Russian Revolution in 1917, including the weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II, huge differences between social classes, and Russia's defeat in World War I.
2. After the revolution, Lenin established communist rule but died in 1924, leading to a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky that Stalin ultimately won.
3. Under Stalin's rule, he established a cult of personality through socialist realist art, rapidly industrialized through five-year plans, and collectivized agriculture, leading to the deaths of millions from famine and purges. Stalin also exerted total control over cultural and political life.
1. The United States entered World War 1 in 1917 after Germany intensified its submarine warfare and announced unrestricted submarine warfare.
2. This caused the sinking of passenger ships like the Lusitania, which killed American citizens and turned American public opinion against Germany.
3. The final provocation was the Zimmerman Telegram, in which Germany proposed a military alliance with Mexico against the US if America entered the war.
The document discusses several weapons and tactics used during World War I, including automatic machine guns, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, barbed wire fences, snipers, animals used for communication, and submarines. It provides brief descriptions of each, noting things like how machine guns allowed a few soldiers to take down waves of enemies, how tanks provided armor protection and helped troops break through defenses, and how poison gas like phosgene could kill or disable soldiers through inhalation.
World War I was caused by militarism, alliances, nationalism, and imperialism in Europe leading up to 1914. Major European powers formed two opposing alliances and maintained large standing armies. When Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in 1914, a series of diplomatic and military events escalated tensions between the allied countries and led them into war.
The document summarizes Japan's transition from the Tokugawa period to the Meiji Restoration. During the Tokugawa period, Japan was ruled by shoguns in a feudal system. In 1853, Commodore Perry forced Japan to open trade with the United States through gunboat diplomacy. Dissatisfaction with the unequal treaties led to the Meiji Restoration in 1868, which overthrew the shogunate and transferred power to the Emperor. The new Meiji government embarked on rapid modernization and industrialization by adopting Western political, economic, and military systems while maintaining Japanese cultural traditions.
The document discusses Japan's occupation of Korea from 1910 to 1945. It began with Japan annexing Korea in 1910 after crushing Korean resistance. This started a period of harsh rule as Japan banned political organizations, censored the press, and arrested thousands of intellectuals and nationalists. After World War 1, Korean nationalism and protests grew, such as the March 1st Movement in 1919. In response, Japan eased some restrictions in the 1920s to foster more cultural and economic cooperation, but maintained political control over Korea.
This document provides guidance on writing a thematic essay about nationalism. It discusses how nationalism has shaped world events over the last 500 years and how individuals have led nationalist movements. It prompts the reader to choose two nationalist leaders and discuss the historical context of their movements, the nations they influenced, and how their actions have continued to impact those nations. The document offers advice on developing an introduction and thesis statement that proves an argument about how nationalism influenced specific countries or regions. It emphasizes selecting a focused thesis that can be supported with evidence about the similar and different ways nationalist leaders inspired their people to create unified states.
1. Napoleon became a general at age 24 and later took over the French government in a coup, naming himself first consul.
2. In 1804, he crowned himself Emperor of France.
3. After being defeated by an allied European force, Napoleon was exiled to the island of St. Helena where he died in 1821.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
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Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Turning points a
1. Neolithic Revolution: 8,000 B.C.E.
Life Before the Turning Point
Paleolithic age: Hunters and gatherers, nomads, clans of 20-
30 people, basic language, men and women were equal
Turning Point
The Neolithic Revolution: Development of
agriculture and the domestication of animals
Effects/Changes/Impact
People settled in villages and cities. Farmers
grew surplus of crops that led to rise in
population. Created permanent houses,
expanded language and religious beliefs.
Developed political systems, job specialization,
social classes, and new technology. Women lost
status. Led to civilization.
2.
3. Fall of Roman Empire: 476 C.E.
Life Before the Turning Point
Vast Empire under one law code. Led by an Emperor who had total
authority. Pax Romana – 200 years of peace in Rome. Great achievements
such as law, government, art and architecture (dome and arch), aqueducts,
roads, etc. Increase in trade and security throughout empire.
Turning Point
Poor leadership, lack of method of succession,
struggling economy, weakening military, and peasant
and slave revolts led to the split of the Empire. Fell in
476 CE when Visigoths sacked Rome!
Effects/Changes/Impact
Led to Dark Ages! Lack of centralized government
caused feudal society to emerge. Peasants looked
toward local nobles for protection and worked the land
for them. Manorialism developed – self sufficient
economic system with limited trade. Most people
lacked education and the Catholic Church dominated
society. Gothic Architecture.
4. The Crusades: 1095-1272
Life Before the Turning Point
Europe was in the Dark Ages. There was little
trade and lack of education. Serfs worked the land
and did not leave their manor. The Church
dominated socially and politically.
Turning Point
Pope Urban II called for all Christians
to unite and fight the Muslims to
regain control of the Holy lands.
Effects/Changes/Impact
After four Crusades, the Muslims won control of the Holy
lands. However, the crusades resulted in increased trade in
Europe and the development of towns. Trade routes
needed to be protected, which led to the rise of power of
Kings and the decrease of power of the nobles.
7. The Printing Press: 1436
Life Before the Turning Point
Many people were illiterate and ideas traveled slowly through
trade. Most books were based on ideas of the church (Bibles)
and were hand written. Most books were written in Latin.
Turning Point
Johann Gutenberg invented the Printing Press, a hand
press, in which ink was rolled over the raised surfaces
of moveable hand-set block letters held within a
wooden form and the form was then pressed against a
sheet of paper.
Effects/Changes/Impact
Created a revolution in the production of books. Led to the
rapid exchange of ideas throughout Europe and an increase
in literacy. Fostered the rapid development in science, arts
and religion.
9. The Renaissance: 1400s
Life Before the Turning Point
Roman Catholic Church dominated social and cultural aspects of society.
Art and architecture were influenced by religious ideals. Gothic
Architecture was designed to show the power of God. Most people
believed that they were meant to suffer on Earth in order to get to Heaven
in the afterlife.
Turning Point
A renewal in Greco-Roman ideals led to belief in Humanism – humans
are special and individuals can achieve great things. Popes, Kings,
and wealthy merchants became patrons of the arts and hired artists
to create paintings, sculptures, buildings, etc.
Effects/Changes/Impact
Artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo Da
Vinci as well as writers such as Petrarch,
Machiavelli, and Shakespeare would influence
western culture. Ideals of humanism and
questioning spirit would lead to the
Reformation, Age of Exploration, Scientific
Revolution, and the Enlightenment.
10. The Protestant Reformation: 1517
Life Before the Turning Point
The Roman Catholic Church dominated Europe. The Pope had
power over Monarchs and could excommunicate anyone from the
church. They also collected a tithe, a 10% tax that all land holders
had to pay. The Church was also offering indulgences, where
people could pay for the forgiveness of their sins.
Turning Point
Martin Luther, a German monk, posted his 95 Theses on the door
of a Church in Wittenberg, Germany. He protested the corruption
of the Roman Catholic Church and was excommunicated when
he refused to recant.
Effects/Changes/Impact
Europe was split religiously for the first time (North: Protestant,
South: Roman Catholic.) Other Protestant groups developed
such as Calvinism and the Anglican Church in England. Led to
the Catholic Counter-Reformation, the Inquisition, religious wars,
and aggressive missionary work.
13. Age of Exploration: 1450-1600s
Life Before the Turning Point
Europeans were living in the High Middle ages
where trade was increasing but not very favorable.
They were forced to trade with the Muslims who
controlled the land routes from China.
Turning Point
New technology and a desire to find water routes to the East
led to the Portuguese discovery of a water route to India
(DaGama) and the Spanish discovery of the Americas
(Columbus.)
Effects/Changes/Impact
Discovery of Americas led to global trade. The Columbian Exchange,
or Triangle trade, developed which led to the Commercial Revolution.
Animals, products, ideas and disease traveled between Old and New
World. Led to the conquest of Aztecs, Incas, and other Native
American Indians and the colonization of the New World by
Europeans.
16. Scientific Revolution: 1400s-1600s
Life Before the Turning Point
Europeans depended on the Church to answer most
questions. Many people believed in superstitions, old
traditions and customs. People lacked knowledge
about medicine, astronomy, anatomy, math, etc.
Turning Point
Thinkers and scientists such as Copernicus, Galileo,
and Newton began to experiment the world around
them in search for their own answers.
Effects/Changes/Impact
New discoveries in astronomy (Heliocentric
theory), physics (Law of Gravity), and
Medicine (Microscope) created a questioning
spirit in Europe that led to better
understanding of the world. Challenged the
power of the church.
18. Age of Enlightenment: 1600s-1800s
Life Before the Turning Point
Europe was led by Absolute Monarchs such as King Louis XIV
of France, Phillip II of Spain, Czar Peter the Great of Russia,
Empress Maria Teresa of Holy Roman Empire. The justified
their rule by claiming Divine Right, power to rule from God.
Turning Point
Inspired by the scientific revolution, many scholars began to use
reason and logic to question the rule of Absolute Monarchs. They
believed in natural laws and rights that existed in politics and
government.
Effects/Changes/Impact
John Locke, Jean Rousseau, and Voltaire became
the major Enlightenment thinkers of the time
believing in Natural Rights of “Life, Liberty, and
Property,” the common good, and freedom of
speech. Their ideas led people to question Divine
Right rule and resulted in Revolutions in North
America, France, and Latin America.
19. French Revolution: 1789-1799
Life Before the Turning Point
France was led by an Absolute Monarch (King Louis XVI) and
was divided into three estates (First, second and third.) The
third estate had very little rights and were over taxed. Famine
and war swept the land and the French economy was suffering.
Turning Point
Third Estate left the Estates General and protested in the
King’s Tennis Court (Tennis Court Oath.) They created
the National Assembly and wrote a Constitution to limit
the power of the King. The Spark of the Revolution was
July 14th 1789 when the people Stormed the Bastille!
Effects/Changes/Impact
Set the Stage for Revolutions in Europe and Latin America.
Utilized Enlightenment ideas and challenged Divine Right rule.
Radical Revolution led to Reign of Terror (Robespierre) and
use of guillotine. Ended special privileges of nobles and
increased power of middle class (bourgeoisie.)
20. Industrial Revolution: 1750-1850
Life Before the Turning Point
Most people were farmers or small merchants. Made
goods with hand and animal power and lived in small
villages (Rural.) Used Water and wind as energy source.
Turning Point
The Agricultural Revolution in England led to new techniques in
farming that increased production of food. Led to new inventions
(Steam Engine) in transportation, communication, and production
of goods. Enclosure Movement led to many unemployed farmers
who went to cities searching for work.
Effects/Changes/Impact
Production goes form Cottage industry to Factories. Use of
Machine power and the growth of cities (Urbanization.)
Great Britain becomes an Imperial power (need for
resources.) Conditions in the factory are hard as Capitalists
make money, the workers (Proletariat) struggle in poverty.
Led to challenges to capitalism (Socialism, communism,
utilitarianism.)
21. The Meiji Restoration: 1867-1910
Life Before the Turning Point
Japan was ruled by the Tokugawa Shogunate who ruled
through a centralized Feudal system. The Shogun had
isolated Japan from trade with other nations except China,
Korea, and the Dutch. Japanese society was controlled by
the government, which banned Christianity.
Turning Point
U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry made a trip
to Japan in an attempt to become trading
partners with them. The Japanese and U.S.
signed the Treaty of Kanagawa which ended
250 years of isolation.
Effects/Changes/Impact
Led to the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the beginning of
the Meiji Restoration, where the Emperor took over as leader of
Japan. Japan began to rapidly modernize and westernize its
military, industry, and social customs. This led to the need for
Japan to imperialize other lands for resources. (annexation of
Korea, Sphere of Influence in China, Russo-Japanese War)
22. World War I: 1914-1919
Life Before the Turning Point
European nations were competing with one another
for military and economic superiority. Militarism,
Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism were
increasing.
Turning Point
The Assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia
was the spark that started the War. When Austria-Hungary
blamed Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia and France and
WWI was on!
Effects/Changes/Impact
Mass production of weapons and new technology such as the
Machine gun, airplane, tank, poison gas, and submarine caused
enormous casualties and damage. Britain, France, U.S. and Italy
won the war and forced Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles.
Economic problems after the war would lead to the rise of
Totalitarian leaders like Hitler and Mussolini. Also, during the
war, Russia had a revolution- resulted in the first communist
nation, the USSR.