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1750 empires review
The Qing Dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1911. In 1644, the Manchus swept into Beijing and established the Qing Dynasty after claiming the Mandate of Heaven. The Qing government expanded the empire to include territories like Tibet, Mongolia, Taiwan, and Manchuria. They also controlled Korea and Vietnam. However, by the 1750s the Qing Dynasty began declining due to issues like corruption and isolationist policies.
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1750 empires review
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- 2. Rise of theQingRise of the Qing 1644-1911 By 1644, the Manchu swept into Beijing and claimed the Mandate of Heaven – Qing Dynasty! By 1644, the Manchu swept into Beijing and claimed the Mandate of Heaven – Qing Dynasty!
- 3. The Qing DynastyTheQing Dynasty • Qing bureaucracy and court ceremonies similar to Ming • Continued Confucian rituals and allowed Ming officials to keep their positions As foreign invaders, the Manchus faced years of resistance from Chinese subjects still loyal to the Ming! • Continued civil service exams and were generous patrons to the arts • Lowered taxes and state labor demands. • Repaired infrastructure – roads, bridges, dikes, canals, irrigation works Qing GovernmentQing Government
- 4. •Expansion was seenas a defensive necessity against nomadic invaders •Signed Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) that marked Chinese-Russian border •Expansion was seen as a defensive necessity against nomadic invaders •Signed Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) that marked Chinese-Russian border •Expanded the Empire to include Tibet, Mongolia, Taiwan and Manchuria •Controlled Korea and Vietnam as Vassal tributary states. •Expanded the Empire to include Tibet, Mongolia, Taiwan and Manchuria •Controlled Korea and Vietnam as Vassal tributary states. A Chinese Empire?
- 5. The Reign ofEmperor Kangxi The Reign of Emperor Kangxi 1661-17221661-1722 • Created encyclopedia and a dictionary of history and thought • Wanted to be benevolent Confucian ruler – lowered taxes, expanded empire • Tolerant of Christians and interested in foreign ideas and technology • Strong and effective 61 year reign kept tensions low • Kangxi was a significant Confucian scholar • Patronized arts, opened Confucian schools and a national library Could compare to Kublai Khan, Emperor Hongwu, and King Louis XIV Could compare to Kublai Khan, Emperor Hongwu, and King Louis XIV
- 6. Ethnocentrism and Isolationleads to declineEthnocentrism and Isolation leads to decline • By 1750, Qing Dynasty was declining– corruption, crime and banditry – rising population • Emperor Qianlong continued Ming policy of isolation, restricting foreign trade – some merchants, compradors, became wealthy and influential • Manchu saw Chinese civilization, products, as superior, expected foreigners to trade on China’s terms Port city of MacaoPort city of Macao 1724 – Emperor banned Christianity when the Pope condemned Confucianism
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- 8. 1 LouisLouis becomesbecomes King inKing in 1643and1643 and his power ishis power is quicklyquickly challengedchallenged by theby the NoblesNobles
- 9. Louis put thenobles in theirLouis put the nobles in their 2
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- 11. 4Palace of Versailles1661-1678
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- 14. 7Louis XVI 1774-1792 FrenchRevolution 1789
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- 16. Babur (1526-1530) Founder ofthe Mughal Dynasty 1
- 17. 2 Akbar theGreat (1542-1605)
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- 21. 6 Mughal Civil Wars(1707-1857)
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- 24. Forming an EmpireFormingan Empire Osman Bey: 1299-1326 1
- 25. The Conquest ofConstantinople in 1453 2
- 26. Turns Christian Cityinto a Muslim City 3
- 27. 4 1699-1830 – SlowDecline
- 28. Suez Canal In 1856the Suez Canal Company was formed and granted the right to operate the canal for 99 years after completion of the work. In 1856 the Suez Canal Company was formed and granted the right to operate the canal for 99 years after completion of the work. Construction began in April 1859 with forced laborers digging with picks and shovels. Later, European workers with dredgers and steam shovels arrived and the Suez Canal was finally completed in 1869. Construction began in April 1859 with forced laborers digging with picks and shovels. Later, European workers with dredgers and steam shovels arrived and the Suez Canal was finally completed in 1869. Major improvements began in 1876, however, and the canal soon grew into the one of the world's most heavily traveled shipping lanes. In 1875, Great Britain became the largest shareholder in the Suez Canal Company when it bought up the stock of the new Ottoman governor of Egypt. Seven years later, in 1882, Britain invaded Egypt, beginning a long occupation of the country. Major improvements began in 1876, however, and the canal soon grew into the one of the world's most heavily traveled shipping lanes. In 1875, Great Britain became the largest shareholder in the Suez Canal Company when it bought up the stock of the new Ottoman governor of Egypt. Seven years later, in 1882, Britain invaded Egypt, beginning a long occupation of the country. 5
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- 30. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Fatherof Modern Turkey Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Father of Modern Turkey Rise of Turkish Nationalism Young TurksYoung Turks •Army officers who wanted modern reforms, civil liberties, constitution. •Extreme Nationalism led to conflict and genocide of Armenians 7 •Wanted to modernize and westernize Turkey •Created a secular modern nation-state
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- 32. 1 Three Unifiers ofJapan Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536- 1598) Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582) Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543- 1616)
- 33. 2 The Imjin War(1592-1598)
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- 36. 5 Urbanization and self-sufficiency “TheFloating World” Education
- 37. 6 “The Great Wave” Arrivalof the U.S.
Editor's Notes
- #3 1500s, new crops like corn, sweet potatoes from Americas reached China These crops further increased farm output Stability, plentiful food led to substantial population growth As population grew, so did cities Industries like manufacture of porcelain, silk expanded in response to growing European demand At same time, China remained mainly agricultural society NO INNOVATION in trade, manufacturing or agriculture increased land farmed, but did not change methods Increase population 2.5x No new innovative social programs
- #6 Emperor Kangxi's main policy decisions were for territorial expansion, continuing the Neo-Confucian bureaucratic system, putting Europeans in the court, monopolizing key industries, and trading with Europeans while resisting their expansion. Under the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Empire developed a somewhat laissez-faire attitude to internal trade and industry. But under the Kangxi Emperor and his successors, the court more carefully controlled commerce and industry and monopolized important industries. The empire reverted to the economic policies of earlier dynastic eras. During his reign, the economy improved and the population started to grow. New food crops such as corn, peanuts and potatoes helped the peasants to have enough to eat. He also let a number of Jesuits into the empire and appointed them to positions in his court. He valued them for their knowledge and used them as advisers. They helped him in his diplomatic and military affairs, and they helped him modernize the empire. They taught his technicians how to make better guns and cannons and advised him about world affairs. He wanted to govern more directly and bypass the officials. He had a secret message system involving locked boxes that he used to send messages directly to people. He thought his officials were untrustworthy and might try to manipulate things for themselves or usurp power. He spent many hours a day personally directing imperial matters
- #9 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_XIV_by_Juste_d'Egmont.jpg
- #25 Could Compare to Alexander the Great – Great warrior, generous to soldiers, blended cultures - territory Defeated the Serbs in the Balkans at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 and began to dominate the region.