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The Russian Communist Revolution 1917
1. The document discusses reasons for the Russian Revolution in 1917, including the weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II, huge differences between social classes, and Russia's defeat in World War I. 2. After the revolution, Lenin established communist rule but died in 1924, leading to a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky that Stalin ultimately won. 3. Under Stalin's rule, he established a cult of personality through socialist realist art, rapidly industrialized through five-year plans, and collectivized agriculture, leading to the deaths of millions from famine and purges. Stalin also exerted total control over cultural and political life.
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The Russian Communist Revolution 1917
- 1. CommunismCommunism Soviet Empire andSocialist RealismSoviet Empire and Socialist Realism
- 2. REASONS FOR REVOLUTIONIN RUSSIA Czar’s government used fear and terror Weak Leadership of Czar Nicholas II Russia was an autocracy! The Czar had complete power Huge difference between social classes (4/5 of population were peasants) Czar’s wife under influence of Rasputin Agitation from intelligentsia, socialists, communists And anarchists Defeat in Russo-Japanese War (1905) Czar kept dismissing the Duma Bloody Sunday Massacre (1905) Russia’s Involvement in World War I 1. Defeated by German army – many Russians captured or killed 2. Russian army had outdated and limited weapons 3. Railway network was poor – limited transport of food and supplies 4. Czar took command of army – He was directly to blame!
- 3. Lenin, age 17Lenin,age 17 Lenin, age 25Lenin, age 25
- 4. 1905: Bloody Sunday1905:Bloody Sunday
- 5. Lenin preached theideals of Marx: A Communist Revolution!Lenin preached the ideals of Marx: A Communist Revolution!
- 6. World War IWorldWar I
- 7. March Revolution: Czarabdicates the throne.March Revolution: Czar abdicates the throne.
- 8. The Provisional Governmentled by Alexander KerenskyThe Provisional Government led by Alexander Kerensky
- 9. Return of Lenin!Returnof Lenin!
- 10. November Bolshevik RevolutionNovemberBolshevik Revolution
- 11. Civil War 1918-1920:Reds vs WhitesCivil War 1918-1920: Reds vs Whites
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- 13. New Economic Policy(NEP) •1921 – Lenin promises greater freedom to small business and peasant farmers •Temporary policy to boost economy •Allowed some capitalism and private ownership of land •Food production began to recover, stabilized government
- 14. How didHow did “Socialist“Socialist Realist”artRealist” art portrayportray VladimirVladimir Lenin?Lenin? How didHow did “Socialist“Socialist Realist” artRealist” art portrayportray VladimirVladimir Lenin?Lenin?
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- 18. Death of Lenin:1924Death of Lenin: 1924 • Lenin suffered from a series of strokes in 1922- 1923 • He was unable to walk or speak and eventually died in 1924 • Lenin suffered from a series of strokes in 1922- 1923 • He was unable to walk or speak and eventually died in 1924 Lenin’s death set off a fearsome power struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky with terrible consequences for the Russian people…. Lenin’s death set off a fearsome power struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky with terrible consequences for the Russian people….
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- 20. • Prominent memberof the Politburo • Named Secretary of the communist party and built up political alliances • Ruthless and power-hungry • Prominent member of the Politburo • Named Secretary of the communist party and built up political alliances • Ruthless and power-hungry StalinStalin TrotskyTrotsky • Part of military organization • Led the Red army to fight the White army during the Civil War. • Great speaker and intellectual who wanted a world-wide communist revolution • Part of military organization • Led the Red army to fight the White army during the Civil War. • Great speaker and intellectual who wanted a world-wide communist revolution Killed in 1940!Killed in 1940!Stalin schemed his way into power, using a series of ruthless political moves Stalin schemed his way into power, using a series of ruthless political moves “I am not sure that Comrade Stalin will always use his power properly. Comrade Trotsky, on the other hand, is distinguished by his outstanding ability.” Lenin’s Will (1923). “I am not sure that Comrade Stalin will always use his power properly. Comrade Trotsky, on the other hand, is distinguished by his outstanding ability.” Lenin’s Will (1923).
- 25. • Lenin setdown the brutal rules for the Soviet System. • Stalin built that system into a global power • Lenin set down the brutal rules for the Soviet System. • Stalin built that system into a global power • Lenin was willing to share power & tolerate some debate inside the Party. • Stalin insisted on absolute obedience and all the power. • Lenin was willing to share power & tolerate some debate inside the Party. • Stalin insisted on absolute obedience and all the power. • Lenin took great risks to spread Communist Revolution. • Stalin wanted security and power for the Soviet Union even if it harmed the chances for Communist revolution elsewhere. • Lenin took great risks to spread Communist Revolution. • Stalin wanted security and power for the Soviet Union even if it harmed the chances for Communist revolution elsewhere.
- 26. Glorification of StalinGlorificationof Stalin Religious PersecutionReligious Persecution Five-Year PlansFive-Year Plans CollectivizationCollectivization Reign of TerrorReign of Terror Control of Cultural LifeControl of Cultural Life Examine images of Stalin and categorize them into one of these 6 groups!
- 27. The Glorification of Stalin Stalindeveloped what became known as a "personality cult". Artists painted pictures glorifying Stalin and His accomplishments.
- 31. The Glorification ofStalin He gained the nickname "Uncle Joe" which was an attempt to develop an image of a kind, homely man who was the ‘father’ of all Russians.
- 32. Leader Stalin withscouts
- 33. Do Now:Do Now:Why would communist leaders want art that looked realistic instead of abstract?
- 34. According to these images,what do you think is a major goal that Stalin wants to achieve? According to these images, what do you think is a major goal that Stalin wants to achieve? Read Document and answer question
- 35. •Stalin ended Lenin’sNEP, which allowed some capitalism •Agriculture was collectivized, and large scale forced labor enforced upon peasants. •Plan was to increase crop production and use profits for State industry CollectivizationCollectivization
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- 39. •As a resultof their opposition, several million peasants met death by an engineered famine and genocide. •As a result of their opposition, several million peasants met death by an engineered famine and genocide. Ukrainian Famine Film ClipFilm Clip
- 40. Industrialization •Stalin started therapid development of economy with Five-Year Plans, first of which were launched in 1927. •All the resources were commanded by state to ensure rapid industrialization. •Heavy investment was done in industry, at the cost of agriculture and consumer goods. •Stalin started the rapid development of economy with Five-Year Plans, first of which were launched in 1927. •All the resources were commanded by state to ensure rapid industrialization. •Heavy investment was done in industry, at the cost of agriculture and consumer goods.
- 41. “Planner’s Preferences” not“Consumer’s Preferences” Command Economy “Work hard during harvest time and you will be rewarded with plenty of bread." “Work hard during harvest time and you will be rewarded with plenty of bread." United States Advertisement, 1920s United States Advertisement, 1920s
- 42. Alexey Stakhanov – Heroof Socialism In 1935 a coal miner called Alexei Stakhanov was reported to have dug 102 tons of coal in a single 6-hour shift. This was many times more than a miner was expected to cut. Stakhanov was rewarded and praised as an example to all other workers. The public were not told that Stakhanov had two co-workers, plus machinery in perfect working order, to help him achieve so much. Russians were told to model themselves on Stakhanov. They rose to the challenge in what became known as the Stakhanovite Movement. Stakhanovites tried to perform feats of great productivity, through working harder and also through reorganizing the way things were done in their place of work. They were rewarded with better pay and also lots of praise and publicity. This was just one way in which Stalin attempted to persuade his new industrial laborers to work more efficiently.
- 47. • Stalin's controlover Russia meant that freedom was the one thing that people lost. • The people of Russia had to read, listen to, see and learn only what the state allowed. • The state’s control of the media was total. State-Controlled MediaState-Controlled Media
- 48. This was allcalled "Socialist Realism". Those who wrote poems and novels had to glorify Stalin. Some artists and authors were so depressed by all this that they committed suicide rather than do what the state ordered them to do. Many others tried to leave the country. "Stalin as an Organizer of the November Revolution" by Karp Trokhimenko Socialist Realism Art
- 49. • The GreatPurges – 1934 and 1939. • Stalin put on ‘show trials’, where the accused pleaded guilty to impossible charges of treason. • During Stalin's rule of the country over 20 million people were sent to labor camps, where nearly half of them died. • The Great Purges – 1934 and 1939. • Stalin put on ‘show trials’, where the accused pleaded guilty to impossible charges of treason. • During Stalin's rule of the country over 20 million people were sent to labor camps, where nearly half of them died. Reign of Terror Stalin Signs a Death Warrant
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- 53. In turn, artistscomplied with State demands and produced in a naturalist, academic style. They wouldn't dare to even dream of abstract art. In turn, artists complied with State demands and produced in a naturalist, academic style. They wouldn't dare to even dream of abstract art. “Ideas are more powerful than guns. We would not let our enemies have guns, why should we let them have ideas.”
- 54. A Russian Family with Stalin. ARussian Family with Stalin. Cultural Life How does Stalin use Socialist Realist Art and Propaganda to control people? How does Stalin use Socialist Realist Art and Propaganda to control people?
- 55. 'Thanks to theParty, Thanks to Dear Stalin for a Happy, Joyful Childhood' How does Stalin use Socialist Realist Art and Propaganda to control people? How does Stalin use Socialist Realist Art and Propaganda to control people?
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- 59. • Those whoattempted to listen to or read anything else were severely punished and sent to labor camps.
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- 64. Andy Warhol –Pop Art
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Editor's Notes
- #21 Trotsky was brilliant, but nobody liked him: they thought he was too big-headed. Secretary Stalin told him the wrong date for Lenin’s funeral, so he missed it – this made him more unpopular. Trotsky also wanted to try to cause a world revolution; many Russians feared that this would ruin Russia.
- #43 Alexey Stakhanov – Miner in Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labor
- #56 Stalin Propaganda Poster (1937) Caption reads: 'Thanks to the Party, Thanks to Dear Stalin for a Happy, Joyful Childhood'