Miguel Hidalgo was a highly educated Creole priest in Mexico who wanted independence from Spain. In 1810 he gave a famous speech calling on indigenous and mestizo people to take up arms against the Spanish. He led a large rebel army but was eventually captured and executed. Simon Bolivar was a Creole military officer from Venezuela who wanted to liberate South America from Spanish rule. Between 1808-1824 he led independence movements that liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia from Spain. Though he wanted to unite these countries, political infighting prevented the unity of "Gran Colombia" and he died of tuberculosis in 1830.

2. MIGUEL HIDALGO
1. Analyze the above quote and the
painting and describe what Miguel
hidalgo wants to accomplish.
2. What powerful symbols can be
found in this painting and what is their
significance?
3. Create a Title for this piece of art.
“My children, will you be
free? Will you make the effort
to recover from the hated
Spaniards the lands stolen
from your forefathers 300
years ago?”

3. MIGUEL
HIDALGO
Goals: He
wanted to win
Independence
from Spain
and
redistribute
land from the
Church,
Creoles, and
Peninsulares
and give it to
the people.Highly educated Creole priest assigned
to town of Dolores, Mexico.

4. MIGUEL HIDALGO
*September 16, 1810: the speech was known as El Grito de Dolores.
Actions: In 1810, Hidalgo rang the church bell and called upon his mestizo and indigenous
parishioners to take up arms against the Spanish.
“My children, will you be
free? Will you make the
effort to recover from the
hated Spaniards the lands
stolen from your forefathers
300 years ago?”

5. MIGUEL HIDALGO
He led a rag-tag
army of 80,000
toward Mexico City,
unleashing mass
slaughter of
Peninsulares in his
path.

6. MIGUEL HIDALGO
"Though I may die, I shall be remembered
forever; you all will soon be forgotten."
Never made it to the
capital – He was
captured by other
Creoles and executed
in 1811.

7. Mexican War for Independence
Finally, In 1821, Augustin Iturbide marched victorious into
Mexico City and established an independent Mexican nation!
Results: Other rebellions against Spanish rule
continued for over 10 years!

9. SIMON BOLIVAR
* Elite educated Creole,
- Military General
LEADERS
• 1808 – Declares Colombian Independence
and war with Spain begins!
* 1812 – Flees to New Granada but
returns to Liberate Venezuela in 1813
Goal: Bolivar wanted to free South
America from the law of Spain!
Actions:

10. SIMON BOLIVAR
* 1819 – Victory in Battle of Bogota
liberated Colombia and Ecuador

11. * Creole officer who had trained in Europe and fought for the Spanish.
* Defected from Spanish army and joined rebels in 1811.
Jose de San Martin

12. By 1822, Bolivar had liberated Colombia,
Venezuela and Ecuador and San Martin had
liberated Argentina and Chile. The two armies
met in Peru, the last stronghold of the Spanish.
In 1817, San Martin and Bernardo
O’Higgins led their army in a daring
march over the Andes.

13. Bolivar and San Martin met in Guayaquil in 1822. After their
meeting, San Martin resigned as Protector of Peru and handed his
armies to Bolivar to defeat the last of the Spanish. Bolivar won the
battle and Bolivia was named in his honor. San Martin would retire
to Europe and died in 1850.

14. SIMON BOLIVAR
* 1824 – Led invasion of
Peru and defeated Spain!
Results: Known as “The
Liberator”- Bolivar liberated
Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia
Result:

15. SIMON BOLIVAR
Plan for a united, federated Latin America, “Gran Colombia,” was
crushed by political in-fighting and civil wars.

16. SIMON BOLIVAR
* 1830 – Simon Bolivar died of tuberculosis at the age of 47