The document summarizes several major historical events and periods:
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2) The Crusades from 1095-1272 CE which resulted in increased trade in Europe and the rise of royal power over nobles.
3) The Printing Press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1436 which created a printing revolution and spread ideas and literacy.
4) The Renaissance in the 1400s which saw a renewal of Greco-Roman ideals and patronage of the arts that would influence Western culture.
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Chapter 12 Ways of the World, Worlds of 15th century S Sandoval
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Welcome to Owen Sound! Affordable, accessible and inviting, the city offers shopping, dining, arts, culture, recreation and relaxed hospitality -- everything you need while exploring Grey-Bruce. We’re close to the area’s best beaches, ski hills, cycling and hiking trails, rivers, waterfalls and farm-fresh produce, plus the renowned cliff-tops and caves of the spectacular Bruce Peninsula.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. Fall of Roman Empire: 476 C.E. Life Before the Turning Point Vast Empire under one law code. Led by an Emperor who had total authority. Pax Romana – 200 years of peace in Rome. Great achievements such as law, government, art and architecture (dome and arch), aqueducts, roads, etc. Increase in trade and security throughout empire. Turning Point Poor leadership, lack of method of succession, struggling economy, weakening military, and peasant and slave revolts led to the split of the Empire. Fell in 476 CE when Visigoths sacked Rome! Effects/Changes/Impact Led to Dark Ages! Lack of centralized government caused feudal society to emerge. Peasants looked toward local nobles for protection and worked the land for them. Manorialism developed – self sufficient economic system with limited trade. Most people lacked education and the Catholic Church dominated society. Gothic Architecture.
3. The Crusades: 1095-1272 Life Before the Turning Point Europe was in the Dark Ages. There was little trade and lack of education . Serfs worked the land and did not leave their manor. The Church dominated socially and politically. Turning Point Pope Urban II called for all Christians to unite and fight the Muslims to regain control of the Holy lands . Effects/Changes/Impact After four Crusades, the Muslims won control of the Holy lands. However, the crusades resulted in increased trade in Europe and the development of towns . Trade routes needed to be protected, which led to the rise of power of Kings and the decrease of power of the nobles.
6. The Printing Press: 1436 Life Before the Turning Point Many people were illiterate and ideas traveled slowly through trade. Most books were based on ideas of the church (Bibles) and were hand written. Most books were written in Latin . Turning Point Johann Gutenberg invented the Printing Press, a hand press, in which ink was rolled over the raised surfaces of moveable hand-set block letters held within a wooden form and the form was then pressed against a sheet of paper. Effects/Changes/Impact Created a revolution in the production of books. Led to the rapid exchange of ideas throughout Europe and an increase in literacy. Fostered the rapid development in science, arts and religion.
8. The Renaissance: 1400s Life Before the Turning Point Roman Catholic Church dominated social and cultural aspects of society. Art and architecture were influenced by religious ideals. Gothic Architecture was designed to show the power of God. Most people believed that they were meant to suffer on Earth in order to get to Heaven in the afterlife. Turning Point A renewal in Greco-Roman ideals led to belief in Humanism – humans are special and individuals can achieve great things. Popes, Kings, and wealthy merchants became patrons of the arts and hired artists to create paintings, sculptures, buildings, etc. Effects/Changes/Impact Artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci as well as writers such as Petrarch, Machiavelli, and Shakespeare would influence western culture. Ideals of humanism and questioning spirit would lead to the Reformation, Age of Exploration, Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment.
9. The Protestant Reformation: 1517 Life Before the Turning Point The Roman Catholic Church dominated Europe. The Pope had power over Monarchs and could excommunicate anyone from the church. They also collected a tithe, a 10% tax that all land holders had to pay. The Church was also offering indulgences , where people could pay for the forgiveness of their sins. Turning Point Martin Luther , a German monk, posted his 95 Theses on the door of a Church in Wittenberg, Germany. He protested the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church and was excommunicated when he refused to recant. Effects/Changes/Impact Europe was split religiously for the first time (North: Protestant, South: Roman Catholic.) Other Protestant groups developed such as Calvinism and the Anglican Church in England. Led to the Catholic Counter-Reformation, the Inquisition, religious wars, and aggressive missionary work.
12. Age of Enlightenment: 1600s-1800s Life Before the Turning Point Europe was led by Absolute Monarchs such as King Louis XIV of France, Phillip II of Spain, Czar Peter the Great of Russia, Empress Maria Teresa of Holy Roman Empire. The justified their rule by claiming Divine Right, power to rule from God. Turning Point Inspired by the scientific revolution, many scholars began to use reason and logic to question the rule of Absolute Monarchs. They believed in natural laws and rights that existed in politics and government. Effects/Changes/Impact John Locke, Jean Rousseau, and Voltaire became the major Enlightenment thinkers of the time believing in Natural Rights of “Life, Liberty, and Property,” the common good, and freedom of speech. Their ideas led people to question Divine Right rule and resulted in Revolutions in North America, France, and Latin America.
13. The Meiji Restoration: 1867-1910 Life Before the Turning Point Japan was ruled by the Tokugawa Shogunate who ruled through a centralized Feudal system. The Shogun had isolated Japan from trade with other nations except China, Korea, and the Dutch. Japanese society was controlled by the government, which banned Christianity. Turning Point U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry made a trip to Japan in an attempt to become trading partners with them. The Japanese and U.S. signed the Treaty of Kanagawa which ended 250 years of isolation . Effects/Changes/Impact Led to the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, where the Emperor took over as leader of Japan. Japan began to rapidly modernize and westernize its military, industry, and social customs. This led to the need for Japan to imperialize other lands for resources. (annexation of Korea, Sphere of Influence in China, Russo-Japanese War)
14. World War I: 1914-1919 Life Before the Turning Point European nations were competing with one another for military and economic superiority. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism were increasing. Turning Point The Assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia was the spark that started the War. When Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia and France and WWI was on! Effects/Changes/Impact Mass production of weapons and new technology such as the Machine gun, airplane, tank, poison gas, and submarine caused enormous casualties and damage. Britain, France, U.S. and Italy won the war and forced Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles. Economic problems after the war would lead to the rise of Totalitarian leaders like Hitler and Mussolini. Also, during the war, Russia had a revolution- resulted in the first communist nation, the USSR.