The Cold War emerged after World War II as tensions grew between the Western powers (US, Britain, France) and the Soviet Union. Germany and Berlin were divided between the Western Allies and Soviet control. Over time, Eastern European nations fell under Soviet control as well, separated by an "Iron Curtain". The US and Western nations established policies and alliances like the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and NATO to contain the spread of communism and Soviet influence, engaging in a nuclear arms race and policy of brinkmanship with the Soviet Union. These tensions defined the Cold War era between the Western and Eastern blocs.

1. A Divided Europe:
The Cold War

2. A Divided Europe:
The Cold War
Do Now: Analyze the
cartoon to the left.
1. What has changed
between the Western
Powers and the East after
VE Day?
2. Why do you think this
change has taken place?
Do Now: Analyze the
cartoon to the left.
1. What has changed
between the Western
Powers and the East after
VE Day?
2. Why do you think this
change has taken place?

3. COLD WAR
1945-1991

4. Germany Divided
British
French
American
Soviet
•Germany’s armed forces
were disbanded and the
Nazi party was outlawed
•In Western Germany, Allies
helped set up political
parties and assisted
Germans in writing a
federal Constitution.
•In 1949, West Germany
regained self-government
and named itself the
Federal Republic of
Germany

5. East and WestEast and West
Germany formedGermany formed
West
Germany
East
Germany
West Berlin
East Berlin
• The city of Berlin was also
divided even though it was
located in Soviet occupied
territory.
• West Germany was democratic
with free elections and eventual
self-rule, and industrial growth
was encouraged.
• East Germany was Communist
under Soviet control. Its
factories were dismantled and
the resources used to rebuild
the Soviet Union.

6. “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an
________________- has descended across the Continent.
Winston Churchill – March 5, 1946
“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an
________________- has descended across the Continent.
Winston Churchill – March 5, 1946
iron curtain

7. Peep under the
Iron curtain
March 6, 1946
• Who is “Joe”?
• What part of
Europe is sealed
off?
• What does the
wall symbolize?

8. Democracy in JapanDemocracy in Japan
•A new Japanese Constitution was drafted creating a Constitutional Monarchy that limited the
power of the Emperor
•Japanese accepted this constitution and signed a treaty that took away Japan’s overseas empire
•In 1952, the Allied occupation officially ended
•A new Japanese Constitution was drafted creating a Constitutional Monarchy that limited the
power of the Emperor
•Japanese accepted this constitution and signed a treaty that took away Japan’s overseas empire
•In 1952, the Allied occupation officially ended
•Japan’s armed forces were disbanded
•The American occupiers had the goal to end militarism and ensure a democratic government
•Japan’s armed forces were disbanded
•The American occupiers had the goal to end militarism and ensure a democratic government

9. Possible Plan to Split Japan American Sphere of Influence

10. 10
The Soviet Bloc:
Satellite Nations…
The Soviet Bloc:
Satellite Nations…
• Stalin never allowed truly free
elections.
• Instead, communist
governments were installed in
many Eastern European
nations.
• Led to a mistrust between the
United States and the Soviet
Union.
Main Purpose?
Protect USSR from invasion
from the West

11. What is a Cold War?
USA
USSR
A State of Diplomatic hostility among nations
without______________________Direct armed conflict

12. How did the Cold War Start?
A. The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. both emerge as _____________ after WWII
B. Each Nation had _______________ – saw other as a dangerous threat
Super Powers
Different ideologies
Democracy
Capitalism
Equality of
Opportunity
Constitutional
Freedoms
Totalitarian
Communism
Classless
Society
No Private
Property

13. How do you Fight a Cold
A.Need a ____________________________ – Arms, technology, influence
B.Use of __________________________________
C.Send ______________ to weaker nations to spread influence and gain allies
D.Support with ___________ nations in conflicts to protect interests or agitate
other side
Threat of Direct armed conflict
Propaganda- created hatred and paranoia of the other side
Economic aid
Military aid

14. 14
Problem with
Berlin?
• Berlin was in the Soviet Sector.
• Stalin was not happy with a “small piece” of democracy in
Eastern Europe.
– What did he do?
• Berlin was in the Soviet Sector.
• Stalin was not happy with a “small piece” of democracy in
Eastern Europe.
– What did he do?

15. 15
_____________________
___
• June 1948, Stalin attempts to starve West Berliners into
submission.
• All rail and street access was blocked.
Berlin Blockade

16. 16
_____________________
• American and British planes flew food
and supplies into Berlin for 327 days.
• Stalin lifted the Blockade by May 1949.
Berlin Airlift

17. 17
Berlin Airlift

18. 18
Operation “Little
Vittles”
• During the Berlin Airlift a group of pilots decided to help boost the spirits of the
German children.
• They organized a mission to drop candy to the children using parachutes made of
handkerchiefs.

19. 1947 -The Marshall Plan1947 -The Marshall Plan
What was it?
•The goal was to promote economic and
political stability in post WWII world
•Provided food, machines, and other
materials
•The goal was to promote economic and
political stability in post WWII world
•Provided food, machines, and other
materials
A U.S. program of economic aid to European
countries to help them rebuild after WWII.

20. Why would the USSR
oppose such a plan?
•Stalin saw the plan as a
threat
•Marshall Plan aid would
largely be used by the
Europeans to buy U.S.
manufactured goods and
raw materials
•Communist influence on
Western Europe would
be reduced
•Stalin saw the plan as a
threat
•Marshall Plan aid would
largely be used by the
Europeans to buy U.S.
manufactured goods and
raw materials
•Communist influence on
Western Europe would
be reduced
The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan

21. Which country received the most aid from the United States?
Why would Great Britain and France receive the most aid?
Is the U.S. acting out of self interest? Why?
The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan

22. Evaluate the two photos. What significant changes have occurred in the second photo?
The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan

23. •A promise made by U.S. President Truman to provide military and
economic support to all countries that rejected communism
•This policy of stopping any further spread of communism became
known as the ______________________
•A promise made by U.S. President Truman to provide military and
economic support to all countries that rejected communism
•This policy of stopping any further spread of communism became
known as the ______________________
1947 - The Truman Doctrine1947 - The Truman Doctrine
Policy of containment

24. 1947 - The Truman Doctrine1947 - The Truman Doctrine
1. In what way would the continuation of chaos in Western Europe be
beneficial to the Soviet Union?
2. What country does the cartoonist see as the savior of Western Europe?

25. What is the idea of a
domino theory?
The domino theory was a 20th Century foreign policy theory that speculated if one land
in a region came under the influence of Communists, then more would follow in a
domino effect.

26. 1949 – Major Domino falls – Chinese communists
take control of China
1949 – Major Domino falls – Chinese communists
take control of China
1949 - USSR explodes an atomic bomb

27. 1949 - NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization –
Western Nations join in a military alliance
to defend against Communist threats.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization –
Western Nations join in a military alliance
to defend against Communist threats.
1955 – Warsaw Pact
USSR and Eastern Bloc Nations join in a
military alliance to counter NATO.
USSR and Eastern Bloc Nations join in a
military alliance to counter NATO.
United States, Great Britain, France, Italy,
Canada, Belgium, Denmark, Iceland,
Portugal, West Germany, Greece, Turkey
United States, Great Britain, France, Italy,
Canada, Belgium, Denmark, Iceland,
Portugal, West Germany, Greece, Turkey
Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, East
Germany, Bulgaria, Albania
Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, East
Germany, Bulgaria, Albania

28. 28
Change
in
Leaders
The early
1950s saw a
change in
leaders in
both the US
and USSR.
American
President
Dwight
Eisenhower
wins the
election of
1952

29. 29
Change in Leaders
USSR: Nikita Khruschev takes over when Stalin dies in 1953.
“Whether you like
it or not, history is
on our side.
We will bury you!”

30. 30
Hydrogen Bomb
• US exploded the 1st H-bomb on November 1, 1952 in South Pacific.
• Russians exploded on in August of 1953.
• US exploded the 1st H-bomb on November 1, 1952 in South Pacific.
• Russians exploded on in August of 1953.

31. 31
Hydrogen Bomb
• Led to MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction – Military theory of
nuclear deterrence holding that neither side will attack the other
if both sides are guaranteed to be totally destroyed in the conflict.
• Led to MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction – Military theory of
nuclear deterrence holding that neither side will attack the other
if both sides are guaranteed to be totally destroyed in the conflict.

32. THE BERLIN WALL
Film Clip
1961: Soviets wanted to keep Germans from moving out of1961: Soviets wanted to keep Germans from moving out of
East GermanyEast Germany into West Berlin, where they could become freeinto West Berlin, where they could become free
1961: Soviets wanted to keep Germans from moving out of1961: Soviets wanted to keep Germans from moving out of
East GermanyEast Germany into West Berlin, where they could become freeinto West Berlin, where they could become free

33. Berlin Wall BuiltBerlin Wall Built
Berlin Wall became the symbol ofBerlin Wall became the symbol of
Communist oppression around the worldCommunist oppression around the world
Berlin Wall became the symbol ofBerlin Wall became the symbol of
Communist oppression around the worldCommunist oppression around the world

34. THE BERLIN
WALL
Film Clip

35. Brinkmanship
Defined as willingness to push the nation to the “brink” of nuclear war and
not appease the enemy.
However, you will pull back at the last possible moment to avoid war!
Defined as willingness to push the nation to the “brink” of nuclear war and
not appease the enemy.
However, you will pull back at the last possible moment to avoid war!

36. “Grandpa!” I shouted. “Be careful! Oh gee!
Who’s going to drop it? Will you…? Or will he...?”
“Be patient,” said Grandpa. “We’ll see. We will see...”
“Grandpa!” I shouted. “Be careful! Oh gee!
Who’s going to drop it? Will you…? Or will he...?”
“Be patient,” said Grandpa. “We’ll see. We will see...” Film Clip

37. 37Russians – By Sting