The document summarizes the Chinese Communist Revolution from 1899 to 1949. It describes the rise of Chinese nationalism in response to foreign influence, the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty by the Nationalist Party led by Sun Yixian, and the subsequent civil war between the Nationalists and Communists led by Mao Zedong. After years of conflict, including fighting together against Japanese invasion, Mao and the Communists emerged victorious in 1949, establishing the People's Republic of China with Mao as its leader.

1. CHINESE COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONCHINESE COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONCHINESE COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONCHINESE COMMUNIST REVOLUTION

2. 1899 –________________- U.S. proposed that China opens their “doors” for merchants of all nations.1899 –________________- U.S. proposed that China opens their “doors” for merchants of all nations.Open Door Policy
Spheres of
Influence

3. 1899 - _______________ - Powerful secret society called “The Righteous and
Harmonious Fists” made up of poor farmers and workers. They resented foreign
influence and marched into Beijing to attack the foreigners.
1899 - _______________ - Powerful secret society called “The Righteous and
Harmonious Fists” made up of poor farmers and workers. They resented foreign
influence and marched into Beijing to attack the foreigners.
Boxer Rebellion
The rebellion failed due to the strength of the
European military but ignited a sense of
nationalism in China. People wanted change.
Failed
Rebellions

4. 1911 - Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-
Sen) leads his Kuomintang
(Guomintang) or ___________
Party and overthrows the Qing
Dynasty.
1911 - Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-
Sen) leads his Kuomintang
(Guomintang) or ___________
Party and overthrows the Qing
Dynasty.
Nationalis
t
Dr. Sun Yixian
Last Emperor of Qing Dynasty, Pu Yi

5. Develops ____________________________:
1. ____________- overthrow weak government and unite all Chinese under a strong
centralized government.
2. ___________- Use constitutional government: equality for all and elected officials.
3. ___________- Give fair and equal ownership of land so all Chinese live well.
Develops ____________________________:
1. ____________- overthrow weak government and unite all Chinese under a strong
centralized government.
2. ___________- Use constitutional government: equality for all and elected officials.
3. ___________- Give fair and equal ownership of land so all Chinese live well.
Three Principles of the
People
Nationalism
Democracy
Livelihood

6. 1916 - Nationalist Party
has trouble controlling
warlords and loses power.
1917 - Chinese fight in
WWI declaring war on
Germany in hopes of
impressing the
Europeans and regaining
economic influence in
their country. Instead, the
Treaty Of Versailles
rewards Japan with
Germany’s holdings in
China.
1919 - World War I ends.
1916 - Nationalist Party
has trouble controlling
warlords and loses power.
1917 - Chinese fight in
WWI declaring war on
Germany in hopes of
impressing the
Europeans and regaining
economic influence in
their country. Instead, the
Treaty Of Versailles
rewards Japan with
Germany’s holdings in
China.
1919 - World War I ends.
Trouble Uniting China

7. 1919 –______________________ - Violent student protests take place
throughout China due to unfair treatment of Treaty of Versailles and Japan’s
influence in China.
May Fourth Movement
Self
Determination!
Self
Determination!

8. 1921 - Communist Party formed - Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) leads
Communist party which is influenced by __________ and ______________. Their
goal was to take over the government and create a centralized government to
regulate the agricultural output, education, and society. Mao believed the
peasants were most important and sought to distribute land equally to all.
1921 - Communist Party formed - Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) leads
Communist party which is influenced by __________ and ______________. Their
goal was to take over the government and create a centralized government to
regulate the agricultural output, education, and society. Mao believed the
peasants were most important and sought to distribute land equally to all.
Karl Marx Vladimir Lenin
“Destroy the Old China!”
“Revolution is not a dinner
party!”
Mao Zedong

9. 1922 - Despite differences, Communists and Nationalists unite together to fight
warlords and Japanese.
1922 - Despite differences, Communists and Nationalists unite together to fight
warlords and Japanese.
1925 - Sun Yixian dies and
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-
Shek) becomes the leader of
the Kuomintang, or Nationalist
Party.
1925 - Sun Yixian dies and
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-
Shek) becomes the leader of
the Kuomintang, or Nationalist
Party.
Jiang Jieshi
(Chiang Kai-Shek)
Sun Yixian and Jiang JieshiSun Yixian and Jiang Jieshi

10. 1927 –__________________- Jiang
Jieshi and the Nationalists kill thousands
of Communists. New National Republic
of China is formed and officially
recognized by Europeans.
1927 –__________________- Jiang
Jieshi and the Nationalists kill thousands
of Communists. New National Republic
of China is formed and officially
recognized by Europeans.
Shanghai
Massacre
Warlords are Defeated
but…

11. 1930 - Civil War - Nationalist Party does nothing to reform and better China. No land
reforms or open elections took place and peasants remained unhappy. Communists
regain strength and begin war against the Nationalists.
1931 - Japan invades __________ (north of China)
1930 - Civil War - Nationalist Party does nothing to reform and better China. No land
reforms or open elections took place and peasants remained unhappy. Communists
regain strength and begin war against the Nationalists.
1931 - Japan invades __________ (north of China)Manchuria
Nationalists Take Power

12. 1934 –_______________- Nationalist forces chase Communists over 6,000 miles through China.
For one year, the Communists fled always staying one step ahead of the Nationalists. Over 100,000
people began the journey but only about 30,000 survived.
1934 –_______________- Nationalist forces chase Communists over 6,000 miles through China.
For one year, the Communists fled always staying one step ahead of the Nationalists. Over 100,000
people began the journey but only about 30,000 survived.
The Long March
Film Clip

13. How do the conditions of the Long March appear to be in this picture??
The Long March: 1934-The Long March: 1934-

14. How do the conditions of the Long March appear to be in this picture??
Compare the two images of the Long
March
Compare the two images of the Long
March

15. The Legend of Luding
Bridge

16. Nationalists Communists
Sun Yixian
Jiang
Jieshi
Sun Yixian
Jiang
Jieshi
Mao
Zedong
Mao
Zedong
United China
Great Organized
Government
Equality for the People
United China
Great Organized
Government
Equality for the People
Chinese Civil
War
• Democracy
• Right to
Vote
• Equal
Opportunit
y
• Communis
m
• Small
group of
rulers
• Equal

17. 1937 - Japan invades China and forces Nationalists to unite
with Communists. Both groups battle Japan throughout WWII
(1939-1945) However, the Communists begin to gain power
and influence throughout China, especially with the peasants.
1945 - Civil War continues - After WWII ends, the
Communists and Nationalists continue civil war for control of
China.
Japanese Invasion of ChinaJapanese Invasion of China

18. After the Long March and WWII, Mao and the communists
continued to fight a civil war against the Nationalists. Mao’s red
army was able to push back the Nationalist to the island of Taiwan.
Dejected
Nationalists
soldiers wait for
their retreat from
Nanjing
Dejected
Nationalists
soldiers wait for
their retreat from
Nanjing
Mao’s Red Army enters
Nanjing
Mao’s Red Army enters
Nanjing

19. The Nationalist armies were exhausted and demoralized from the long war with Japan. As a result,
the fresh and highly motivated People’s Liberation Army were able to score many victories over
them. By 1948 the situation was looking bad for the Nationalists, and good for the Communists.
Victorious Communists march into Beijing,
1949

20. 1949 - With the wide and mass support of the
peasants and workers, Mao Zedong defeats
Jiang Jieshi and creates
___________________ ____________. The
Nationalists flee mainland China to Taiwan,
creating Two Chinas.
Communists create a one-party state led by Mao Zedong -
Begin Reforms:
1. All resources are directed toward political, social, and economic growth
2. Improved medical supplies and hospitals
3. Schools built
4. Regulation of all media (press, writing, speech, etc.)
the Peoples Republicof
China

21. Mao Zedong Believed that peasant equality, revolutionary spirit, and
hard work were all that was needed to improve China’s economy.

22. How will Mao Rule?How will Mao Rule?
Film Clip

23. QUESTIONS:QUESTIONS:
1. How and why did Nationalism develop in China in the early
1900s?
2. Why did Sun Yixian receive vast support for overthrowing
the Qing Empire which had existed for almost 300 years?
3. How did WWI and WWII affect China?
4. How did Mao Zedong and the Communists win the Civil
War?
5. During this 100 year period, which event do you think was
the most important in determining China’s future? Why?