The document discusses different types of displays including CRT, LCD, OLED, and smart TVs. CRT was the standard until recent years but has issues like bulkiness. LCD became popular due to efficiency but has limited viewing angles. OLED provides benefits like thinness and flexibility but has higher costs. Smart TVs integrate internet and allow access to online content and applications in an interactive way. 3D TV uses techniques like binocular parallax to provide depth perception.

1. By: Abhilash Nair

2. • CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
• LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
• OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode)
• Smart TV
• 3D TV

3. • Invented in 1897 by Karl Ferdinand
Braun
• Standard for televisions until recent
years

4. • A=cathode
• B=conductive coating
• C=anode
• D=phosphor-coated screen
• E=electron beams
• F=shadow mask
• Uses R,G,and B phosphors
• The three beams are
accelerated and focused
by the anode.

5. • High color fidelity and contrast
• Better resolution with moving images
• CRTs are less expensive than
comparable displays using other
display technologies.

6. •Susceptible to phosphor burn-in
•Bulky and heavy sets
•Consume a lot of energy
•Old technology

7. • Liquid crystals were first
discovered in 1888, by
Austrian botanist Friedrich
Reinitzer.
• First experimental LCD by
RCA in 1968
• Based on properties of
polarized light.

8. • Formed by two glass
layers called substrates.
• One is in charge of
columns, and the other is
in charge of rows.
• Liquid crystals are
sandwiched in between
these two layers
• Uses a grid to charge
specific pixels.
• When this happens the
crystals untwist and allow
light to pass through.

9. • More efficient use of electricity than CRT
• Produce little glare compared to plasmas
• Largest screen sizes than other flat panels
• Thin, with a small footprint. Consume little
electricity and produce little heat.

10. • Considerably more expensive than comparable
CRTs
• Color contrast is not the best
• Limited viewing angle. Brightness, contrast,
gamma and color mixtures vary with the viewing
angle. Can lead to contrast and color reversal at
large angles. Need to be viewed as close to
straight ahead as possible.

11. •Developed by Eastman-
Kodak
•Competing against LCD
and plasma television
displays

12. • The first diode device was reported at Eastman
Kodak by Ching W. Tang and Steven Van Slyke in
1987.
• This device used a novel two-layer structure with
separate hole transporting and electron transporting
layers such that recombination and light emission
occurred in the middle of the organic layer. This
resulted in a reduction in operating voltage and
improvements in efficiency and led to the current
era of OLED research and device production.

16. Layers:
•Early OLEDs had one layer of organic material between two
electrodes.
Modern OLEDs are bi-layer, they have an emissive layer and
conductive layer sandwiched between two electrodes (see
diagram above).
•1. Electric current passes from the cathode to the anode. It passes
through two layers of organic molecules.
•2. The first layer the electrons pass into what is called the emissive
layer. Electrons leave the conductive layer making 'holes' (positive
charge). Meanwhile in the emissive layer there are excessive
electrons (negative). The 'holes' jump to the emissive layer along the
border of the two layers where they recombine with electrons (this
place is the p/n junction). When the electrons join the holes light is
emitted.
•Light color is dependent on the materials used in the organic or
polymer layers.

18. Types of OLEDs:
LEC - Electrochemical Cell - this has ions added to the OLED

19. PMOLED - Passive-matrix OLED - the first display technology,
developed in the mid 90s

20. * AMOLED - Active-matrix OLED - used in displays, it has a
switch built into it in the form of a thin film transistor
backplane. The transistor allows the unit to be switched on
and off.

22. PLED - polymer LED

23. • Thinner, lighter, more flexible
• Can be plastic instead of glass
• Does not require backlighting
• Brighter than traditional LED’s
• Consume less power than LED’s
• Large field of view around 170 degrees

24. • Easily damaged by water
• High manufacturing costs
• Blue OLED films have shorter lifespan than Red and Green

26. • Three dimensional TV marked the next revolution in the
TV history.
•A 3D TV prototype system was implemented with real-
time acquisition, transmission and 3D display of dynamic
scenes.
• That was the first real-time end-to-end 3D TV system with
enough views and resolution to provide a truly immersive
3D experience.
26

27. •Binocular Parallax- Binocular parallax defers
to the ability of the eyes to see a solid object
and a continuous surface behind that object
even though the eyes see two different views.
•Motion Parallax- It means information at the
retina caused by relative movement of objects
as the observer moves to the side (or his head
moves sideways).

28. •Depth Perception- It allows the beholder
to accurately gauge the distance to an
object. It is the visual ability to perceive the
world in three dimensions.
•Stereographic Images- It means two
pictures taken with a spatial or time
separation that are then arranged to be
viewed simultaneously.

29. •IMAX screen
•OMNIMAX screen
•Animation Industry
•Virtual Training
•Home Entertainment

30. 30

32. • The concept of smart TVs is still in its incipient stages.
• A smart TV, which is also sometimes referred to as
"connected TV" or "hybrid TV", is the phrase used to
describe the current trend of integration of the Internet
and Web 2.0 features into modern television sets and set-
top boxes, as well as the technological convergence
between computers and these television sets / set-top
boxes. These new devices most often also have a much
higher focus on online interactive media, Internet TV, as
well as on-demand streaming media, and less focus on
traditional broadcast media like previous generations of
television sets and set-top boxes always have had.

33. The two main services of a "smart TV" are:
•To deliver content from other computers or network attached
storage devices on your network like photos, movies and music
using either a DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) service
program like Windows Media Player on your PC or NAS, or via
iTunes.
•To provide access to Internet-based services including
traditional broadcast TV channels, catch-up services, video-
on-demand, EPG(Electronic Program Guide), interactive
advertising, personalization, voting, games, social networking,
and other multimedia applications.

34. • Convenient to use.
• Interactive
• Keyboard Remote Control
• Device Connections
• Wide variety of applications
• Video Conferencing

35. Most expensive TV available in the market

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