Transparent electronics allow electronic devices like phones, windows, and displays to function while maintaining transparency. This is achieved using materials like zinc oxide and amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide that conduct electricity yet transmit visible light. Potential applications include see-through displays, touchscreens, solar cells, and heaters that are optically clear. Advancements continue to be made in improving device performance and expanding uses of transparent electronics in areas like displays, photovoltaics, and unconventional surfaces.

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TRANSPARENT
ELECTRONICS

2. Ever wondered that you are travelling in
a car and you want to watch a movie or
video play and the glass shields i.e.
window panels will turn into a
television screen or working on a
computer that simply looks like a glass
sheet just like the future computer in
movie “Krrish” or holding a transparent
iPhone…!!!
Yeah you would have certainly…but
how is it possible!!!
That’s what my topic “Transparent Electronics” is all about…!!!
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3. Introduction
➢ Transparent electronics (also called as invisible
electronics) is an emerging technology.
➢ It employs wide band-gap
semiconductors(3.7eV) for the realization of
invisible circuits and opto-electronic devices.
➢The first scientific goal of this technology must
be to discover, understand, and implement
transparent high-performance electronic materials.
➢The second goal is their implementation and
evaluation in transistor and circuit structures.
➢The third goal relates to achieving application-
specific properties since transistor performance
and materials property requirements vary,
depending on the final product device .
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4. PRE-HISTORY
➢The two technologies which preceded and
underlie transparent electronics are
Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCOs) and
Thin- Film Transistors (TFTs).
➢TCOs constitute an unusual class of
materials possessing two contradictory
physical properties- high optical transparency
and high electrical conductivity. The three
most common TCOs are indium oxide In2O3,
tin oxide SnO2 and zinc oxide ZnO2.
➢The thin-film transistor (TFTs)..
Structure of TFTs
Mate
rial
Band
gap
(eV)
Conducti
vity
(Scm-1)
Electron
Concentr
ation (cm-
3)
Mobil
ity
(cm2V-
1s-1)
In2O3 3.75 10,000 >1021 35
ZnO2 3.35 8,000 >1021 20
SnO2 3.6 5,000 >1020 15
Electrical properties of common
TCOs
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5. HOW TRANSPARENT
ELECTRONIC DEVICES WORK?
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➢ The challenge for producing "invisible" electronic circuitry and opto-electronic
devices is that the transistor materials must be transparent to visible light yet have good
carrier mobilities which requires a special class of materials having "contra-indicated
properties".
➢ Oxide semiconductors are very interesting materials because they combine
simultaneously high/low conductivity with high visual transparency.
➢ Transparent oxide semiconductor based transistors have recently been proposed using
as active channel intrinsic zinc oxide (ZnO).

6. ➢ The main advantages of using ZnO are:
1. The fact that it is possible to growth at/near
room temperature high quality
polycrystalline ZnO, which is a particular
advantage for electronic drivers, where the
response speed is of major importance.
2. Since ZnO is a wide band gap material (3.4
eV), it is transparent in the visible region of
the spectra and therefore, also less light
sensitive.
➢ The second is amorphous oxides with heavy
metal content, such as amorphous InGaZnO4 (a-
IGZO) also used in this application.
➢ A comparison of ZnO and a-IGZO shows that
ZnO has the lead when it comes to carrier
mobility. At present, though, a-IGZO is the
material of choice for large-area displays,
electronic paper utilizing low-temperature
processing, etc.
Oxides play key role:
The major substrate
used for this purpose is
Glass.
Diamond
Glass
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7. ADVANCEMENTS MADE IN
TRANSPARENT ELECTRONICS
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Characteristics other than Transparency.
Transparent semiconductors, in addition to being transparent, have a number of useful characteristics,
including a wide band gap, relatively high carrier mobility, low-temperature manufacturability, and low
manufacturing costs thanks to the low-temperature process and inexpensive materials. As a result, R&D into
propertiesotherthantransparencyisalsoactive.
Lets consider the properties of materials other than
transparency and their applications…

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APPLICATIONS OF TRANSPARENT
ELECTRONICS
➢ Transparent circuits will have
unprecedented applications in flat
panel displays and other electronic
devices, such as see through display
or novel display structures.
➢ They have been widely used in a
variety of applications like:
1. Antistatic coatings
2. Touch display panels
3. Solar cells,
4. Flat panel transparent displays
5. Heaters
7. Optical coatings.
and many more….

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ANTISTATIC COATINGS
● AN ANTISTATIC AGENT IS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF MATERIAL OR
THEIR SURFACES IN ORDER TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE BUILDUP OF
STATIC ELECTRICITY.

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FLAT PANELS TRANSPARENT DISPLAY
● The Al doping generates a free electron in the
conduction band, increases the n-type electrical
conductivity in the crystal…...

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HEATERS
Transparent heater allows continuous high definition operation of device
monitors in low temperature environments. Optically clear, our LCD screen
heaters are typically used in applications that require a high degree of light
transmission.

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MARKET OF TRANSPARENT
ELECTRONICS
● An organic light-emitting diode
(OLED) is a light-emitting diode
( LED) ... (each pixel provide
its own illumination) ..
● EMI Shielding is used to
reduce undesired
electromagnetic interference in
electronic circuitry..
● photovoltaics Organic and
dye synthesized ..
● electronic paper displays
reflect light like paper...

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Future Scope
➢ In the field of solar cells, although
much progress has been made in
developing new materials and
devices for high performance
transparent solar cells, there is still
plenty of opportunity to study and
improve device performance and
fabrication techniques compared with
the nontransparent solar cell devices.
➢ It is likely that new scientific
discoveries and technological
advances will continue to cross
fertilize each other for the foreseeable
future.
# SOLAR AND PV CELLS
# MAINSTREAM DISPLAYS
# UNCONVENTIONAL
SURFACES
# TOUCH SURFACES

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CONCLUSION
➢ Oxides represent a relatively new class
of semiconductor materials applied to
active devices, such as TFTs, SWNT
transistors.
➢ The combination of high field effect
mobility and low processing temperature
for oxide semiconductors makes them
attractive for high performance electronics
on flexible plastic substrates.
Let us hope that we are soon going to
see transparent technology being
implemented in our lives…!!!

17. REFERENCES
✓‘Transparent Electronics ’, Springer
publications, J.F.Wager, D. A. Keszler, R. E.
Presley.
✓‘Transparent electronics: from synthesis to
applications’, Wiley publications: Antonio
Facchetti, Tobin J. Marks.
✓www.wikipedia.org
✓www.ieee.org
✓www.alternative-energy-news.info/transparent-
a-solar-energy-breakthrough/
✓www.nanomarkets.net
✓www.nikkeibp.co.jp
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18. That’sallaboutTransparent
Electronics…!!!
Thank you and
queries…!!!
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