E-paper, also known as electronic paper or electronic ink display, was first developed in the 1970s. It reflects light like ordinary paper, making it more comfortable to read than backlit displays. E-paper is extremely light and flexible. It consists of a front plane with electronic ink microcapsules and a back plane of circuitry. The microcapsules contain charged white and black particles that move to the top when electric fields are applied, making the surface appear white or black. E-paper technologies include gyricon, electrophoretic display, and electrowetting. E-paper has a wide viewing angle, is readable in sunlight, holds images without power, and has low power consumption. However, it
In these presentation ,we have discussed about E-paper technology and it's construction,advantages,disdvantages and applications. Also, future scopes of E-paper have been discussed.
E-paper is one of the types of displays, which have a unique property of being flexible. also it acn be used similarly as a paper. the files that need to be accessed on it should be loaded by certain interfaces.
Electronic Paper is also called Electronic ink DisplayUnlike conventional backlit flat panel displays which emit light, E-paper displays reflect light like ordinary paper.It can be described as an easily transportable electronic display device that looks like real paper and can be rewritten millions of times.
E-paper is a portable, reusable storage and display medium that looks like paper but can be repeatedly written on (refreshed) - by electronic means - thousands or millions of times.
In these presentation ,we have discussed about E-paper technology and it's construction,advantages,disdvantages and applications. Also, future scopes of E-paper have been discussed.
E-paper is one of the types of displays, which have a unique property of being flexible. also it acn be used similarly as a paper. the files that need to be accessed on it should be loaded by certain interfaces.
Electronic Paper is also called Electronic ink DisplayUnlike conventional backlit flat panel displays which emit light, E-paper displays reflect light like ordinary paper.It can be described as an easily transportable electronic display device that looks like real paper and can be rewritten millions of times.
E-paper is a portable, reusable storage and display medium that looks like paper but can be repeatedly written on (refreshed) - by electronic means - thousands or millions of times.
Flexible displays are essentially very thin display screens that can be printed onto flexible or stretchable material and then attached to other surfaces or produced in a variety of shapes
E-paper is a revolutionary material that can be used to make next generation electronic displays. It is portable reusable storage and display medium that look like paper but can be repeatedly written one thousands of times. These displays make the beginning of a new area for battery power information applications such as cell phones, pagers, watches and hand-held computers etc.
Like traditional paper, E-paper must be lightweight, flexible, glare free and low cost. Research found that in just few years this technology could replace paper in many situations and leading us ink a truly paperless world.
I was presented this ppt in college .........
A durable and flexible display with low-power consumption, high-contrast ratio, has been a technical challenge for nowadays. They have to be lightweight, rugged, and in some cases, conformal, wearable, rollable and unbreakable. The recent successful integration of flexible display technologies and the traditional web-based processing and/or inkjet technologies has opened up the possibility of low cost and high throughput roll-to-roll manufacturing and has shown the potential to replace the paper used today.
A flexible display cannot rely on a normal layer of glass as used in displays common at the time since glass does not fulfill the criteria of flexibility. Instead of glass it is possible to build displays on metal foil and a variety of plastics, each of which pose many difficult issues waiting to be resolved. For example, a plastic substrate replacing glass would need to over some properties of glass, i.e. clarity, dimensional stability, thermal stability, barrier, solvent resistance and a low coefficient of thermal expansion coupled with a smooth surface. No plastic isomers have all these properties, yet, so any plastic-based substrate will almost certainly be a multilayer composite structure.
Flexible display is a display which is flexible in nature; differentiable from the more prevalent traditional flat screen displays used in most electronics devices. In the recent years there has been a growing interest from numerous consumer electronics manufacturers to apply this display technology in e-readers, mobile phones and other consumer electronics.
Flexible displays are an exciting development because of their physical and performance attributes and their capability to enable new products requiring displays with unique form factors that the current rigid glass substrate based displays cannot support. Flexible displays can be very thin, light weight, have unique form factors and be highly rugged and not prone to breakage on impact unlike rigid and flat glass substrate based displays. The flexible form factors such as having an arbitrary shape, ability to be curved, conformal, bendable, and roll-able can enable a variety of new applications and products.
Organic Thin Film Transistor 2016: Flexible Displays and Other Applications 2...Yole Developpement
Are OTFTs ready to disrupt the display industry and enable fully-flexible devices?
ORGANIC TFTS ARE ENTERING THE FAB BY THE BACK DOOR
When trying to build a flexible display panel, the Thin Film Transistor (TFT) matrix is one of the most challenging and fragile functional layers.
Interest in OTFT emerged in the mid-2000s when mobility reached values similar to amorphous silicon (a-Si), the dominant display backplane technology. This triggered a flurry of activity at leading display manufacturers, and prototypes rapidly emerged. Besides fast-improving electrical performance, OTFT’s intrinsic flexibility made the technology ideal for the realization of flexible displays. In 2007, the first ever flexible AMOLED panel was demonstrated by Sony and featured an organic TFT.
However, interest waned as performance and homogeneity issues persisted, and other TFT technologies like LTPS and metal oxide emerged.
Nevertheless, organic semiconductor companies kept perfecting their molecules and ink formulations, gaining a better understanding of the interaction between the materials, the transistor structure, and the manufacturing process. Consequently, performance in the lab improved by another order of magnitude. Combined with the explosive growth of flexible displays and the promise of a cost-efficient, solution-based manufacturing process, interest in OTFT has renewed.
Panel makers remain cautious, but a handful in Taiwan and China are currently attempting to retrofit older Gen 2.5 - 4.5 fabs with OTFT. These first attempts to move OTFT into mass production will be critical for the technology’s future. Failure in these initial industrialization attempts could be fatal for the OTFT industry, or, at the very least, set it back many years. However, if OTFT proves that it can be mass produced and enables panel makers to revive those obsolete fabs with high-margin flexible displays, there are no fundamental barriers prohibiting the technology from being quickly scaled up to fabs Gen 8 or above, and possibly challenge the vast market for traditional a-Si based panels like LCD TV, monitors, etc. In the long-term, because they are inherently solution-processable, OTFTs are also an ideal backplane candidate for additive manufacturing and fully printed displays.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
application and advantages of printed electronics.
Revolutionary technique of making electronics
components
•Printed electronics is based on new materials
and manufacturing processes.
•Simple way of fabrication of simple electronics
components
Flexible displays are essentially very thin display screens that can be printed onto flexible or stretchable material and then attached to other surfaces or produced in a variety of shapes
E-paper is a revolutionary material that can be used to make next generation electronic displays. It is portable reusable storage and display medium that look like paper but can be repeatedly written one thousands of times. These displays make the beginning of a new area for battery power information applications such as cell phones, pagers, watches and hand-held computers etc.
Like traditional paper, E-paper must be lightweight, flexible, glare free and low cost. Research found that in just few years this technology could replace paper in many situations and leading us ink a truly paperless world.
I was presented this ppt in college .........
A durable and flexible display with low-power consumption, high-contrast ratio, has been a technical challenge for nowadays. They have to be lightweight, rugged, and in some cases, conformal, wearable, rollable and unbreakable. The recent successful integration of flexible display technologies and the traditional web-based processing and/or inkjet technologies has opened up the possibility of low cost and high throughput roll-to-roll manufacturing and has shown the potential to replace the paper used today.
A flexible display cannot rely on a normal layer of glass as used in displays common at the time since glass does not fulfill the criteria of flexibility. Instead of glass it is possible to build displays on metal foil and a variety of plastics, each of which pose many difficult issues waiting to be resolved. For example, a plastic substrate replacing glass would need to over some properties of glass, i.e. clarity, dimensional stability, thermal stability, barrier, solvent resistance and a low coefficient of thermal expansion coupled with a smooth surface. No plastic isomers have all these properties, yet, so any plastic-based substrate will almost certainly be a multilayer composite structure.
Flexible display is a display which is flexible in nature; differentiable from the more prevalent traditional flat screen displays used in most electronics devices. In the recent years there has been a growing interest from numerous consumer electronics manufacturers to apply this display technology in e-readers, mobile phones and other consumer electronics.
Flexible displays are an exciting development because of their physical and performance attributes and their capability to enable new products requiring displays with unique form factors that the current rigid glass substrate based displays cannot support. Flexible displays can be very thin, light weight, have unique form factors and be highly rugged and not prone to breakage on impact unlike rigid and flat glass substrate based displays. The flexible form factors such as having an arbitrary shape, ability to be curved, conformal, bendable, and roll-able can enable a variety of new applications and products.
Organic Thin Film Transistor 2016: Flexible Displays and Other Applications 2...Yole Developpement
Are OTFTs ready to disrupt the display industry and enable fully-flexible devices?
ORGANIC TFTS ARE ENTERING THE FAB BY THE BACK DOOR
When trying to build a flexible display panel, the Thin Film Transistor (TFT) matrix is one of the most challenging and fragile functional layers.
Interest in OTFT emerged in the mid-2000s when mobility reached values similar to amorphous silicon (a-Si), the dominant display backplane technology. This triggered a flurry of activity at leading display manufacturers, and prototypes rapidly emerged. Besides fast-improving electrical performance, OTFT’s intrinsic flexibility made the technology ideal for the realization of flexible displays. In 2007, the first ever flexible AMOLED panel was demonstrated by Sony and featured an organic TFT.
However, interest waned as performance and homogeneity issues persisted, and other TFT technologies like LTPS and metal oxide emerged.
Nevertheless, organic semiconductor companies kept perfecting their molecules and ink formulations, gaining a better understanding of the interaction between the materials, the transistor structure, and the manufacturing process. Consequently, performance in the lab improved by another order of magnitude. Combined with the explosive growth of flexible displays and the promise of a cost-efficient, solution-based manufacturing process, interest in OTFT has renewed.
Panel makers remain cautious, but a handful in Taiwan and China are currently attempting to retrofit older Gen 2.5 - 4.5 fabs with OTFT. These first attempts to move OTFT into mass production will be critical for the technology’s future. Failure in these initial industrialization attempts could be fatal for the OTFT industry, or, at the very least, set it back many years. However, if OTFT proves that it can be mass produced and enables panel makers to revive those obsolete fabs with high-margin flexible displays, there are no fundamental barriers prohibiting the technology from being quickly scaled up to fabs Gen 8 or above, and possibly challenge the vast market for traditional a-Si based panels like LCD TV, monitors, etc. In the long-term, because they are inherently solution-processable, OTFTs are also an ideal backplane candidate for additive manufacturing and fully printed displays.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
application and advantages of printed electronics.
Revolutionary technique of making electronics
components
•Printed electronics is based on new materials
and manufacturing processes.
•Simple way of fabrication of simple electronics
components
Prezentace Tomáše Zilvara, která představuje fenomén elektronické knihy a její vývoj v USA a ČR.
Chcete vědět víc? Mnoho dalších prezentací, videí z konferencí, fotografií i jiných dokumentů je k dispozici v institucionálním repozitáři NTK: http://repozitar.techlib.cz
Would you like to know more? Find presentations, reports, conference videos, photos and much more in our institutional repository at: http://repozitar.techlib.cz/?ln=en
Smart Paper Technology a Review Based On Concepts of EPaper Technologyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
2. Introduction
E-paper also known as Electronic Paper or Electronic ink Display.
Electronic paper was first developed in the 1970s by Nick Sheridon
at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research center.
Unlike conventional backlit flat panel displays which emit light, Epaper displays reflect light like ordinary paper, theoretically making
it more comfortable to read, and giving the surface a wider
viewing angle compared to conventional displays.
extremely light and flexible.
3. Construction of E-paper
• It has two different parts.
• Front plane.
• Back plane.
• The front plane consist of E-ink.
• The back plane consist of electronic circuits
• Back plane is made up of organic thin film transistor arrays which
provide voltage needed by the E-Paper.
• To form an E-ink electronic display the ink is printed onto a plastic
film that is laminated to a layer of circuitry.
4. Front plane
• The front plane consist of E-ink.
• E-ink is made up of millions of tiny
microcapsules.
• Microcapsules have diameter of the order of
100 microns.
• Each microcapsule contains positively charged
white particles and negatively charged black
particles suspended in a clear fluid .
• When a positive or negative electric field is
applied, corresponding particles move to the
top of the microcapsule where they become
visible to the viewer. This makes the surface
appear white or black at that spot.
E-ink 2-pigment system
6. Glyricon
• It was the first electronic paper and was developed in 1970’s.
• Consists of polyethylene spheres having diameter between 75-106
micrometers.
• Each sphere is a janus particle composed of negatively charged black
plastic on one side and positively charged white plastic on the other
(each bead is thus a dipole).
• These spheres are embedded in transparent silicone made
sheet, with each sphere suspended in a bubble of oil so that they
can rotate freely.
• The polarity of the voltage applied to each pair of electrodes then
determines whether the white or black side is face-up, thus giving
the pixel a white or black appearance.
7. Electrophoretic display
• Each E-ink capsule contains an oily solution containing black dye (the
electronic ink), with numerous white titanium dioxide particles
suspended within these capsules are dispersed in a hydrocarbon oil
in which dark-colored dye and charging agents are also added.
• Capsule diameter is 40 micrometer.
• Gap between the two conducting plates is of the order of 100
micrometers and the mixture is placed between these plates.
• When a voltage is applied across the two plates, the particles will
migrate electrophoretically to the plate bearing the opposite charge
from that on the particles.
8. • When the particles are located at the front (viewing) side of the
display, it appears white, because light is scattered back to the
viewer by the high refractive -index titania particles.
• When the particles are located at the rear side of the display, it
appears dark, because the incident light is absorbed by the
colored dye.
9. Electrowetting
Based on the phenomenon of Electrowetting effect.
L-liquid
I-insulator
S-substrate
based on controlling the shape of a confined water/oil interface by
an applied voltage.
With no voltage applied, the (coloured) oil forms a flat film between
the water and a hydrophobic (water-repellent) insulating coating of
an electrode, resulting in a coloured pixel.
When a voltage is applied between the electrode and the water,
the interfacial tension between the water and the coating changes.
As a result the stacked state is no longer stable, causing the water
to move the oil aside.
This results in a partly transparent pixel, or, if a reflective white
surface is used under the switchable element, a white pixel.
10. Comparison of e-paper & lcd
Electronic Ink Display
Liquid Crystal Display
Wide viewing angle
Best image only from one position
Readable in sunlight
Can be difficult to see in sunlight
Holds image without power drain
Required power to hold images
Plastic or glass
Glass only
Light Weight
Power supply and glass make LCDs
relatively heavy
Thin (~1 mm)
Thick (~7 mm)
11. Power consumption
This analysis done for E ink triton.
Mechanical / Dimensional for 6" Display:
Electrical specifications:
Supply Voltage:
2.7—3.3 V DC
Power Consumption:
Active update peak: 1800 mW
Active update typical: 750 mW
Standby typical: 1 mW
12. Merits of E-paper
Paper-like Readability
They are persistent without power, drawing current only when
they change, which means low power consumption therefore
batteries can be smaller and last longer.
• An electronic ink display module is thinner, lighter weight, and
more robust than conventional LCD's.
• Electronic Paper is highly flexible and it is able to be twisted or
bended into different curvatures. The Electronic Paper can be
applied to different shapes of products, without being limited to
being bonded to flat display panels.
• They are completely reflective requiring no backlight.
• They are inherently bi-stable for extended periods of time.
13. • Simple Manufacturing Process
The manufacturing process is carried out using a roll- to-roll
method, similar to printing paper, by injecting dielectric fluid and
charged particles into the layer of capsules, and then sealing the
top layer. The production is performed continuously at high
speed.
14. Demerits of E-paper
Electronic paper technologies have a very low refresh rate compared
to other low-power display technologies, such as LCD.
An example of this limit is that a document cannot be smoothly
zoomed without either extreme blurring during the transition or
a very slow zoom.
A shadow of an image may be visible after refreshing parts of the
screen. Such shadows are termed "ghost images", and the effect is
termed "ghosting“.
Because of ghosting the entire screen white and black when
loading a new image.
15. Applications
• Wristwatches
• e-Book reader
eg: Amazon kindle.
• Electronic Shelf Label
In a large department store or
supermarket, e-paper can be used for
labelling the shelves and
price
tagging.
Smart Card Display
Some credit cards contain a smart card to
store information such as accumulated
credit and money expenses etc.
Mobile phones
E-Newspaper
Time Table at Stations
17. Conclusion
Electronic ink is not intended to diminish or do away with traditional
displays. Instead electronic ink will initially co-exist with traditional paper
and other display technologies. In the long run, electronic ink may have
a multibillion-dollar impact on the publishing industry.
Ultimately electronic ink will permit almost any surface to become a
display, bringing information out of the confines of traditional devices
and into the world around us.
18. References
Flexible and Roll-able Displays/Electronic Paper A Brief
Technology Overview Rong-Chang (R.C.) Liang
Paper Electronics and Electronic Paper
by Magnus Berggren*'**, Thomas Kugler*'**, Tommi Remonen*, David
Nilsson**,Miaoxiang
Chen**, Petronella Norberg"*The Research Institute ACRE0 AB, Bredgatan 34, SE-602 21
Norrkoping, Sweden **Organic Electronics Group, Campus Norrkoping, SE-601 74, Sweden
E-paper: Clarifying future R&D needs by a fundamental understanding
of the maximum performance of current technologies
Author(s): Heikenfeld, J.
Novel Devices Lab., Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_paper
http://spectrum.ieee.org/consumer-electronics/portabledevices/lighter-brighter-displays
Image taken from: http://www.eink.com/technology.html
http://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B007RF5F0Q/ref=famstripe_kp3