The document outlines the fundamentals and history of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), highlighting their construction, types, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses their applications in various devices like TVs, smartphones, and flexible screens, as well as the challenges in manufacturing and longevity. Future prospects for OLED technology include improving efficiency and lifespan, while also exploring innovative applications such as curved displays and data glasses.

1. O.L.E.D (Organic Light Emitting Diode) Presented by: Harsh Veer Singh Nirwan 8 th -sem ECE ☺ ☺

2. What is an OLED ? OLED - O rganic L ight E mitting D iode An OLED is a light emitting diode (LED) which emissive electroluminescent layer is composed of a film of organic compounds.

3. HISTORY First developed in the early 1950s in France. 1960s-AC-driven electroluminescent cells using doped anthracene was developed. In 1987 Chin Tang and Van Slyke introduced the first light emitting diodes from thin organic layers. In1990 electroluminescence in polymers was discovered.

4. ARCHITECTURE OF OLED SUBSTRATE. ANODE ORGANIC LAYER: 1-Conductive layer 2-Emmisive layer CATHODE.

5. TYPES OF OLED Passive OLEDs The organic layer is between cathode & anode run perpendicular. The intersections form the pixels. Easy to make. Use more power. Best for small screens.

6. Active OLEDs Full layers of cathode and anode. Anode over lays a thin film transistor (TFT). Requires less power. Higher refresh rates. Suitable for large screens

7. APPLICATION OF OLED Televisions SONY LG transparent TV Cell Phone screens Wrist Watch Computer Screens Laptops Desktops Bendable Devices Portable Device displays Philips Go Gear MP3 Player

8. ADVANTAGES Faster response time than LCDs Consume significantly less energy Can be transparent when off Flexible and Conformal Displays Thinner display-No backlight required Better contrast ratio Safer for the environment Wider viewing angles ; up to 170 degrees OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs Low cost materials and fabrication method Less Expensive than LCD due to lesser components Can be made using plastic screens; LCDs require glass backing

9. DISADVANTAGES OLED seems to be the perfect technology for all types of displays, but it also has some problems: Lifetime - While red and green OLED films have longer lifetimes (46,000 to 230,000 hours), blue organics currently have much shorter lifetimes (up to around 14,000 hours) Manufacturing - Currently, manufacturing is more expensive than LCDs Water - Water can easily damage OLEDs OLED screens are even worse than LCD in direct sunlight Overall luminance degradation Limited market availability

10. FUTURE USES FOR OLED Manufacturers focusing on finding a cheap way to produce. " Roll-to-Roll " Manufacturing. Increasing efficiency of blue luminance. Boosting overall lifespan

11. FUTURE USES FOR OLED Data glass GPS system OLED – in future cars Curved OLED displays, placed on non-flat surfaces And many more we cannot even imagine today Scroll Laptop Nokia concept OLED Laptop

13. THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE ☺ ☺

14. Electroluminescence (EL) is an optical phenomenon and electrical phenomenon in which a material emits light in response to an electric current passed through it, or to a strong electric field

15. A pixel (or picture element) is the smallest item of information in an image

16. A thin-film transistor ( TFT ) is a special kind of field-effect transistor made by depositing thin films of a semiconductor active layer.

17. The refresh rate is the number of times in a second that display hardware draws the data it is being given

18. SONY XEL-1 The SONY XEL-1 released in December 2007 for customers in Japan. 200,000 Yen -- or about $1,700 U.S (Rs 8L+) Released XEL-1 in February 2009.(Worldwide) $2500 USD(Rs 12L+) First OLED TV sold in sold in America. . 11'' screen, 3mm thin Weighs approximately 1.9 kg Wide 178 degree viewing angle 1,000,000:1 Contrast ratio The Sony . 11-inch XEL-1 OLED TV TVs almost as thin as a credit card

19. L.G Flexible OLED LG Display 19-inch OLED Samsung's 40-inch OLED TV

20. ROLL TO ROLL PRINTING The flexible OLED element capable of being produced using roll-to-roll printing technology. The ROLLED project under European researchers coordinated by VTT.

21. FAST RESPONSE TIME OLED LCD Fast response time means full motion graphics can be displayed

22. CONSTANT CONTRAST RATIO Wide viewing angle .

23. SONY PSP2 CONCEPT Oled rollable display . A flexible OLED display that can be rolled around the main electronics core but, when charged, automatically stiffens with minimal bezel surround.

24. BENDABLE OLED DISPLAY Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) technology is threatening the Liquid Crystal Display, or LCD, standard because of its flexibility, low power consumption and versatility.

25. OLED DATA GLASS Developed by Students at the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany A pair of interactive data eyeglasses that can project an image onto the retina from an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) micro- display, making the image appear as if it's a meter in front of the wearer. Similar headwear only throws up a static image, Just the movement of the eyeball, to scroll through information.

26. IN DIRECT SUNLIGHT Nokia N00 OLED Display Apple iPHONE LCD Display

28. WRIST WATCH