This document provides an overview of organic compounds and hydrocarbons. It discusses: 1) Carbon forms many compounds and is the main element in living things. The simplest hydrocarbon is methane, containing only carbon and hydrogen. 2) Saturated hydrocarbons, also called alkanes, contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. Common examples like ethane have low boiling points, making them useful as fuels. 3) Unsaturated hydrocarbons, also called alkenes and alkynes, contain double or triple bonds between carbons and are not fully saturated with hydrogen. Ethene and ethyne are examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

1. Chapter 4
Section 1


2. Simple
Organic
Compounds

3. Did you know that
the Earth’s crust is
less than 1%
carbon, but...ALL
living things on
Earth are made of
carbon-containing
compounds.

4. Carbon can bond
easily and
therefore, forms
many compounds.
An element that
often bonds with
carbon is
Hydrogen.

5. Organic Compounds?
5

6. many compounds that contain carbon
6

7. Most living things contain carbon.
7

8. Where is the carbon??

9. Hydrocarbons?
9

10. A compound
containing only
hydrogen and carbon.
The simplest
hydrocarbon is
methane.
10

12. If you remove one hydrogen from a
methane molecule, the result will be a
methyl group, -CH3.
12

14. The methyl group
can form a single
bond with another
methyl group, which
makes.....
14

15. ....Ethane

16. Saturated Hydrocarbons?
16

17. A hydrocarbon molecule
in which all the bonds
are single bonds.
17

18. But what are the
saturated with?
18

19. But what are the
saturated with?
Hydrogen!!
The carbon atoms are
saturated with hydrogen.
19

20. Saturated Hydrocarbons

22. Notice that the ending of each
name are -ane.
Another name for these
hydrocarbons are called
alkanes.

23. 22

24. •These short hydrocarbon chains have low
boiling points, so they evaporate and burn
easily.
22

25. •These short hydrocarbon chains have low
boiling points, so they evaporate and burn
easily.
•That makes them a good fuel for your
stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns.
22

26. •These short hydrocarbon chains have low
boiling points, so they evaporate and burn
easily.
•That makes them a good fuel for your
stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns.
•Longer hydrocarbons are found in oils and
waxes.
22

27. •These short hydrocarbon chains have low
boiling points, so they evaporate and burn
easily.
•That makes them a good fuel for your
stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns.
•Longer hydrocarbons are found in oils and
waxes.
•Carbon can form chains of 100s or 1000s
of carbon atoms. WOW!
22

28. •These short hydrocarbon chains have low
boiling points, so they evaporate and burn
easily.
•That makes them a good fuel for your
stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns.
•Longer hydrocarbons are found in oils and
waxes.
•Carbon can form chains of 100s or 1000s
of carbon atoms. WOW!
•These long chains make up many of the
plastics that you use.
22

29. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons?
23

30. Hydrocarbons that contain
double or triple bonds.
The carbon are not
saturated with hydrogens.
24

31. In a double bond, two pairs
of electrons are shared
between two atoms, and in
a triple bond, 3 pairs of
electrons are shared.
25

32. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons?
Ethene is the simplest hydrocarbon.

34. Notice that the endings are -ene. These
unsaturated hydrocarbons are also called
alkenes.

35. Unsaturated hydrocarbons can also
have triple bonds.
Ethyne is used for welding because it
produces high heat as it burns.
The unsaturated hydrocarbons are called
alkynes.

36. Isomers?
29

37. Compounds that have the molecular
formula but different arrangements are
called isomers.
30

38. The atoms in an organic compounds can
have different arrangements but still have
the same molecular formula.
31

39. Hydrocarbon Isomers

40. Hydrocarbon in Rings
Notice the prefix cyclo-.

41. Hydrocarbon in Rings

42. Turn to Page 101
35

43. Fin
ish
ed