Carbon compounds can be organic or inorganic. Organic compounds contain carbon and are found in living things, while inorganic compounds do not come from living things. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made of only carbon and hydrogen, such as methane and petrol. Fats are also organic compounds that can be saturated or unsaturated, with saturated fats like palm oil and butter being solid at room temperature. Ethanol is produced through fermentation of glucose by yeast.

2. CHAPTER 4
Carbon Compounds

3. 4.1
Carbon Compounds

4. What are carbon
compounds?
Compounds that contains
carbon atoms combine with
other elements such as hydrogen
and oxygen

5. Carbon compounds
Organic compounds Inorganic compounds
From living things Not from living
things
Examples
• sugar
• protein
• starch
Examples
• Carbon dioxide
• Sodium carbonate
• Chalk

6. Differences Between
Organic and Inorganic Compounds
Living things Sources Non living things
CHO
Non-metallic
Elements
Metallic/
Non-metallic
CO M
Metallic/
Non-metallic
CombustibilityCan burn
Cannot burn
Organic
Compounds
Inorganic
Compounds

7. Hydrocarbon
What are hydrocarbons?
CarbonHydrogen
Compounds which consists
of only carbon and hydrogen
atoms only

8. Examples
Methane, CH4 Petrol
Is glucose, C6H12O6
a hydrocarbon?
Why?

9. Sources of Hydrocarbonns
Petroleum
Natural gas
Coal

10. 4.2 Alcohol

11. Is alcohol an
organic
compound?
Why?

12. Alcohols
Organic compounds
Contain CHO
Examples
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol

13. The Production of Ethanol
glucose + yeast → ethanol + Carbon
dioxide
Fermentation

14. Fractional
Distillation

15. Properties
of Alcohol
÷
Colourless
liquid
Soluble in water/
miscible in water
Low
boiling point
Burn with a blue
flame
Reacts with organic acid
to form ester

16. ethanol + Organi
c acid
→ ester + water
Esterification
Concentrated sulphuric acid
Sweet smell

17. Uses of Alcohols
fuels solvents
alcoholic
drinks
esters
disinfectants cosmetics

18. 4.3 Fats

19. Fats
• Essential food class
• Contain CHO
• Organic compounds
• From plants or animals
Palm oil
Peanut oil
meat
butter

20. Animals Plants

21. Fats
Saturated fats Unsaturated fats

22. Differences Between Saturated and
Unsaturated Fats
Animals Sources Plants
Solid
higher
State at room
temperature
Melting Point
liquid
lower
Cholesterol /
LDLhigher
lower
Type of carbon
bondsSingle bonds
With double
bonds

23. Effects of consuming excessive fats
• Obesity
• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Heart attacks
• strokes

24. Classify
Saturated
fats
Unsaturated
fats
palm oil
peanut
butter olive corn
cheesecream
coconut oil

25. endocarp
÷
Mesocarp
Kernel

26. Extraction of Palm Oil
Sterilisation Stripping /
separation
Crushing /
Digestion
Extraction Filtration Purification

27. Uses of Palm Oil
Edible Uses Inedible Uses
• Cooking oil
• Margarine
• Ice cream
• Coffee creamer
• chocolate
• Soap
• Candles
• Cosmetics
• Printing ink
• fuels

28. The Production of Soap
Oil + alkali → soap + glycero
l
Saponofication

30. 1 Which of the following
substances does not contain the
element of carbon?
A sugar
B proteins
C common salt
D cotton

31. 2 Which pair is correct?
Organic
Compounds
Inorganic
compounds
A Calcium carbonate protein
B Milk rice
C Carbon dioxide Baking soda
D Palm oil marble

32. 3 Examples of inorganic
compounds are
I paper
II sodium carbonate
III chalk
A I only
B I and II
C II and III
D I, II and III

33. 4 Which of the following elements
are present in hydrocarbons?
A carbon and oxygen
B carbon and hydrogen
C hydrogen and halogens
D carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

34. 5. Which of the following is the
property of ethanol?
A It burns with a blue flame
B It is insoluble in water
C It has high boiling point
D It reacts with alkali to produce
ester

35. 6. Ethanol + Organic acid → X + water
What is X?
A alcohol
B soap
C ester
D yeast

36. 7. The following information shows
the uses of substance Y. What is Y?
•Candle
•Margarine
•Body lotion
A starch B palm oil
B petroleum D alcohol

37. 8. The following equation show the
process of
glucose + yeast→ ethanol + carbon dioxide
A saponification
B fermentation
C esterification
D combustion

38. 9. Which of the following is true
about unsaturated fat?
A derived from animals
B High cholesterol content
C liquid at room temperature
D caused blockage of arteries

39. 10. Which part A, B, C and D
contains the most oil?
A
÷
B
D
C