1. The document discusses several organic compounds including their molecular formulas, structures, and common uses. Carbon compounds like alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are discussed in terms of their bonding and properties. 2. Examples of uses mentioned include gasoline and ethanol as fuels, acetone as a solvent and in plastics/chemicals production, and formaldehyde as a building material and in household products. 3. The structures of hydrocarbons like alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are related to their bonding and properties, with saturated hydrocarbons containing only single bonds and unsaturated ones containing double or triple bonds.

1. 1.CONEEAT
2.IEAGSOLN
3.OPISROYL OHCOALL
4.CEACTI DIAC
ACETONE
GASOLINE
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
ACETIC ACID

2. Carbon Compounds

3. Objectives:
• Explain how the structure of the carbon atom affects the
type of bonds it forms
• Recognize the general classes and uses of organic
compounds

4. Brainstorming (by group) 15
minutes
I. Complete the table about the uses of the compounds.
Using a check mark, indicate the uses of the compounds.
You may have more than one check mark per sample
depending on its use/s.
gasoline ethanol acetone LPG kerosene Acetic
acid
U beverage
S food
E antiseptic
S fuel
cleaner
O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S

5. Brainstorming (by group)
II. List the uses of these compounds.
Compound Specific Use
1. Gasoline
2. Kerosene
3. Liquefied Petroleum Gas
4.Ethanol
5. Acetone
6. Acetic Acid

6. Carbon or Organic compounds
•Organic compounds are group of compounds that
contain the element carbon.
•Some carbon compounds are produced by plants
and animals. However, these carbon-containing
compounds can also be produced artificially.
•

7. Properties of Organic
compounds
1. Phase of matter
2.Viscosity
3. Volatility
4. Flammability
5. Odor
•

8. • Gasoline – strong odor, volatile, highly flammable
• Lubricating oil - viscous thus used to lubricate parts of
machines, instruments, or appliances such as motor of
electric fan; and protect metals from rusting
• Kerosene and ethyl alcohol. Flammable liquids such as
kerosene is used as fuel for lamps (gasera) and portable
stove (kusinilya). Although ethyl alcohol is also
flammable, it is not used as fuel for stoves or lamps only.
It is also used as a component of biofuels for vehicles, as
an ingredient for liquors, and as a disinfectant.

9. recall
• How do atoms of non-metal elements form their
compounds?
By bonding through sharing of electrons with other elements or
with same elements
What type of bonds do nonmetals form in
compounds?
Single bond, double bond, triple bond

10. TERMINOLOGIES
• Structural formula is a formula for a molecular
compound that indicates the atoms present and the
bonding sequence of the atoms. The covalent bonds
between atoms are conveyed as lines connecting the
symbols of the bonded atoms. This formula gives a
clear illustration about the structure of a compound.
• Condensed Formula is a formula for a molecular
compound that indicates the bonding sequence
without showing all the bonds. It should be clear that
the carbon atoms are bonded together in sequence,
and each carbon is bonded to the hydrogen atoms
next to the formula.
• Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid
evaporates or becomes vapor

11. Hydrocarbons
•Hydrocarbon – compound that contains
only the elements carbon and hydrogen
• Hydrocarbons mix poorly with water
• All hydrocarbons are flammable; CH4 (methane), C2H6 (ethane), C3H8
(propane)

12. • Carbon atoms can form single, double or
triple bonds with other carbon atoms.
• Carbon can form up to 4 bonds
• This allows carbon atoms to form long
chains, almost unlimited in length.
• Carbon can bond with other carbons, form
straight chains, branched chains and rings

13. • Hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane and butane are
components of natural gas.
• Hydrocarbons are grouped into families namely, alkanes,
alkenes and alkynes.
Hydrocarbons

14. GROUP ACTIVITY
• Objectives:
• Recognize common kinds of alkanes, alkenes, and
alkynes and their uses.
• Identify the types of bonds formed in alkanes, alkenes,
and alkynes.
• Relate the structures of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes to
their properties.

15. pp. 161-163 LM

16. Guide Questions
What are the types of bonds present in the following:
alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?What pattern do you
observe in terms of the phase, number of carbon atoms,
structure and boiling point of the alkanes, alkenes, and
alkynes?

17. Common group of hydrocarbons

18. Structure of Hydrocarbons
• Saturated hydrocarbons – only single bonds, has maximum
number a hydrogen atoms attached
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons – has double or triple bonds, have
fewer hydrogen than saturated hydrocarbons

19. • Methane gas – most
common hydrocarbon
-fuel for cigarette lighters and
LPG
• Butane gas- also used as fuel
Blue flame in cigarette lighter
Ethyne gas (acetylene)– for
hastening the ripening of
fruits
Used in flame torch
• Octane and pentene
– components of gasoline
-Common liquid hydrocarbons

20. Using calcium carbide (kalburo) makes the ripening of bananas faster than
without using calcium carbide. This is because when calcium carbide
(kalburo) reacts with the moisture in the air, acetylene gas is produced.
Acetylene gas is the compound that makes the ripening of the fruits becomes
faster. Acetylene imitates the action of the natural ripening agent called
ethene or ethylene (C2H4). Ethene or ethylene is a plant hormone that
regulates activity of the genes that are responsible for the ripening of fruits.

21. ALCOHOLS
Alcohols are another group of organic compounds.
Some alcohols are used as antiseptic or
disinfectant,some are used as cleaning agents, others
are used as components of liquors and a few alcohols
are used as fuel for portable stoves or other types of
burners.

22. • Alcohols have hydroxyl group (-OH)

23. Acetone and formaldehyde
Simple carbonyl compounds which is composed of a
carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom:
C=O.

24. Acetone
• Molecular FormulaC3H6O
or CH3-CO-CH3 or CH3COCH3
• It is also called dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, and beta-
ketopropane.
• Acetone is used to make plastic, fibers, drugs, and other
chemicals. It is also used to dissolve other substances. It
occurs naturally in plants, trees, volcanic gases, forest
fires, and as a product of the breakdown of body fat.
• It is present in vehicle exhaust, tobacco smoke, and
landfill sites. Industrial processes contribute more
acetone to the environment than natural processes.

25. FORMALDEHYDE
• Molecular Formula CH2O
• Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable, strong-smelling chemical
that is used in building materials and to produce many household
products. It is used in pressed-wood products, such as particleboard,
plywood, and fiberboard; glues and adhesives; permanent-press
fabrics; paper product coatings; and certain insulation materials.
• commonly used as an industrial fungicide, germicide,
and disinfectant, and as a preservative in mortuaries and medical
laboratories.
• occurs naturally in the environment.

26. ASSESSMENT