The document discusses Lewis dot structures, which use dots to represent valence electrons around an atomic symbol. It explains that ions have Lewis dot diagrams with fewer (for cations) or more (for anions) dots than the corresponding atom due to gaining or losing electrons. The document provides examples of Lewis dot diagrams for various ions, such as Ca2+ and O2-. It also includes practice problems asking students to draw Lewis dot diagrams for additional ions.
It is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the lesson or topic: Percentage Composition. It also talks about the definition, concepts and examples about the Percentage Composition.
Chemical bonds- Properties of Ionic and Covalent compoundsSyed Amirul Aiman
This slide was used in the microteaching practice conducted by Dr. Denis Andrew D. Lajium for Teaching Method I (Chemistry) - TK30103.
all right reserve.
This lesson will help you know how atoms of each element are arranged in an orbital and where atoms are exactly located that give distinct characteristics to the element.
It is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the lesson or topic: Percentage Composition. It also talks about the definition, concepts and examples about the Percentage Composition.
Chemical bonds- Properties of Ionic and Covalent compoundsSyed Amirul Aiman
This slide was used in the microteaching practice conducted by Dr. Denis Andrew D. Lajium for Teaching Method I (Chemistry) - TK30103.
all right reserve.
This lesson will help you know how atoms of each element are arranged in an orbital and where atoms are exactly located that give distinct characteristics to the element.
Lesson 8Chemical Bonding & NomenclatureYou should view all.docxsmile790243
Lesson 8
Chemical Bonding & Nomenclature
You should view all lectures as a slide show. In the toolbar above, click “Slide Show” and “From Beginning” to start. Hit the space bar to forward to next slide or item.
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*Read: Watch the Lecture as a slideshow, hit the space bar to move forward or just left click.
1
Topics:
Chemical Bonds
Lewis Dot Structures
Molecular Geometry
Polar Bonds
Naming Compounds
Writing Chemical Formulas
Naming Molecular Compounds
Lesson 8: Chemical Bonding and Nomenclature
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Chemical Bonds
Sodium (Na) is a silver-colored metal that reacts so
violently with water that flames are produced when sodium
gets wet.
Chlorine (Cl) is a greenish-colored gas that is so poisonous that it was used as a weapon in World War I.
When the electrons of sodium metal and chlorine gas interact, the compound sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed, which is table salt.
Since the body is over 90% water, ingesting sodium metal would literally set someone on fire!
If we make a compound out of Na, we can make something totally different such as the table salt used to season our food.
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Chemical Bonds
Atoms can interact with each other to form new substances called
compounds.
Compounds are formed when electrons in an atom’s last energy level interact and form chemical bonds. A chemical bond is an attractive force between atoms that holds them together.
An atom’s outermost energy level of electrons is called the valence shell (or valence level) and the electrons in the valence shell are called valence electrons.
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Na Atom
Cl Atom
Sodium has 1 valence electron in the valence shell.
Chlorine has 7 valence electron in the valence shell.
Chemical Bonds
In ionic bonds, metals always lose electrons to nonmetals and become positive (or cations).
In ionic bonds, nonmetals always attract electrons from metals and become negative (anions).
Ionic compounds are neutral compounds made up of cations and anions.
Covalent bonds are formed between nonmetals and electrons are shared so no ions are formed.
Cl
nonmetal
Na
metal
O
nonmetal
O
nonmetal
Metal + Nonmetal = Ionic Compound
Nonmetal + Nonmetal = Covalent Compound
Chemical Bonds: Ionic
The octet rule states that atoms will gain, lose, or share
valence electrons in a way that will give each atom eight electrons in their valence shell.
Na has 1 electron in its valence shell and Cl has 7 electrons in its valence shell. Cl needs 1 valence electron to have 8 in its outer shell.
If Na transfers its 1 valence electron to Cl, Na’s second energy level becomes the valence shell, which already has 8 electrons.
Now, Na has a positive 1 charge and Cl has a negative 1 charge. But, the charge on NaCl is zero (the charges cancel each other out).
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Na Atom
Cl Atom
Ionic Bond
Chemical Bonds: Ionic
An Ionic bond is formed when there is a transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal. Compounds formed by ionic bonds are ...
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Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Lewis Dot Structure
1. AIM: How to write Lewis
Dot Structures (Electron
Dot Structures)
DO NOW:
1. READ BOTH SIDES OF THE HANDOUT.
2. WRITE THE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION (ORBITAL NOTATION)
OF PHOSPHORUS ATOM, AND PHOSPHORUS ION.
3. DRAW THE LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE FOR THE ATOM AND THE
ION.
2. Valence Electrons
Valence Electrons are the electrons in
the highest occupied energy level of
an atom
You can tell the number of valence
electrons from the group number
3. Octet Rule
Octet rule says that atoms like to have
full outer shells of only eight electrons.
Atoms will lose or gain valence
electrons to make their outer shells full
with eight electrons, and they do this
by bonding with other atoms.
4. Lewis Dot Structure (Electron Dot
Structure)
A Lewis dot structure is a quick and
easy diagram that shows the valence
electrons in an element. In a Lewis
structure, the nucleus of the element is
represented by its symbol. The valence
electrons are represented by dots placed
around the symbol in pairs.
5. Rule #1. No side can have
more than two dots because
each orbital can only hold
two electrons.
Rule #2. When filling the
sides of the element symbol
each side gets one dot
before doubling up.
Exceptions are hydrogen
helium.
10. What is the Lewis electron dot diagram
for each ion?
Ca2+
O2−
11. Solution
Having lost its two original valence electrons, the
Lewis electron dot diagram is just Ca2+.
Ca2+
The O2- ion has gained two electrons in its valence
shell, so its Lewis electron dot diagram is as follows:
12. SUMMARY
Lewis electron dot diagrams use dots to
represent valence electrons around an atomic
symbol.
Lewis electron dot diagrams for ions have less
(for cations) or more (for anions) dots than the
corresponding atom.
13. PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each
element.
bromine
gallium
2. Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each
ion.
Mg2+
S2−
14. State the number of valence electrons
and draw the Lewis Structure of the
following ion:
1. P 6. C+2
2. O+2 7. Zn +2
3. Ba 8. W+6
4.At 9. Cu+1
5. Ba+2 10. F-1
