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Excretory system
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- 3. TheExcretorySystem • Your body doesnot use all the food that you take in. • The unused food parts are waste products. • These wastes are processed by the excretory system. • The excretory system collects and eliminates wastes from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body.
- 4. FunctionsoftheExcretorySystem • The digestive systemcollects waste products in the intestines. • The circulatory system collects waste products in the blood. Collection and Elimination
- 5. FunctionsoftheExcretorySystem • When the trashcans in your home are full of waste, you must take the trash outside. The waste in your body also must be removed. • Waste that is not removed, or eliminated, from your body can become toxic, or poisonous, and damage your organs. Collection and Elimination
- 6. FunctionsoftheExcretorySystem • The excretory systemalso regulates the level of fluids in the body. • Recall that water is an essential nutrient for your body. Some of the water in your body is lost when waste is eliminated. Regulation of LIquids
- 7. FunctionsoftheExcretorySystem • The excretory systemcontrols how much water leaves the body through elimination. This ensures that neither too much nor too little water is lost. Regulation of LIquids
- 8. TypesofExcretion • Your body excretes,or eliminates, different substances from different body systems. • The excretory system is made of four body systems.
- 9. TypesofExcretion Digestive System collects andremoves undigested solids from the foods you eat Urinary System processes, transports, collects, & removes liquid wastes from body Respriatory System removes carbon dioxide & water vapor from the body secretes excess salt and water from the body through sweat glands Integementary System
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- 11. OrgansofExcretorySystem • The urinary systemprocesses, stores, and removes liquid wastes from the body. It helps maintain homeostasis.
- 12. OrgansofExcretorySystem The organs ofthe urinary system include: two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, and the urethra.
- 13. OrgansofExcretorySystem • These organs work togetherto process, transport, collect, and excrete liquid wastes. • Most functions of the urinary system occur in the kidneys.
- 15. Kidneys • The bean-shaped organthat filters, or removes, wastes from blood is the kidney. • You have two kidneys, one on each side of your body. • They are near the back wall of your abdomen, above your waist, and below your rib cage.
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- 17. • Each kidney isabout the size of your fist. • Kidneys are dark red in color because of the large amount of blood that passes through them. Kidneys
- 18. • The kidneys haveseveral functions. • Here we focus on the role of the kidneys in the urinary system. But the kidneys have other important functions. • They produce hormones that stimulate the production of red blood cells. • They also control blood pressure and help control calcium levels in the body. Kidney Function Kidneys
- 19. Kidneys • The kidneys containblood vessels and nephrons. • Nephrons are networks of capillaries and small tubes, or tubules, where filtration of blood occurs. • Each kidney contains about one million nephrons. Nephrons
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- 21. • Blood contains wasteproducts, salts, and sometimes toxins from cells that need to be removed from the body. • As blood passes through the kidneys, they filter these products from the blood. • When blood is filtered, a fluid called urine is produced. • The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine in two stages. Urine Kidneys
- 22. • Blood is constantlycirculating and filtering through the kidneys. • In one day, the kidneys filter about 180 L of blood plasma, or the liquid part of blood. That is enough liquid to fill ninety 2-L bottles. • You have about 3 L of blood plasma in your body. This means that your kidneys filter your entire blood supply about 60 times each day. First Filtration Kidneys
- 23. • The first filtration occursin the nephrons. • There, groups of capillaries filter water, sugar, salts, and wastes out of the blood. First Filtration Kidneys
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- 26. • What would happenif all of the liquid from the first filtration were excreted? • Your body would quickly dehydrate, and important nutrients would be lost. • To regain some of this water, the kidneys filter the liquid collected in the first filtration again. Second Filtration Kidneys
- 27. Second Filtration Kidneys • The second filtrationoccurs in small tubes in the nephrons.
- 28. • During the secondfiltration, up to 99 percent of the water and nutrients from the first filtration are separated out and reabsorbed into the blood. • The remaining liquid and waste products form urine. • On average, an adult excretes about 1.5 L of urine per day. Second Filtration Kidneys
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- 31. • Urine leaves each kidneythrough a tube called the ureter. • Each of your kidneys has a ureter. • Both ureters drain into your bladder. TheUreters,BladderandUrethra
- 32. • The bladder isa muscular sac that holds urine until the urine is excreted. • Your bladder expands and contracts like a balloon when it fills or empties. TheUreters,BladderandUrethra
- 33. • An adult bladdercan hold about 0.5 L of urine. TheUreters,BladderandUrethra
- 34. • Urine leaves the bladderthrough a tube called the urethra. • The urethra contains circular muscles called sphincters that control the release of urine. TheUreters,BladderandUrethra
- 35. • The nephrons aredamaged and the ability of the kidneys to filter blood is reduced. • In the beginning stages, there might not be symptoms. • Possible causes: diabetes, high blood pressure, poisons, trauma UrinaryDisorders Kidney Disease
- 36. • Infections usually occurin the bladder or urethra but can be in the kidneys and ureters. • Symptoms might include burning during urination, small and frequent urination, and blood in urine. • Possible causes: bacteria in the urinary system UrinaryDisorders Urinary Tract InFection
- 37. • Kidney stones aresolid substances that form in the kidneys. • The most common type is made of calcium. • Stones that pass through the urinary system can be very painful. • Possible causes: calcium buildup in the kidneys UrinaryDisorders Kidney Stones
- 38. • Urine is releasedfrom the bladder involuntarily. • These problems occur in women more often than in men. • Possible causes: urinary tract infections, muscle weakness, prostate enlargement UrinaryDisorders Bladder Control Problems
- 39. • The excretory systemfilters wastes from the blood. • The blood is part of the circulatory system. A buildup of wastes in the circulatory system would be toxic to your body. TheExcretorySystemandHomeostasis
- 40. • Homeostasis is alsomaintained by the removal of wastes from the digestive system. • Wastes would damage your body if the excretory system did not remove them from the digestive system. TheExcretorySystemandHomeostasis
- 41. • The excretory systemalso interacts with the nervous system. • The hypothalamus is an area of the brain that helps to maintain homeostasis. TheExcretorySystemandHomeostasis
- 42. • One function ofthe hypothalamus is to control the secretion of some hormones. • One hormone causes the tubules of the kidneys to absorb more water from the blood. • This helps the body control fluid levels. Water is kept in the blood instead of being excreted in the urine. TheExcretorySystemandHomeostasis
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- 44. TheExcretorySystemandHomeostasis Hypothalamus How much fluidis in this body?
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- 46. TheExcretorySystemandHomeostasis Hypothalamus Too Much!! Hormone • When thereis too much fluid in the body, the hypothalamus send out less hormone which tells the kidneys to… • Return less water to blood • Increase the amount of urine
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- 48. TheExcretorySystemandHomeostasis Hypothalamus Too Much!! Hormone • When thereis not enough fluid in the body, the hypothalamus send out more hormone which tells the kidneys to… • Return more water to your blood (which decreases the amount of urine) Not enough!!