The document provides an overview of scatter diagrams, which visually represent the cause-and-effect relationship between independent (x-axis) and dependent variables (y-axis). It discusses various correlation patterns, including perfect positive, perfect negative, high positive, high negative, and zero correlation, along with the interpretation of correlation values. Additionally, an example shows how to construct a scatter diagram and analyze the correlation between two sets of data.

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Scatter Diagram

2. SEVEN QC TOOLS TRAINING: SCATTER DIAGRAM
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Introduction Scatter diagram is the graphical presentation of cause and effect relationship. Hence it is also called correlation graph of cause and effect. Cause is an independent variable taken on X-Axis while the effect is dependent variable and taken on Y- Axis. Scatter diagram helps in analysis of degree of impact of cause on the effect.

3. SEVEN QC TOOLS TRAINING: SCATTER DIAGRAM
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Scatter diagram study the changes in behavior of effect when change in cause takes place. The data of independent and dependent variables are scattered across the straight line on a graph paper. Scatter diagram shows that how dependent variable behaves when independent variable increases or decreases?

4. SEVEN QC TOOLS TRAINING: SCATTER DIAGRAM
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Different Patterns of Scatter Diagram
Perfect Positive Correlation Graph
When indpendent variable increases dependent varible also increases, all data points are on staright line.
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5. SEVEN QC TOOLS TRAINING: SCATTER DIAGRAM
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Perfect Negative Correlation Graph
When independent variable increases dependent variable decreases, all data points are on a straight line.
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6. SEVEN QC TOOLS TRAINING: SCATTER DIAGRAM
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High Degree of Positive Correlation
Dependent variable increases with independent varible but all data points scatter around the straight line.
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7. SEVEN QC TOOLS TRAINING: SCATTER DIAGRAM
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High Degree of Negative Correlation
Dependent variable decreases with increase in independent variable and all data points scatter around the straight line.
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Zero Correlation
Data points scattered all over the graph, No pattern of data points, There is no correlation.
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Algebraic Value Of Correlation
The value of degree of correlation between two variable X and Y is given as ̅ ̅ √ ̅ ̅

10. SEVEN QC TOOLS TRAINING: SCATTER DIAGRAM
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Interpretation of ‘r’

11. SEVEN QC TOOLS TRAINING: SCATTER DIAGRAM
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Example Problem
X=10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
Y=25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150
Construct the scatter diagram and analyse the degree of correlation between X and Y.

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Solution
The scatter diagram formed shows that X and Y has perfect positive correlation.
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Scatter Diagram

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Contact
Narender Sharma
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Email: shakehandwithlife@gmail.com | narender@shakehandwithlife.in