1. The document discusses statistical quality control (SQC) and how it can be divided into descriptive statistics, statistical process control (SPC), and acceptance sampling. SPC involves inspecting random samples from a process to determine if the process is producing products within predetermined ranges.
2. The document explains the differences between controlled and uncontrolled variation. Controlled variation results from normal process factors while uncontrolled variation is due to special causes that need to be addressed. Control charts are used to visually identify points and processes that are out of control.
3. Different types of control charts (variable and attribute charts) are discussed for monitoring both continuous measurements and discrete attributes of a process. The document provides an example of an X-bar
Control is a system for measuring and checking or inspecting a phenomenon. It suggests when to inspect, how often to inspect and how much to inspect. Control ascertains quality characteristics of an item, compares the same with prescribed quality characteristics of an item, compares the same with prescribed quality standards and separates defective item from non-defective ones.
Statistical Quality Control (SQC) is the term used to describe the set of statistical tools used by quality professionals.
SQC is used to analyze the quality problems and solve them. Statistical quality control refers to the use of statistical methods in the monitoring and maintaining of the quality of products and services.
Variation in manufactured products is inevitable; it is a fact of nature and industrial life. Even when a production process is well designed or carefully maintained, no two products are identical.
The difference between any two products could be very large, moderate, very small or even undetectable depending on the sources of variation.
For example, the weight of a particular model of automobile varies from unit to unit, the weight of packets of milk may differ very slightly from each other, and the length of refills of ball pens, the diameter of cricket balls may also be different and so on.
The existence of variation in products affects quality. So the aim of SQC is to trace the sources of such variation and try to eliminate them as far as possible.
Control is a system for measuring and checking or inspecting a phenomenon. It suggests when to inspect, how often to inspect and how much to inspect. Control ascertains quality characteristics of an item, compares the same with prescribed quality characteristics of an item, compares the same with prescribed quality standards and separates defective item from non-defective ones.
Statistical Quality Control (SQC) is the term used to describe the set of statistical tools used by quality professionals.
SQC is used to analyze the quality problems and solve them. Statistical quality control refers to the use of statistical methods in the monitoring and maintaining of the quality of products and services.
Variation in manufactured products is inevitable; it is a fact of nature and industrial life. Even when a production process is well designed or carefully maintained, no two products are identical.
The difference between any two products could be very large, moderate, very small or even undetectable depending on the sources of variation.
For example, the weight of a particular model of automobile varies from unit to unit, the weight of packets of milk may differ very slightly from each other, and the length of refills of ball pens, the diameter of cricket balls may also be different and so on.
The existence of variation in products affects quality. So the aim of SQC is to trace the sources of such variation and try to eliminate them as far as possible.
The presentation is about basic statistical techniques and how statistics can be used effectively in the quality control and process control. It also presents statistical package Minitab version 16 and some of its applications in the field of statistical process control.
The presentation is about basic statistical techniques and how statistics can be used effectively in the quality control and process control. It also presents statistical package Minitab version 16 and some of its applications in the field of statistical process control.
Training Module including 116 slides and 6 exercises covering Introduction to Statistical Process Control, The Histogram, Measure of Location and Variability, Process Control Charts, Process Control Limits, Out-of-Control Criteria, Sample Size and Frequency, and Out-of-Control Action Plan.
Seven tools of quality control.slideshareraiaryan448
7 tools of quality control help identify potential problem root cause and then target them for improvements and process optimization. These are widely used in all kind of manufacturing industries along with service industry as well.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
2. Statistical Quality Control
(SCQ)
Process
Any activity or set of activities that takes inputs and
create a product. For example: an industrial plant takes
raw materials and creates a finished product.
3. Division of SQC
SQC can be divided into three categories
1- Descriptive statistics
That is used to describe quality
characteristics and their relationship
Includes:
1)- Mean, 2)- SD, 3)- Range, 4)- Measure of
distribution of data
4. Division of SQC
2- Statistical process control (SPC)
Involves inspection of a random sample of an
output of a process and deciding whether
process is producing products within the
predetermined range of characteristics
3- Acceptance sampling
It is a process of randomly inspecting a sample
of a goods and deciding whether to accept or
reject the entire lot based on the results
5. Controlled Variation
The variation that you can never eliminate totally. There
are many small, unobservable chance effects that
influence the outcome.
This kind of variation is said to be "in control" not
because the operator is able to control the factors
absolutely, but rather because the variation is the result
of normal disturbances, called common causes, within
a process.
This type of variation can be predicted. In other words,
given the limitations of the process, these common
causes are controlled to the greatest extent possible.
6. Uncontrolled Variation
Variation that arise at irregular intervals and for which
reasons are outside the normal functioning process,
induced by a special cause.
Special causes include differences between machines,
different skill or concentration levels of workers,
changes in atmospheric conditions, and variation in the
quality of inputs.
Unlike controlled variation, uncontrolled variation can
be reduced by eliminating its special cause.
7. Variations: in short
Controlled variations are
native to the process, resulting from normal
factors called "common causes“
Uncontrolled variations are
the result of "special causes" and need not
be inherent in the process
8. Control Charts
As long as the points remain between the lower and upper
control limits, we assume that the observed variation is
controlled variation and that the process is in control
9.
10.
11. Control Chart
The process is out of control. Both the fourth and the twelfth
observations lie outside of the control limits, leading us to believe that
their values are the result of uncontrolled variation.
12. Control Chart
Even control charts in
which all points lie
between the control limits
might suggest that a
process is out of control.
In particular, the existence
of a pattern in eight or
more consecutive points
indicates a process out of
control, because an
obvious pattern violates
the assumption of random
variability.
13. Control Chart
The first eight
observations are
below the center
line, whereas the
second seven
observations all lie
above the center
line. Because of
prolonged periods
where values are
either small or
large, this process
is out of control.
14. Control Chart
Other types of suspicious patterns may appear in
control charts
Control chart makes it very easy to identify visually
points and processes that are out of control without
using complicated statistical tests
This makes the control chart an ideal tool for the
quick and easy quality control
15. Chart and Hypothesis testing
The idea underlying control charts is closely related to
confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. The
associated null hypothesis is that the process is in
control; you reject this null hypothesis if any point lies
outside the control limits or if any clear pattern appears
in the distribution of the process values.
Another insight from this analogy is that the possibility
of making errors exists, just as errors can occur in
standard hypothesis testing. Occasionally a point that
lies outside the control limits does not have any special
cause but occurs because of normal process variation.
16. Variable and Attribute Charts
Categories of control charts:
that monitor variables and
that monitor attributes.
Variable charts display continuous measurements such as weight,
diameter, thickness, purity and temperature. Its statistical analysis
focuses on the mean values of such measures.
Attribute charts differ from variable charts in that they describe a
feature of the process rather than a continuous variable. Attributes
can be either discrete quantities, such as the number of defects in a
sample, or proportions, such as the percentage of defects per lot.
17. Attribute charts
Often they can be evaluated with a simple
yes or no decision. Examples include colour,
taste, or smell. The monitoring of attributes
usually takes less time than that of variables
because a variable needs to be measured
(e.g., the bottle of soft drink contains 15.9
ounces of liquid).
18. An attribute requires only a single decision, such
as yes or no, good or bad, acceptable or
unacceptable (e.g., the tablet colour is good or
bad) or counting the number of defects (e.g., the
number of broken bottles in the box).
19. Using Subgroups
In order to compare process levels at various points in time, we usually
group individual observations together into subgroups
The purpose of the subgrouping is to create a set of observations in
which the process is relatively stable with controlled variation
For example, if we are measuring the results of a manufacturing
process, we might create a subgroup consisting of values from the
same machine closely spaced in time
A control chart might then answer the question "Do the averages
between the subgroups vary more than the expected?”
20. Mean (X-bar) X −Chart
Each point in the x-chart displays the subgroup average
against the subgroup number: subgroup 2 occurring
after subgroup 1 and before subgroup 3.
As an example, consider a medical store in which the
owner monitors the length of time customers wait to be
served. He decides to calculate the average wait-time in
half-hour increments. The first half-hour (for instance,
customers who were served between 9 a.m. and 9:30
a.m.) forms the first subgroup, and the owner records
the average wait-time during this interval. The second
subgroup covers the time from 9:30 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.,
and so forth.
21. The X −Chart
It is based on the standard normal distribution.
The standard normal distribution underlies the
mean chart, because the Central Limit Theorem
states that the subgroup averages
approximately follow the normal distribution
even when the underlying observations are not
normally distributed.
22. The X −Chart
The applicability of the normal distribution allows the
control limits to be calculated very easily when the
standard deviation of the process is known. 99.74% of
the observations in a normal distribution fall within 3
standard deviations of the mean. In SPC, this means that
points that fall more than 3 standard deviations from the
mean occur only 0.26% of the time. Because this
probability is so small, points outside the control limits
are assumed to be the result of uncontrolled special
causes.
25. Scores Control Chart
94.716
90.878
89.716
Values
84.716
84.17 are in
control
79.716
77.462
74.716
69.716
0 5 10 15 20 25
26. Analysis
No mean score falls outside the control
limits. The lower control limit is 77.462,
the mean subgroups average is 84.17,
and the upper control limit is 90.878.
There is no evident trend to the data or
non-random pattern.
Then, there is no reason to believe the
teaching process is out of control.
27.
28.
29. Control Limits when σ is unknown
In many instances, the value of σ is not known.
The normal distribution does not strictly apply for
analysis when σ is unknown.
When σ is unknown, the control limits are
estimated using the average range of
observations within a subgroup as the measure
of the variability of the process.
30. Control Limits when σ is unknown
The control limits are
R represents the average of the subgroup ranges, and
X is the average of the subgroup averages. A2 is a
correction factor that is used in quality-control charts.
There are many correction factors for different types
of control charts.
31.
32.
33. Range (R) Charts
A control chart that monitors changes in the
dispersion or variability of the process.
The method for developing and using R-
charts is the same as that for x-bar charts.
The center line of the control chart is the
average range, and the upper and lower
control limits are computed as follows:
34.
35.
36.
37. Control charts for attributes
Control charts for attributes are used to measure
quality characteristics that are counted rather than
measured. Attributes are discrete in nature and
require simple yes-or-no decisions. For example, the
proportion of broken bottles or the number leakage
bottles in a carton.
Two of the most common types of control charts for
attributes are
p-charts (proportion charts)
c-charts (count charts)
38. p-charts
P-charts are used to measure the proportion
of items in a sample that are defective. For
example: the proportion of broken ampules in
a batch.
P-charts are appropriate when both the
number of defectives and the size of the total
sample can be counted. Then a proportion
can be computed and used as the statistic of
measurement
39. C-charts
C-charts count the actual number of defects.
For example: we can count the number of
complaints from customers in a month, the
number of bacteria on a petri, number of
spots on a tablet. However, we cannot
compute the proportion of complaints from
customers, the proportion of bacteria on a
petri dish.
40. P-Charts
The computation of the center line as well as the
upper and lower control limits is similar to the
computation for the other kinds of control charts.
The center line is computed as the average
proportion defective in the population. This is
obtained by taking a number of samples of
observations at random and computing the average
value of across all samples.
41. To construct the upper and lower
control limits for a p-chart, we use the
following formulas:
42.
43.
44. C-charts
C-charts are used to monitor the number of
defects per unit. Example: the number of
defective injections per box.
45. The average number of defects is the
center line of the control chart. The
upper and lower control limits are
computed as follows:
46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total
3 2 3 1 3 3 2 1 3 1 3 4 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 44
The average number of defective per
observation is 44/20=2.2 Therefore, C-
bar is 2.2 which is CL
47. Reference
Data Analysis with Excel. Berk & Carey,
Duxbury, 2000, chapter 12, p. 475-488