This document introduces 7 advanced quality tools: affinity diagrams, interrelationship diagrams, tree diagrams, matrix diagrams, matrix data analysis, process decision program charts, and arrow diagrams. It provides examples and step-by-step instructions for how to use each tool to organize ideas, identify relationships, plan processes, analyze data, and schedule projects. The tools can be used individually or together to improve quality, eliminate errors, effectively plan and prioritize tasks, and get things right the first time.

1. ADVANCED QUALITY
TOOLS
By / Mahmoud Shaqria
‫شقريه‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫محمود‬

2. THE SEVEN NEW
QUALITY TOOLS
1. Affinity Diagrams
2. Interrelationship Diagrams
3. Tree Diagrams
4. Matrix Diagrams
5. Matrix Data Analysis
6. Process Decision Program Charts
7. Arrow Diagrams

3. IMPORTANCE OF ADVANCED
QUALITY TOOLS
• Organize verbal order
• Generate ideas
• Improve planning
• Eliminate errors and omissions
• Explain problems intelligibly
• Secure full cooperation
• Assess situation from various angles

4. • Clarify the desired
situation
• Prioritize tasks effectively
• Proceed systematically
• Anticipate future events
• Change proactively
• Get things right the first
time

5. RELATIONS TO “OLD”
TOOLS
Similarities:
Both are graphics rather than language
based
 Whole first, then elements analyzed
 Universal understanding (pictures)
Differences:
New tools are more relational and network
oriented
New tools may take more practice to
develop proficiency
They can and should be used
together

6. AFFINITY DIAGRAMS
Organizes a large amount of verbal data related to a
broad problem or subject
Ideas, opinions, facts
Usage example: Establishing a new QC policy
Steps:
1.Select a topic
2.Gather a large number of ideas.
3.Put individual ideas on cards or sticky notes.
4.As a team, group the ideas are collected
according to natural “affinity” or relationship to
each other.
5.These natural groups become “strategic

7. AFFINITY DIAGRAM
EXAMPLE CONT.

9. INTERRELATIONSHIP
DIAGRAMS
Identifies and explores causal
relationships among related concepts
or ideas. Can address problems with a
complex network of causes and effects.
STEPS
1. Express the problem in form of “Why isn’t
something happening?”
2. Each member lists 5 causes affecting
problem
3. Write each item on a card
4. Discuss info collected until everyone

10. Interrelationship Diagrams
Cont.5.Move cards into similar groups
6.Asking why, explore the cause-effect
relationships, and divide the cards into
primary, secondary and tertiary causes
7.Connect all cards by these
relationships8.Further discuss until all possible
causes have been identified

11. INTERRELATIONSHIP
DIAGRAMS CONT.
9.Review whole diagram looking for
relationships among causes
10.Connect all related groups

12. Interrelationship Diagrams.

14. TREE DIAGRAMS (CONT.)
Steps:
1. Write Relations Diagram topic (Objective
card)
2. Identify constraints on how objective can
be achieved
3. Discuss means of achieving objective
(primary means, first level strategy)
4. Take each primary mean, write objective
Expands a purpose into the tasks
required to accomplish it.

15. 5.Continue to expand to the fourth level
6.Review each system of means in both
directions (from objective to means and
means to objective)
7.Connect all levels

16. TREE DIAGRAM
EXAMPLE

17. MATRIX DIAGRAMS
S.M.A.R.T. Plan Matrices
Technique for structuring the task
details when planning the
implementation of a project.
For each implementable task:
Specific (activity or task)
Measurable (outcome or process)
Assignment (who will perform)
Resources (what is needed)
Time (anticipated duration)

19. MATRIX DATA ANALYSIS
Arranges a large array of numbers so that they may
be visualized and comprehended easily
Usage example: evaluate the desired quality level
from the results of a market survey
Steps:
1. Begin with numerical matrix relating goals or
requirements to actions or performance
2. Assign weights to each goal or requirement
Subjective
Objective (principle component analysis)
3. Calculate weighted importance of actions or performance
level

20. MATRIX DATA ANALYSIS
EXAMPLE
Requirement Importance
Weight
Best
Competitor
Evaluation
Own
Evaluation
Weighted
Gap
Price .2 6 7
Speed of
Delivery
.3 7 6
Reliability .4 5 6
Customizability .1 8 7

21. PROCESS DECISION PROGRAM
CHARTS
Maps out all contingencies when moving from
statement of purpose to its realization
Usage example: establishing an implementation
plan for improvement project
Steps:
Another form of a tree diagram
1. First level: purpose
2. Second level: activities to be undertaken
3. Third level: steps in these activities
4. Fourth level: what ifs? (contingencies)
5. Fifth level: countermeasures (contingency plans)

23. ARROW DIAGRAMS
For Working Out Optimal Schedules and
Controlling Them Effectively
Steps: (working on the nodes)
1. All of your activities that have no predecessors can
be placed along the left of the page
2. Activities that immediately follow are drawn to the
right of the first activities
3. Arrows are drawn from each activity to all those
activities that immediately follow that activity
4. Continue adding activities until the process is
finished
5. Time estimates can be easily added to schedule
and control the project

24. Arrow Diagrams
application

26. Thank
you