This document discusses embedded systems and robotics. It begins by defining embedded systems as electronic systems where a microprocessor is embedded into an application to perform a single task. Examples like cell phones, washing machines, and traffic signals are given. The document then discusses microprocessors and microcontrollers, their components, applications in areas like automobiles, shoes, and medical devices. It also covers topics like computer architecture, layers of a computer system, embedded applications in industrial automation and robotics. Projects designed using microcontrollers are presented, including temperature monitoring and a micromouse robot.

1. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS & ROBOTICSProf. Anish Goel

2. Embedded SystemsWe are surrounded by Embedded Systems.Cell PhonesAutomatic Washing Machines.Traffic Signals with Timers.Automobile Electronics.Find a system that contains no electronic system.How can a electronic system improve the functionality/efficiency of that system.Custom design an embedded system for the same.2Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

3. EMBEDDED SYSTEMSEmbedded system means the processor is embedded into that application.An embedded product uses a microprocessor or microcontroller to do one task only.In an embedded system, there is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM.Example：printer, keyboard, video game player3Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

4. MICROPROCESSORS MICRO + PROCESSORLength of transistor is in micron region.This length becomes half every eighteen monthsMoore’s Law stated by Gordan Moore.More transistors per chip.4Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

5. Different aspects of a microprocessor/controllerHardware :Interface to the real world Software :order how to deal with inputs5Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

6. Microprocessors:Data BusCPUGeneral-Purpose Micro-processorSerial COM PortI/O PortRAMROMTimerAddress BusGeneral-Purpose Microprocessor System General-purpose microprocessorCPU for ComputersNo RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itselfExample：Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0Many chips on mother’s board6Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

7. Microcontroller :RAMROMCPUA single chipSerial COM PortI/O PortTimerMicrocontrollerA smaller computerOn-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...Example：Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X7Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

8. Basic Microcomputer System.PROCESSINPUTOUTPUTMEMORY8Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

9. Microprocessors and Computer Architecture.What is needed to make systems smart????Human Brain !!!We are surrounded by microprocessors.Where are they???In cell phones.In cars.Smallest electronic system you can think of.Largest system you can think of.They are there is Shoes as well.What???? In shoes???What would a piece of semi-conductor do in a shoes?9Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

10. Why Microprocessors?They will act as brain of the system.They add intelligence to the system.They can be programmed to perform a task.Once programmed, they make the system work automatically.Computer Architecture!Specialized branch that deals with the Microprocessor Architecture.For instance:What is the memory requirement of the system.How many input and output devices are to be connected to the system.10Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

11. Block Diagram of a Computer11Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

12. Layers of a Computer SystemHigh Level Sum := Sum + 1Assembly MOV BX,SUM INC (BX)Machine 1101010100001100001000110111010111110Register Transfer Fetch Instruction, Increment PC, Load ALU with SUM ...Gate Circuit12Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

13. CPU PLATFORMARMPower PCx86Intel 8051Atmel AVRMSP-430MC68HC1213Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

14. PERIPHERALSSerial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-422, RS-485 etc Synchronous Serial Communication Interface: I2C, JTAG, SPI, SSC and ESSI Universal Serial Bus (USB) Networks: Ethernet, Controller Area Network, LonWorks, etc Timers: PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing UnitsDiscrete IO: General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog Converter (ADC/DAC) 14Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

15. MICROCONTROLLER over MICROPROCESSORSingle chip computerIntegrated memoryIntegrated peripheralsMinimum circuitCost reduction15Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

16. FEATURES OF A MICROCONTROLLERCentral Processing Unit - ranging from small and simple 8-bit processors to sophisticated 32- or 64-bit processors Input/Output Interface such as serial ports Peripherals such as timers and watchdog circuits RAM for data storage ROM, EEPROM or Flash Memory program storage Clock Generator - often an oscillator for a quartz timing crystal, resonator or RC circuit 16Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

17. APPLICATIONSCalculatorsWashing Machine Microwave OvensCell phones Industrial Automation & RoboticsEngines (Automobiles)“Footwear's”Cyborg17Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

18. 32-bit Electronic Fuel Injection Systems (EFI)Electronic engine control for minimizing exhaust emissions and maximizing fuel economyInstrumentation for measuring vehicle performance parameters and for diagnosis of on-board system malfunctionsDriveline controlVehicle motion controlSafety and convenienceEntertainment/communication/navigation18Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

19. Control Outputs to Engine19Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

20. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION & ROBOTICSAdvanced Step in Innovative Mobility (ASIMO)Most developed humanoid in the world.20Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

21. AHS:( Advanced Cruise-Assist Highway Systems)Most advanced systems in the ITS field Reduces traffic accidents Enhances safety Improves transportation efficiency Reduces the operational work of drivers 21Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

22. ELECTRONIC SHOES by ADDIDASAdapts to the environment Senses the cushioning level on every step & Understands whether the cushioning provided is too soft or too firm Adapts itself to provide the right level of cushioning Sensor, located just below the runner’s heel Takes 1,000 readings a second Accurate to a tenth of a millimeter Microprocessor capable of making five million calculations per second Adapts with a motor-driven cable system that spins at 6,000 rpm 22Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

23. What happens when a man is merged with a computer?First human Cyborg.Half man, half machine.Microprocessor chip inside his arm.Plans to integrate his brain with a ChipProf. Kevin Warwick23Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

24. ROBOTICS IS INTEGRATION OF:ELECTRONICS + MECHANICS + SOFTWARE = ROBOTICS24Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

25. Nanorobots (Nanites)Based on nanotechnology.Robots having dimensions in the range of Nanometer.Mission to MARS in 2020 by NASA.25Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

26. Sony’s- AIBORobo-DogsEmulates all the behavior of a Dog.Also used as a pet which takes care of house.Can control home devices. 26Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

27. EVOLUTION OR IS IT ?27Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

28. Are the three Laws Really Safe ?28Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

29. TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS29Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

30. PROJECTS DESIGNED & IMPLEMENTED USING MICROCONTROLLER 8051Digital Data Acquisition System.Micromouse: An Autonomous Robot.Application Specific Industrial Robot.Industrial AutomationMaterial handling system.30Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

31. Digital Data Acquisition System.Temperature Monitoring, Recording & Control using 8051.Temperature Sensor:DS1621 Digital thermometer & Thermostat.Display Device: 16x2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)Memory: External RAM (32KBytes).Control using Electromechanical Relay.31Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

32. MICROMOUSEAutonomous, maze solving robot.Touch Sensors used as input.D.C motors used as actuators.Brain: Microcontroller 8051.Chassis completely made out of scrap.32Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

33. Application Specific Industrial RobotDesigned for Specific Industrial Purpose.Mechanism on top provides X-Y axis movement.Vehicle provides movement in the plane.Automatic pick and place mechanism.33Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

34. Thank you !!! But wait…This presentation is open source….Log on to my website:www.discovermechatronics.blogspot.comYou can view/download this presentation.You can brows my projects on this website.34Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel