Home Automation Using Arduino Uno and HC-05

Home Automation Using Arduino
HOME AUTOMATION USING ARDUINO
Mini Project Report
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
By:
Vidhi Shah (16BEC070)
Priti Khandelwal (16BEC077)
Under the guidance of
Prof. Jayesh Patel
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Institute of Technology
NIRMA UNIVERSITY
Ahmedabad 382 481
November 2018

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mini Project entitled “Home Automation Using Arduino” submitted by
Ms. Vidhi Shah (16BEC070) & Ms. Priti Khandelwal (16BEC077) towards the partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree in Bachelor of Technology in the field
of Electronics and Communication Engineering of Nirma University is the record of work
carried out by them under our supervision and guidance. The work submitted has in our
opinion reached a level required for being accepted for examination. The results embodied in
this mini project work to the best of our knowledge have not been submitted to any other
University or Institution for award of any degree or diploma.
Date: 26-November-2018
Prof. Jayesh Patel
Project Guide
Institute of technology
Nirma University
Ahmedabad
Dr. DK Kothari
HOD (EC)
Institute of technology
Nirma University
Ahmedabad

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are profoundly grateful to Prof. Jayesh Patel for his expert guidance and continuous
encouragement throughout to see that this project rights its target since its commencement to
its completion.
We would like to express our deepest appreciation towards Dr. Alka Mahajan, Director,
Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Dr. DK Kothari, Head of Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering and Prof. Rachna Sharma, Project Coordinator whose
invaluable guidance supported us in completing this project.
At last we must express our sincere heartfelt gratitude to all the staff members of Electronics
and Communication Engineering Department who helped us directly or indirectly during this
course of work.
Vidhi Shah
Priti Khandelwal

ABSTRACT
The main objective of this project is to develop a smart home automation system using an
Arduino board with Bluetooth module HC-05 being remotely controlled by any Android OS
smart phone. As technology is advancing day by day, so houses are also getting smarter.
Modern houses are gradually shifting from conventional switches to centralized control
system, involving remote controlled switches. Presently, conventional wall switches located in
different parts of the house makes it difficult for the user to go near them to operate. Even more
it becomes more difficult for the elderly or physically handicapped people to do so. Remote
controlled home automation system provides a most modern solution with smart phones.
In order to achieve this, a Bluetooth module is interfaced to the Arduino board at the receiver
end while on the transmitter end, a GUI application on the cell phone sends ON/OFF
commands to the receiver where loads are connected. By touching the specified location on the
GUI, the loads can be turned ON/OFF remotely through this technology. The loads are
operated by Arduino board through 5 volt relays.

CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Basics about Arduino
Uno and 8051
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Comparison between Arduino and 8051
1
1
Chapter 2: Hardware description
2.1 Arduino Uno
2.2 Bluetooth Module HC- 05
2.3 L293D (Motor driver IC)
2.4 Hardware requirement
2.5 Software requirement
3
4
4
5
5
Chapter 3: Interfacing Circuits
3.1 HC-05 interfacing with Arduino
3.2 Arduino and Bluetooth interfacing with
LED
3.2.1 Code for displaying interfacing of LED
3.2.2 Bluetooth app
6
7
8
8
Chapter 4: Introduction to home
automation, its design and implementation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Designing of circuit
4.2.1 Circuit diagram
4.2.2 Program code
4.2.3 Bluetooth app for home automation
4.3 Technical specifications for this project
4.4 Pros of home automation
4.5 Cons of home automation
4.6 Applications of home automation
9
10
11
11
13
13
13
14
14
Chapter 5: Future scope 15
Chapter 6: Conclusion 16
REFERENCES 17

LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 Pin description of Arduino Uno 3
2.2 Bluetooth module HC-05 4
2.3 Pin configuration of L293D 4
3.1 Arduino interfacing with Bluetooth 6
3.2 Code for displaying received data via Bluetooth 7
3.3 Block diagram for LED interfacing 8
3.4 LED ON/OFF using Bluetooth module and Arduino 8
3.5 Code for displaying LED interfacing 9
3.6 Bluetooth app for LED on/off 9
4.1 Home automation 10
4.2 Circuit diagram for home automation 11
4.3 Bluetooth app for home automation 13

Chapter 1
Basics about Arduino Uno and 8051 Microcontroller
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Arduino Uno is a development board that houses a microcontroller (ATMEGA 328) on it. It
is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware
and software. Arduino works on the IDE software (Integrated Development Environment). It
works on 16 MHz crystal oscillator.
Arduino = Microcontroller + Crystal + On board power supply pins
(ATMEGA 328)
Microcontroller 8051 is an intelligent unit that acts like a processor. It solves real world
problems. Microcontrollers are just like the small computer on a single integrated circuit.
They are mostly used in automated controlled projects such as home automation, office
machines, appliances, power tools and other embedded systems. Microcontroller 8051 is an
8- bit processor having 4k size of ROM and 128 Kbytes of RAM. It works on 11.0592 MHz
crystal oscillator,
8051 Microcontroller = 40 Pin Dual in Package IC
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN ARDUINO AND 8051
ATMEGA 328 8051
Architecture • Harvard architecture
• RISC(Reduced
instruction set
computer)
• Harvard architecture
• CISC(Complex
instruction set
computer)
Power requirements 5-20 volts 4.5-5.5 volts
RAM 2 Kb 256 bytes
Maximum current 25 mA 25 mA
Current output
(@ GPIO)
40 mA 15 mA
Programming Arduino IDE Keil UVision IDE
Feature set • Total GPIO pins = 20
• Supports hardware
and software
interrupts, internal as
well as external.
• Internal pull up
resistors available
(10k)
• Offer 8/16 bit timers
event/counters.
• 40 pin package offers
32 GPIO pins.
• Supports hardware
and software
interrupts, internal as
well as external.
• No internal pull up
resistors.
• Offer 8/16 bit timers
event/counters.

• Offers 6 ADC(analog
to digital channels)
• One I2C interface.
• One SPI interface.
• No built in ADC
(analog to digital
converter).
• No I2C interface.
• No SPI interface.
Clock speed • 16MHz and can be
increased to 20Mhz
• One machine cycle=1
clock cycle
• Single instruction
executed in one
machine cycle.
• 11.0592MHz crystal
oscillator.
• One machine
cycle=12 clock cycles
• Single instruction
executed in 2
machine cycles
After all this comparison between Arduino and 8051, we have decided to go for Arduino for
implementing our project because Arduino is much better than 8051 in many aspects like Size
of RAM, Power supply, clock speed, and architecture.

Chapter 2
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
2.1 ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-toserial
driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-toserial converter.
 Some Technical Specification of Arduino Uno (Com4) are:
1. Microcontroller ATmega328P
2. Operating Voltage 5V
3. Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
4. Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
5. Digital I/O Pins 14
6. Analog Input Pins 6
7. DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
8. DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
9. Flash Memory 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by boot loader
10. SRAM 2 KB
11. EEPROM 1 KB
12. Clock Speed 16 MHz
Fig.1 Pin description of Arduino Uno
Image Courtesy: (http://full-parts.com/arduino-uno-r3.html)

2.2 BLUETOOTH MODULE HC-05
HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for
transparent wireless serial connection setup. This module can be used in master and slave
configurations having baud rate of 9600 bps. It can work up to 10 m of distance.
Serial port Bluetooth module is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate)
3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver and baseband. It uses CSR
Bluecore 04-External single chip Bluetooth system with CMOS technology and with AFH
(Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature). It has the footprint as small as 12.7mmx27mm. Hope
it will simplify your overall design/development cycle.
Fig.2 Bluetooth module HC-05
Image courtesy: ( https://articulo.mercadolibre.com.mx/MLM-614237346-modulo-hc-05-bluetooth-para-
arduino-maestro-esclavo-_JM)
2.3 L293D (Motor driver IC)
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act as current
amplifiers since they take a low-current control signal. L293D is basically a high current dual
motor driver/controller Integrated Circuit (IC). It is able to drive load having current up to 1A
at the voltage ranging from 4.5V to 36V. Motor driver usually act as current amplifier
because they receive a low current signal as an input and provides high current signal at the
output.
Fig.3 Pin configuration of L293D
Image courtesy: (https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-arduino-lesson-15-dc-motor-reversing/lm293d)

2.4 Hardware requirement
The list of the components mentioned here are specifically for controlling 2 loads i.e. Bulb
and a fan.
 Arduino Uno with Atmega 328P microcontroller
 HC-05 Bluetooth module
 5 volt relay
 Bulb
 DC motor with fan
 Motor driver IC (L293D)
 Printed circuit board
 Connecting wires
 Male and female headers
 9 volt power supply
 Smartphone
2.5 Software requirement
 Arduino 1.8.7 Compiler
 Proteus 8
 Android application

Chapter 3
BASIC INTERFACING CIRCUITS
3.1 HC-05 interfacing with Arduino
HC-05 is a Bluetooth device used for wireless communication with Bluetooth enabled
devices (like Smartphone). It communicates with microcontrollers using serial
communication (USART).
Default baud rate of module is 9600 bps which can be changed using certain AT commands.
As HC-05 Bluetooth module has 3.3 V level for RX/TX and microcontroller can detect 3.3 V
level, so, there is no need to shift TX voltage level of HC-05 module. But we need to shift the
transmit voltage level from microcontroller to RX of HC05 module.
Fig.4 Arduino interfacing with Bluetooth module
Image courtesy: http://crackeconcept.blogspot.com/2014/03/arduino-and-matlab-interfacing-via.html
In the above figure Receiver (Rx) of module is connected with Transmitter of Arduino and
Transmitter of module is connected with Receiver of Arduino for serial communication at the
baud rate of 9600bps.

CODE FOR DISPLAYING DATA RECEIVED VIA BLUETOOTH ON SERIAL
MONITOR
Fig.5 Code for displaying received data via Bluetooth
3.2 Arduino and Bluetooth interfacing with LED
These are the main blocks for controlling the LED by giving ON/OFF commands from
Smartphone. HC 05 works on serial communication. The Android app is designed to send
serial data to the Arduino Bluetooth module when a button is pressed on the app. The
Arduino Bluetooth module at the other end receives the data and sends it to the Arduino
through the TX pin of the Bluetooth module (connected to RX pin of Arduino). The code
uploaded to the Arduino checks the received data and compares it. If the received data is 1,
the LED turns ON. The LED turns OFF when the received data is 0. You can open the serial
monitor and watch the received data while connecting.

Fig.6 Block diagram of LED interfacing
Image courtesy: (https://maker.pro/arduino/tutorial/bluetooth-basics-how-to-control-led-using-smartphone-
arduino)
Fig.7 LED ON/OFF using Bluetooth module and Arduino
Image courtesy: (https://maker.pro/arduino/tutorial/bluetooth-basics-how-to-control-led-using-smartphone-
arduino)

3.2.1 Code for displaying the interfacing of LED
Fig.8 Code for displaying LED interfacing
3.2.2 Bluetooth App
Fig.9 Android phone app for LED ON/OFF

Chapter 4
INTRODUCTION TO HOME AUTOMATION, ITS DESIGN
AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Introduction
As the name suggests, it means building automation for a home. An automated home system
can control light, fan, refrigerator, entertainment systems and appliances. When it connected
with internet, it becomes an important constitute of Internet of Things (IOT).
When devices are connected with internet to automate things, then they come in the category
of Self Monitoring Analysis.
Time is a very valuable thing. Everybody wants to save time as much as they can. New
technologies are being introduced to save our time. To save people’s time we are introducing
Home Automation system using Bluetooth. With the help of this system we can control our
home appliances from your mobile phone. We can turn on/off your home appliances within
the range of Bluetooth.
Fig.10 Home automation
Image courtesy: (https://www.infobuild.it/approfondimenti/domotica-la-casa-intelligente/)
4.2 Designing of circuit
The circuit has been designed in such a way so that it can automate appliances from the
command given by any Smartphone. A low cost and efficient smart home system is presented
in our design. This system has two main modules: the hardware interface module and the
software communication module. The heart of this system is the Arduino Uno
microcontroller Atmega 328P. All communication and controls in this system pass through
the microcontroller.

4.2.1 Circuit diagram
Fig.11 circuit diagram for home automation
4.2.2 Program code
String inputs;
#define relay1 2 //Connect relay1 to pin 9
int motor1Pin1 = 3; // pin 2 on L293D IC
int motor1Pin2 = 4; // pin 7 on L293D IC
int enable1Pin = 6; // pin 1 on L293D IC
//int state;
int flag=0; //makes sure that the serial only prints once the state
//int stateStop=0;
void setup() {
// sets the pins as outputs:
pinMode(motor1Pin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(motor1Pin2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(enable1Pin, OUTPUT);
// sets enable1Pin and enable2Pin high so that motor can turn on:
digitalWrite(enable1Pin, HIGH);
// initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(relay1, OUTPUT); //Set relay1 as an output
digitalWrite(relay1, LOW); //Switch relay1 off
}
void loop() {

while(Serial.available()) //Check if there are available bytes to read
{
delay(10); //Delay to make it stable
char c = Serial.read(); //Conduct a serial read
if (c == '#'){
break; //Stop the loop once # is detected after a word
}
inputs += c; //Means inputs = inputs + c
}
if (inputs.length() >0)
{
Serial.println(inputs);
if(inputs == "A")
{
digitalWrite(relay1, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == "a")
{
digitalWrite(relay1, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs=="F")
{
digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);
if(flag == 0){
Serial.println("Go Forward!");
flag=1;
}
}
else if(inputs=="S")
{
if(flag == 0){
Serial.println("STOP!");
flag=1;
}
}
}
inputs="";
}

4.2.3 Bluetooth app for home automation
Fig.12 Bluetooth app for home automation
4.3 Technical specifications for this project
 A Smartphone or an Android mobile which should have the android app installed in it.
 Bluetooth receiver module – Our project will be connected to the Smartphone using
Bluetooth technology.
 Controller or the main processing circuit- In this project, Arduino Uno is the main
controlling / processing unit. Also, this project can be developed using PIC18F4550,
AVR ATmega32 and 8051 series like: 89s51, 89c51, 89s52, 89v51RD2.
 Relays to control devices – We have used 5volt Single push single throw relays.
 Output devices – For the demo purpose, we have connected a DC devices to a relay
(12 volt DC bulb).
4.4 Pros of home automation
 Security:
Many home automation technologies fall under the umbrella of home security.
Consumers purchase these devices because they want to make their homes safer and more
secure. Automated lighting thwarts would-be burglars, and motion sensors help people
enter doors and walk hallways late at night.
 Energy Efficiency:
Increase our home’s energy efficiency by remotely powering off systems and appliances
when they aren’t in use. In addition to the standard home automation products that give

active control, some products actively monitor systems. The homeowner with knowledge,
insight and guidance to achieve greater control and energy efficiency.
 Savings:
Smart light bulbs save energy, cutting utility costs over time. Some home automation
technologies monitor water usage, too, helping to prevent exorbitant water bills. Certain
devices even offer rebates.
4.5 Cons of home automation
 Installation:
Depending on the complexity of the system, installing a home automation device can be a
significant burden on the homeowner. It can either cost you money if you hire an outside
contractor or cost you time if you venture to do it yourself.
 System compatibility:
Controlling all aspects of home automation from one centralized platform is important,
but not all systems are compatible with one another. Our security system, for example,
may require logging in to one location to manage settings, while our smart thermostat
may require logging in to another platform to turn the air conditioner on and off. To truly
leverage the convenience of home automation, you may need to invest in centralized
platform technology to control all systems and devices from one location.
 Complex technology:
Automating everything in life may sound extremely appealing, but sometimes a good old-
fashioned flip of the switch is a lot easier than reaching for our smart phone to turn lights
on and off. Before we decide which system is right for us, think about how far we really
want to take home automation in your household.
4.6 Applications of home automation
 Using this project we can turn on/off our lights which will save the electricity.
 The project can be further expanded to a smart home automation system by including
some sensors like light sensors, temperature sensors, safety sensors etc. and
automatically adjust different parameters like room lighting, air conditioning (room
temperature), door locks etc. and transmit the information to our phone.
 Additionally, we can connect to internet and control the home from remote location
over internet and also monitor the safety.

Chapter 5
FUTURE SCOPE
 Arduino based device control using Bluetooth on Smartphone project can be enhanced
to control the speed of the fan or volume of the buzzer etc.
 Home automation and Device controlling can be done using Internet of Things – IOT
technology.
 We can replace Bluetooth by GSM modem so that we can achieve device controlling
by sending SMS using GSM modem.

Chapter 6
CONCLUSION
The home automation system has been experimentally proven to work satisfactorily by
connecting sample appliances to it and the appliances were successfully controlled from a
wireless mobile device.
The project works successfully as per our requirement. The interfacing between all the
components is good and we are able to ON/OFF our appliances from an android phone till
the distance of 10m.
We learned many skills such as soldering, wiring the circuit and other tools that we
use for this project and was able to work together as a team during this project.
The Bluetooth client was successfully tested on a multitude of different mobile phones
from different manufacturers, thus proving its portability and wide compatibility. Thus a
low-cost home automation system was successfully designed, implemented and tested.

REFERENCES
1. http://full-parts.com/arduino-uno-r3.html
2. https://www.mythinkenergy.com/pros-cons-home-automation
3. https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-arduino-lesson-15-dc-motor-reversing/lm293d
4. https://maker.pro/arduino/tutorial/bluetooth-basics-how-to-control-led-using-
smartphone-arduino
5. http://harshsharmatechnicals.com/2018/01/30/code-and-circuit-diagram-for-home-
automation-system-using-arduino/
6. https://www.roboremo.com/arduino-bluetooth-dc-motor-speed.html
7. http://lampatronics.com/how-to-control-dc-motor-via-bluetooth-using-arduino/

Home Automation Using Arduino Uno and HC-05

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