A presentation of summer training done on Embedded Systems. It outlines the basic understanding of embedded systems.

1. A Presentation of Summer Training done on
Embedded Systems
at C-DAC, Jaipur
Submitted to :
Mr. Manish Jain Sir
(ECE Dept.)
Submitted by :
Nishant Kayal
(13EJGEC023)

2. What is an Embedded System?
 An embedded system is some combination of computer
hardware and software, either fixed in capability or
programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular
function.
 It is embedded as part of a complete device often including
hardware and mechanical parts.
 Modern embedded systems are often based
on microcontrollers (i.e. CPUs with integrated memory or
peripheral interfaces), but ordinary microprocessors (using
external chips for memory and peripheral interface circuits) are
also common, especially in more-complex systems.

3. Difference between Embedded and
General Purpose System
Embedded System
• Designed to do some specific set of tasks.
• Not programmable by end user.
• Low power consumption.
• Fixed time constraints.
• Task specific that’s why more economical.
General Purpose System
• Can perform multiple tasks.
• Programmable by end user.
• Generally high power consumption.
• Does not have fixed time constraints.
• Generally costly than task specific system.

4. Examples of Embedded Systems
Embedded systems control many of the
common devices in use today, like –
• Digital watches
• Traffic lights
• Printers
• Mobile phones
• Medical equipments
• MP3 Players
• Robots
• Routers
• Climate control in automobiles, etc.

5. What makes Embedded systems
different?
• Real time operation
• Size
• Cost
• Time
• Reliability
• Safety
• Energy

6. Embedded Systems Hardware

7. Key Components of Embedded
Systems
Processors:
• It is the central processing unit known as the heart of the embedded systems.
• It is the hardware that executes the software and brings life to the embedded system.
• Controls the activities of all the other circuits.
Memory:
• Used to store the software that the processor will run.
• Also provides storage for data such as program variables, intermediate results, status
information and any other data generated throughout the operation.

8. Processor
• A processor is the heart of the
Embedded System.
• For an embedded system designer
the knowledge of microprocessor
and microcontroller is a must.

9. Types of Processor
1. General Purpose processor (GPP)
– Microprocessor
– Microcontroller
2. Application Specific System Processor (ASSP)
3. Multi Processor System using GPPs

10. Microprocessor
• A microprocessor is a single chip semi conductor device also which is a
computer on chip, but not a complete computer.
• Its CPU contains an ALU, a program counter, a stack pointer, some
working register, a clock timing circuit and interrupt circuit on a single
chip.
• To make complete micro computer, one must add memory usually ROM
and RAM, memory decoder, an oscillator and a number of serial and
parallel ports.

11. Various Microprocessors
Intel
4004, 4040
8080, 8085
8086, 8088,
80186, 80188
80286, 80386
x86-64
Motorola
6800
6809
68000
G3, G4, G5
Zilog
Z80, Z180, eZ80
Z8, eZ8
and others

12. Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a functional computer system-on-a-chip.
It contains a processor, memory, and programmable
input/output peripherals.
Microcontrollers include an integrated CPU, memory (a small
amount of RAM, program memory, or both) and peripherals
capable of input and output.

13. Various Microcontrollers
INTEL
8031,8032,8051,8052,8751,8752
PIC
8-bit PIC16, PIC18,
16-bit DSPIC33 / PIC24,
PIC16C7x
Motorola
MC68HC11

14. Microprocessor v/s Microcontroller
Microprocessor
• The functional blocks are ALU, registers,
timing & control units.
• Bit handling instruction is less, One or two
type only.
• It is used for designing general purpose
digital computers system.
Microcontroller
• It includes functional blocks of
microprocessors & in addition has timer,
parallel i/o, RAM, EPROM, ADC & DAC.
• Many type of bit handling instruction.
•They are used for designing application
specific dedicated systems.

15. Microcontroller Families
• 68H12 : Motorola 68H11, 68HC12,…
• 8051 : Intel 8051, 8052, 80251,…
• PIC : Microchip PIC16F628, 18F452,…
• AVR : Atmel ATmega128, ATtiny28L,…

16. Software used
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE
C
C++
Dot Net
COMPILER
RIDE
KEIL
SIMULATOR
Masm

17. Applications
• Household appliances.
• Audio player.
• Cellular telephones.
• Engine controller in automobiles.
• Calculators.
• Videogames.
• Aircrafts.
• Medical equipments.
• Defense systems, etc.

18. THANK YOU