This document discusses quality control and quality assurance. It defines quality as prescribed characteristics present in products and outlines quality control as the process of verifying and correcting quality when deviations are found. Quality control aims to assess quality standards at different production stages, recommend corrective actions, and suggest quality improvements without raising costs. It emphasizes quality in design, processes, personnel selection and training. Total quality control refers to a total commitment to quality in all areas. Quality circles involve employees identifying and solving quality problems. Quality is built in from the start and requires top management commitment and continuous training. Statistical methods like control charts are applied. Quality depends on design, procurement, production, inspection and packaging/handling.

1. PRESENTED BY
SIMRAN KAUR

2.  Quality is some prescribed or desired
characteristics present in raw materials,
semi finished or finished items
 Quality is used with reference to end use of
product viz fitness for purpose, degree of
preference, degree of excellence, etc
 Quality control is the process of verification
or correction in quality of product when the
deviations in the quality are found to be
more than expected

3.  Assessment of quality standards at different
stages of the production process
 To recommend for remedial or corrective
action when the process goes out of control
 Reliability
 To suggest suitable improvements in quality
of product, if any, without affecting cost of
production
 Quality control operations introduce quality
consciousness in organization

4.  Quality control starts with quality assessment
and includes action taken to do away with
unacceptable quality
 Quality assurance is quality control but with
an emphasis on quality in design of products,
processes and jobs and in selection of
personnel and higher training
 Total Quality Control (TQC) refers to a total
commitment to quality in all its aspects, to
commitment of quality in all functional areas
of work and makes use of behavioural
techniques

5.  Quality Circles is a group of employees whose
task is to identify problems, formulate
solutions and present their results to
management with suggestions for
implementation

6.  Quality is built into product at product
concept stage and is ubiquitous all
throughout its life
 Top management’s commitment to quality is
a proper beginning
 Continuous training is a key to Quality
Control
 Quality function can be organized in several
alternatives

7.  Cause of variation
1. Chance variation
2. Assignable cause of variation

8.  Functions of quality control
1. To see that the product or service is
designed in such a way so that it meets
customers’ specifications
2. To maintain discipline amongst employees
and to boost their morale
3. To reduce the proportion of scrap, waste
and spoilage during the process
4. To make the employees quality conscious

9.  Quality audit
1. JUSE and other organizations conduct
external audits

10.  Education and Training
1. JUSE offers programmes for management
and workers

11.  Applications of Statistical methods
1. Pareto charts
2. Cause and effect diagrams
3. Check sheets
4. Stratification
5. Scatter diagrams
6. Shewari control charts

18.  Design and engineering department
determines design/specification/ standards
for raw materials, components, parts, tools,
equipment, processes or methods of
production, etc
 Product specifications or design should be
based on needs of consumers; otherwise it
will proven to be useless even if it is
outstanding

19.  An error or fault at this stage affects the
quality of final product adversely and cost of
production may increase due to more scrap
or spoilage or defective material

20.  Responsibility for procurement of materials,
components, parts, tools, equipment, etc of
standard specifications, in a required
quantity at a reasonable price rests with the
purchase department
 Quality control system or equipment of
suppliers should be checked to determine
their ability to supply quality materials
regularly in desired quantity

21.  Production department is responsible for
production of quality products as per the
specifications, determined by design and
engineering department
 Quality of product is affected by
manufacturing processes, tools and
equipment and also testing and measuring
instruments and methods used
 Manufacturing processes or methods must be
faultless and carefully designed

22.  Measuring and testing instruments of
standard and well known manufacturers
should only be used to maintain great
accuracy

23.  Careful handling, proper stage and
systematic packing save the products from
rain, dust, sunlight, temperature, etc and
maintain quality of products
 Complaints from customers should be
entertained properly