This document defines modals as verbs that combine with other verbs to indicate mood or tense, and expresses concepts like necessity, uncertainty, ability, or permission. It outlines 10 common modals - can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, and would - and provides examples of their typical uses. Each modal is explained in 1-2 sentences per use case. For example, can is used to indicate ability, permission, requests, offers, suggestions, and possibilities in the present tense.

1. CMODALS
PRESENTED BY
SIMRAN KAUR

2. DEFINITION
•A verb that combines with another verb to indicate
mood or tense.
•A modal expresses necessity, uncertainty, ability or
permission.

3. 10 MODALS
• Can
• Could
• May
• Might
• Must
• Ought
• Shall
• Should
• Will
• Would

4. CAN(Present Modal)
USE 1: Ability to do something in the present
•I can speak in English.
•He can learn the lessons.

5. CAN(Present Modal)
USE 2: Permission to do something in the present
•Can I go to the cinema?

6. CAN(Present Modal)
USE 3: Request
•Can you wait a moment, please?

7. CAN(Present Modal)
USE 4: Offer
•I can lend you my car till tomorrow.

8. CAN(Present Modal)
USE 5: Suggestion
•Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?

9. CAN(Present Modal)
USE 6: Possibility
•It can get very hot in Arizona.

10. COULD(Past Modal)
USE 1: Ability to do something in the past
•I could speak English.

11. COULD(Past Modal)
USE 2: Permission to do something in the past.
•I could go to the cinema.

12. COULD(Past Modal)
USE 3: Polite question
•Could I go to the cinema, please?

13. COULD(Past Modal)
USE 4: Polite request
•Could you wait a moment, please?

14. COULD(Past Modal)
USE 5: Polite offer
•I could lend you my car till tomorrow.

15. COULD(Past Modal)
USE 6: Polite suggestion
•Could we visit Grandma at the weekend?

16. COULD(Past Modal)
USE 7: Possibility
•It could get very hot in Montana.

17. MAY(Present/Future Modal)
USE 1: Possibility
•It may rain today.

18. MAY(Present/Future Modal)
USE 2: Permission to do something in the present
•May I go to the cinema?

19. MIGHT(Present/Future Modal)
USE 1: Possibility
•It might rain today.

20. MIGHT(Present/Future Modal)
USE 2: Hesitant offer
•Might I help you?

21. MUST(Present Modal)
USE 1: Force, necessity
•I must go to the supermarket today.

22. MUST(Present Modal)
USE 2: Possibility
•You must be tired.

23. MUST(Present Modal)
USE 3: Advice, recommendation
•You must see the new film with Brad Pit.

24. WILL
USE 1: Wish, request, demand, order
•Will you please shut the door?

25. WILL
USE 2: Prediction, assumption
•I think it will rain on Friday.

26. WILL
USE 3: Promise
•I will stop smoking.

27. WILL
USE 4: Spontaneous decision
•Can somebody drive me to the station? – I will.

28. WILL
USE 5: Habits
•She’s strange, she will sit for hours without talking.

29. POSSIBILITY
•Will: 100%
•May: 80%
•Might: 20%

30. MUST NOT/MAY NOT(Present/Future
Modal)
USE 1: Prohibition
•You must not work on dad’s computer.
•You may not work on dad’s computer.

31. NEED NOT(Present/Future Modal)
USE 1: Not necessary
•I need not go the supermarket, we’re going to the
restaurant tonight.

32. WOULD
USE 1: Wish, request
•Would you shut the door, please?

33. WOULD
USE 2: Habits in the past
•Sometimes he would bring me some flowers.

34. WOULD
USE 3: As past form of “Will”
• He told me yesterday that he would call me.

35. OUGHT TO
USE 1: Advice
•You ought to drive carefully in bad weather.

36. OUGHT TO
USE 2: Obligation
•You ought to switch off the light when you leave the
room.

37. SHALL
USE 1: Suggestion
•Shall I carry your bag?

38. SHOULD
USE 1: Advice
•You should drive carefully in the bad weather.

39. SHOULD
USE 2: Obligation
•You should switch off the light when you leave the
room.

40. HAVE TO/HAS TO
Used to show compulsion
•I have to wake up early every morning.
•He has to perform on stage for his birthday.
•I had to go to Delhi yesterday.

41. CTHANK YOU!!!