Almost all executives claim that they manage quality, but yet the need for corrective actions continues to grow.
Imagine if we lived in a world where preventive actions are enough to have the desired products and services,
and that spending for corrections would be unnecessary. Imagine if organizations didn’t have to spend money
to improve their mistakes. Unfortunately, they do, and they call it the cost of quality.
A quality management system (QMS) is defined as a formalized system that documents processes, procedures, and responsibilities for achieving quality policies and objectives.
A QMS helps coordinate and direct an organization’s activities to meet customer and regulatory requirements and improve its effectiveness and efficiency on a continuous basis.
This refers to the organization structure, responsibility, procedures, processes and resources needed to implement a comprehensive quality management programme.
It comprises of collective policies, plans, practices and the supporting infrastructure by which an organization aims to reduce and eventually eliminate non-conformance to specifications, standards and customer expectations in the most cost effective and efficient manner.
What is quality? quality is a The ongoing process of building and sustaining relationships by assessing, anticipating, and fulfilling stated and implied needs.
Running Head SERVICE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT .docxtoltonkendal
Running Head: SERVICE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT 1
Service Quality Improvement
Ryan Magana
BUS 642 Business Research Methods & Tools
Ashish Godbole
January 15, 2018
- 1 -
[no notes on this page]
SERVICE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT 2
Service Quality Improvement
Introduction
Service quality management plays critical roles in the general management and the overall
success of the business organizations. Provision of customer-centered services is at the heart of
satisfaction of the business customers which has positive impact on the profitability of the
business enterprise. Due to the current dynamics in the market demands, customers’ tastes and
preferences form the basis under which the provision of services should be anchored on. In other
words, service quality management aims at aligning the organization goals and the satisfaction of
the customers in the long-run profitability and sustainability. Therefore, this research paper will
discuss how business enterprises can put in place measures that help in the enhancement of
quality management systems (Goetsch & Davis , 2014).
Background Information
Quality management is one of the most common organizational philosophy that functions
to promote the long-term success and sustainability of an organization as a result of customer
satisfaction. This is only possible through the establishment of effective quality management
systems as well as processes which are able to continuously improve the quality and economic
values of goods and services provided by the business enterprise (Goetsch & Davis , 2014).
Additionally, the quality management also significantly improve customer experience as far as
the provision of goods and services are concerned. This is particularly important in maintaining
brand loyalty. Similarly, the improvement of customer experience also helps in countering the
impact of stiff competition from the rival firms. Normally, the formation of processes for
successful quality improvement in an enterprise is focused on: continuous improvement,
- 2 -
[no notes on this page]
SERVICE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT 3
managerial involvement, customer satisfaction, measurability and recording of quality, and
organizational support (Goetsch & Davis , 2014).
The Management Dilemma
The most common form of ethical dilemma facing the management of most business
enterprises; is the decision to choose between provision of high quality goods and services and
the incurring increased spending on quality improvements. There has been constant challenge
resulting from spending more on quality improvement such as liquidity cr ...
Running head QUALITY TRAINING MANUAL .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: QUALITY TRAINING MANUAL 1
Quality Training Manual 13
Quality Training Manual
Felicia Jones
12/06/2016
Table of Contents
Evolution of quality management 3
Introduction 3
i. History of the quality management evolution 3
ii. Why QM is needed 4
Week 2: The Role of Leadership 5
Senior management's role in successful quality improvement programs 5
Senior management’s role in the large-scale strategic quality programs 5
Why firms should adopt the roles 5
How management should derive the metrics 6
Week 3: General Quality Strategies and Tools 7
i. Establishing customer expectations 7
ii. Designing quality in 7
iii. Defining metrics 7
iv. Mistake-proofing 7
v. Kaizen 7
vi. Six Sigma 7
Week 4: Quality Tactics and the Logistics and Supply Chain Functions 8
i. What tools are applicable internally 8
ii. What tools are applicable externally with vendors 8
Part 2: Week 5: Roll-Out 9
i. A communication plan 9
ii. Recommended sequence of steps to get personnel trained 9
iii. Stakeholders on board (e.g., the vendor base, trucking companies, warehouse personnel) 9
References 10
Evolution of quality managementIntroduction
i. History of the quality management evolution
Total quality management was started by Naval Air Systems Command in an attempt to describe the Japanese-style management approach to improving quality. Before TQM, japan would produce products that were imitations of other products but after the inception of the same, they set new standards to the production process (Nederpelt, 2012). The rest of the world soon followed the steps of japan in their processes, product and organizational production factors. The quality management as we know it today was pioneered by some of the industrial developers such as Deming, Dodge and Romin. It is definition and application occurs in the analysis of quantitative and qualitative processes, processes and economic theories. When it started back in the mid age, the focus was all about the end product but nowadays, it has evolved to include the services offered (Littlefield & Roberts, 2012).
Quality management process basically involves four main components that need to be adhered to in order to make the process successful. They include the quality planning which is the first step and includes preparing the measuring standards and desired output quality. The other steps are the quality assurance and quality control which involves measuring the actual product and comparing it with the standards put in place. Quality improvement is the last stage and involves the reconciliation of the deviations in order to make the products and services to the desired level and in most cases, it involves rectifying the process to ensure that future items conform to the standards (Nederpelt, 2012).
ii. Why QM is needed
Custome ...
Quality movement is having its importance in every field of our life. Quality is expected in every product & service sector. The quality-related different terms are discussed in this presentation. Definition of quality, TQM, quality assurance, quality control, quality improvement & quality enhancement-all these words are having their own specific meanings. All these things are discussed in the given presentation.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Almost all executives claim that they manage quality, but yet the need for corrective actions continues to grow.
Imagine if we lived in a world where preventive actions are enough to have the desired products and services,
and that spending for corrections would be unnecessary. Imagine if organizations didn’t have to spend money
to improve their mistakes. Unfortunately, they do, and they call it the cost of quality.
A quality management system (QMS) is defined as a formalized system that documents processes, procedures, and responsibilities for achieving quality policies and objectives.
A QMS helps coordinate and direct an organization’s activities to meet customer and regulatory requirements and improve its effectiveness and efficiency on a continuous basis.
This refers to the organization structure, responsibility, procedures, processes and resources needed to implement a comprehensive quality management programme.
It comprises of collective policies, plans, practices and the supporting infrastructure by which an organization aims to reduce and eventually eliminate non-conformance to specifications, standards and customer expectations in the most cost effective and efficient manner.
What is quality? quality is a The ongoing process of building and sustaining relationships by assessing, anticipating, and fulfilling stated and implied needs.
Running Head SERVICE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT .docxtoltonkendal
Running Head: SERVICE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT 1
Service Quality Improvement
Ryan Magana
BUS 642 Business Research Methods & Tools
Ashish Godbole
January 15, 2018
- 1 -
[no notes on this page]
SERVICE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT 2
Service Quality Improvement
Introduction
Service quality management plays critical roles in the general management and the overall
success of the business organizations. Provision of customer-centered services is at the heart of
satisfaction of the business customers which has positive impact on the profitability of the
business enterprise. Due to the current dynamics in the market demands, customers’ tastes and
preferences form the basis under which the provision of services should be anchored on. In other
words, service quality management aims at aligning the organization goals and the satisfaction of
the customers in the long-run profitability and sustainability. Therefore, this research paper will
discuss how business enterprises can put in place measures that help in the enhancement of
quality management systems (Goetsch & Davis , 2014).
Background Information
Quality management is one of the most common organizational philosophy that functions
to promote the long-term success and sustainability of an organization as a result of customer
satisfaction. This is only possible through the establishment of effective quality management
systems as well as processes which are able to continuously improve the quality and economic
values of goods and services provided by the business enterprise (Goetsch & Davis , 2014).
Additionally, the quality management also significantly improve customer experience as far as
the provision of goods and services are concerned. This is particularly important in maintaining
brand loyalty. Similarly, the improvement of customer experience also helps in countering the
impact of stiff competition from the rival firms. Normally, the formation of processes for
successful quality improvement in an enterprise is focused on: continuous improvement,
- 2 -
[no notes on this page]
SERVICE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT 3
managerial involvement, customer satisfaction, measurability and recording of quality, and
organizational support (Goetsch & Davis , 2014).
The Management Dilemma
The most common form of ethical dilemma facing the management of most business
enterprises; is the decision to choose between provision of high quality goods and services and
the incurring increased spending on quality improvements. There has been constant challenge
resulting from spending more on quality improvement such as liquidity cr ...
Running head QUALITY TRAINING MANUAL .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: QUALITY TRAINING MANUAL 1
Quality Training Manual 13
Quality Training Manual
Felicia Jones
12/06/2016
Table of Contents
Evolution of quality management 3
Introduction 3
i. History of the quality management evolution 3
ii. Why QM is needed 4
Week 2: The Role of Leadership 5
Senior management's role in successful quality improvement programs 5
Senior management’s role in the large-scale strategic quality programs 5
Why firms should adopt the roles 5
How management should derive the metrics 6
Week 3: General Quality Strategies and Tools 7
i. Establishing customer expectations 7
ii. Designing quality in 7
iii. Defining metrics 7
iv. Mistake-proofing 7
v. Kaizen 7
vi. Six Sigma 7
Week 4: Quality Tactics and the Logistics and Supply Chain Functions 8
i. What tools are applicable internally 8
ii. What tools are applicable externally with vendors 8
Part 2: Week 5: Roll-Out 9
i. A communication plan 9
ii. Recommended sequence of steps to get personnel trained 9
iii. Stakeholders on board (e.g., the vendor base, trucking companies, warehouse personnel) 9
References 10
Evolution of quality managementIntroduction
i. History of the quality management evolution
Total quality management was started by Naval Air Systems Command in an attempt to describe the Japanese-style management approach to improving quality. Before TQM, japan would produce products that were imitations of other products but after the inception of the same, they set new standards to the production process (Nederpelt, 2012). The rest of the world soon followed the steps of japan in their processes, product and organizational production factors. The quality management as we know it today was pioneered by some of the industrial developers such as Deming, Dodge and Romin. It is definition and application occurs in the analysis of quantitative and qualitative processes, processes and economic theories. When it started back in the mid age, the focus was all about the end product but nowadays, it has evolved to include the services offered (Littlefield & Roberts, 2012).
Quality management process basically involves four main components that need to be adhered to in order to make the process successful. They include the quality planning which is the first step and includes preparing the measuring standards and desired output quality. The other steps are the quality assurance and quality control which involves measuring the actual product and comparing it with the standards put in place. Quality improvement is the last stage and involves the reconciliation of the deviations in order to make the products and services to the desired level and in most cases, it involves rectifying the process to ensure that future items conform to the standards (Nederpelt, 2012).
ii. Why QM is needed
Custome ...
Quality movement is having its importance in every field of our life. Quality is expected in every product & service sector. The quality-related different terms are discussed in this presentation. Definition of quality, TQM, quality assurance, quality control, quality improvement & quality enhancement-all these words are having their own specific meanings. All these things are discussed in the given presentation.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
2. Quality can be defined as the degree of excellence or
superiority of a product, service, or process, which meets
or exceeds the expectations and requirements of
customers. It refers to the attributes, features, and
characteristics that make a product or service reliable,
consistent, safe, efficient, and effective.
Quality can also be described as the ability of a product
or service to satisfy the needs and preferences of
customers, while also adhering to the industry standards,
regulations, and best practices
Quality
3. Quality can also be described as the ability of
a product or service to satisfy the needs and
preferences of customers, while also adhering
to the industry standards, rgulations, and best
practices.
quality is a measure of how well a product or
service meets the needs of its intended
audience and performs its intended function.
4. Refer To book
Definitions by different Scholars
5. Quality costs more but lack of quality costs even
more.
Quality is the means of achieving project success
Quality in engineering is defined by specifications
Process quality is more than product quality
Quality is planned
Some Facts on Quality
8. MARKET
Market for the product must exist before quality of the product is
emphasized by management. It is useless to talk about the quality
when the market for the product is lacking. For example, there is
no demand for woolen garments in the hot climates
MEN
Quality of a product services or project requires human resources
with different specialization, Skills and expertise, Employee
engagement and motivation, Communication and teamwork,
training and development.
MANAGEMENT
Quality control and maintenance programmes should have the
support from top management. If the management is quality
conscious rather than merely quantity conscious, organisation can
maintain adequate quality of products.
9. MONEY
Money can have both positive and negative effects on quality, depending
on how it is managed and utilized.
On one hand, having sufficient financial resources can enable organizations
to invest in higher-quality materials, equipment, training, and processes.
This can lead to products and services that are more reliable, efficient, and
effective, which can enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty.
On the other hand, focusing solely on cost-cutting measures and
maximizing profits can lead to lower-quality products and services. For
example, organizations may use cheaper, subpar materials or equipment
to save money, which can lead to defects, malfunctions, and customer
complaints.
Motivation
Motivation can have a significant impact on the quality of work that
employees produce. Motivated employee or workers are more likely
to pay attention to detail of work, solve the problem, innovate new
ideas in the site, produce consistent and reliable work and reduce
errors and defects that ensures higher quality
10. MATERIALS
Selection of proper materials to meet the desired tolerance limit is also an
important consideration. Quality attributes like, surface finish, strength, diameter
etc., can be obtained by proper selection of material. In addition to that the
durability, performance ability, appearance factor, safety criteria, and the
customers or users satisfaction should be meet by materials to ensure overall
project or product quality.
Machines and Mechanization
Highly advanced machines and equipments should be used in order to mechanize
many operations in the factories , labs or site to obtain high quality of the product
, services or projects.
Machines and Mechanization
Modern information methods, such as data analytics, artificial intelligence, and
automation, can have a significant impact on the quality of products or services.
This methods helps in Improved decision-making, Real-time monitoring and
feedback, Predictive maintenance of machinery, Process optimization,
Personalization of products
11.
12. QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Process of ensuring that products or services consistently meet or exceed
customer expectations. It involves a series of activities aimed at achieving and
maintaining a high level of quality, from product design to customer service.
KEY COMPONENTS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Quality planning: This involves setting quality objectives and establishing a
plan to achieve them. This includes identifying customer needs and
expectations, defining quality standards, and developing a plan to meet
those standards.
Quality control: This involves monitoring and inspecting products or
services to ensure that they meet the established quality standards. This
includes identifying defects, analyzing the root cause of the problem, and
taking corrective action to prevent similar problems in the future.
Quality assurance: This involves the establishment of systems and
procedures to ensure that quality standards are consistently met. This
includes setting up quality management systems, conducting audits to
ensure compliance with standards, and providing training to employees
on quality-related topics. “It is a part of quality management focused on
providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled.”
13. Continuous improvement: This involves continually assessing and improving
quality management systems and processes. This includes using customer feedback
to identify areas for improvement, implementing new technologies or techniques
to improve quality, and benchmarking against industry standards to identify
opportunities for improvement.
Employee involvement: Quality management involves the active involvement
of employees at all levels of the organization. This includes providing training and
resources to enable employees to participate in quality improvement initiatives and
recognizing and rewarding employees for their contributions to quality
improvement.
Overall, quality management is essential to ensure that products or services
consistently meet or exceed customer expectations. It involves a combination of
planning, control, assurance, continuous improvement, and employee involvement to
achieve and maintain high levels of quality.
14.
15. QUALITY CONTROL VS QUALITY
ASSURANCE
Quality Assurance (QA) Quality Control (QC)
It is a procedure that focuses on providing
assurance that quality requested will be
achieved
It is a procedure that focuses on fulfilling
the quality requested.
QA aims to prevent the defect QC aims to identify and fix defects
It is a method to manage the quality-
Verification
It is a method to verify the quality-
Validation
It does not involve executing the program It always involves executing a program
It’s a Preventive technique It’s a Corrective technique
16. In order to meet the customer
requirements, QA defines standards and
methodologies
QC confirms that the standards are
followed while working on the product
It is performed before Quality Control
It is performed only after QA activity is
done
Its main motive is to prevent defects in the
system. It is a less time-consuming activity
Its main motive is to identify defects or
bugs in the system. It is a more time-
consuming activity
QA ensures that everything is executed in
the right way, and that is why it falls under
verification activity
QC ensures that whatever we have done is
as per the requirement, and that is why it
falls under validation activity
It requires the involvement of the whole
team
It requires the involvement of the Testing
team
The statistical technique applied on QA is
known as SPC or Statistical Process Control
(SPC)
The statistical technique applied to QC is
known as SQC or Statistical Quality Control
17. Quality Plan
Its a comprehensive document or set of documents that outlines the
specific quality assurance and quality control procedures that an
organization will follow to ensure that its products, services, or
processes meet the required standards of quality.
Provides a roadmap for all aspects of the quality management
system, including defining quality objectives, identifying quality
responsibilities, establishing procedures for monitoring and
measuring quality performance, specifying methods for corrective
and preventive actions, and outlining how the quality system will be
audited and reviewed for continuous improvement
Some Extra terminology on Quality
Control
18. Quality Circle
A quality circle is a small group of employees who work together
to identify and solve work-related problems, improve quality,
and increase productivity.
The group typically consists of 5-10 members who come from
different departments or work areas within an organization.
The members of a quality circle meet on a regular basis to
analyze and solve work-related issues using various problem-
solving techniques, such as brainstorming, cause-and-effect
analysis, and statistical process control.
First developed in Japan during 1960 AD
19. Quality management tools are techniques, methods, or
processes used to support and improve the management of
quality within an organization. These tools are designed to
help organizations identify, analyze, and solve quality-related
issues, and to implement effective quality management
systems
Quality Management Tools
20. Flowcharts: A graphical representation of a process that shows the flow of materials, information, and
actions.
Histograms: A graphical representation of data that shows the frequency distribution of a set of
measurements or observations.
Pareto charts: A graphical tool that ranks the causes of problems or defects in order of importance.
Cause-and-effect diagrams: A tool that helps to identify the root cause of a problem by
breaking it down into its component parts.
Checklists: A list of items that need to be checked or verified to ensure that a process or product
meets the required standards of quality.
Statistical process control (SPC): A set of statistical techniques used to monitor and
control a process to ensure that it remains within the required limits of quality.
Six Sigma: A data-driven methodology used to improve quality by reducing the number of defects in
a process.
Total Quality Management (TQM): A management approach that focuses on continuous
improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement in the quality management process.
These tools can be used in a variety of settings, including manufacturing, healthcare, education, and service
industries, to improve quality, increase efficiency, and reduce costs.
21. Quality cost refers to the total cost incurred by an organization in ensuring that
its products or services meet the required standards of quality. Quality cost
includes all the expenses associated with prevention, appraisal, and failure of
quality.
The three main parts of quality cost are:
Prevention costs: These are costs incurred to prevent defects from occurring in
the first place. Examples of prevention costs include employee training, process
improvements, quality planning, and supplier evaluations.
Appraisal costs: These are costs incurred to assess the quality of products or
services. Examples of appraisal costs include inspection, testing, audits, and
calibration of equipment.
Failure costs: These are costs incurred as a result of quality failures. Failure costs
are further divided into two categories:
i) Internal failure costs: These are costs incurred as a result of defects
found before the product or service is delivered to the customer.
Examples of internal failure costs include rework, scrap, and machine
downtime.
iI) External failure costs: These are costs incurred as a result of defects
found after the product or service is delivered to the customer. Examples
of external failure costs include customer complaints, product recalls,
warranty claims, and lost business.
Quality Cost