The document discusses quality assurance and quality control. Quality assurance is a proactive process that focuses on processes and preventing defects by understanding requirements upfront and developing plans to meet them. Quality control is reactive and focuses on operational activities like inspection and testing to identify defects and ensure deliverables meet requirements. The quality control process receives input from quality assurance, and if defects are found during quality control, quality assurance will investigate and implement corrective actions to prevent reoccurrence.

1. The Quality
Prepared by
Arch. Saad Al Jabri

2. What is Quality?
Quality is: “meeting the requirements of the
customer”.
There is a common conflict in understanding
Quality Assurance QA and Quality Control QC

3. Quality Assurance QA
Assure the quality of the product, service or result.
Assurance is making sure that product comes out
of defect free and confirms to stated
requirements.
QA prime objective is to prevent defects in
deliverables to avoid the rework, which cost a lot.

4. Quality Assurance QA
• It is a proactive process,
• is a process based approach,
• starts at the beginning of the project to
understand the product’s stated and non-stated
requirements and expectations,
• then develops the plan to meet these
requirements and expectations.

5. QA examples
• Quality audit
• training,
• process definition,
• selection of control tools (e.g. Affinity Diagrams,
periodization matrices)

6. Quality Control QA
is concerned with the operational activities and
techniques that are used to fulfill the requirements
of quality.
The quality control process includes the activities
which ensure a high quality product. These
activities focus on identifying defects in the actual
product being produced.

7. Quality Control QA
Quality control functions start once the project
work has begun. Quality control is a reactive
approach and helps you find defects in
deliverables.
QC objective is to make sure that the deliverables
are defect free and acceptable as per the quality
requirements set in the quality assurance process.
If the deliverables are not found as per the
requirements, a suitable corrective action will
be taken.

8. QC examples
• Inspection,
• product testing,
• Statistical sampling,
• 7 QTs (e.g. Flowcharting, check sheets, control
chart)

9. QA & QC
The quality control process receives input from the
quality assurance process

10. QA & QC
• if the project team finds any defect
during the project execution,
• they will correct the error and the
feedback will be sent to the QA team.
• The QA team will investigate the cause of
this error and they will take a corrective
and/or preventive action in the process
so that this error should never happen
again in the future.
• once the process is updated, the QC team
will follow the process defined by the QA
team so that the defect does not recur.

11. QA vs. QC
Quality Assurance Quality Control
Preventive process Corrective process
Focus on processes, how things are
made or delivered
Focus on outputs, work in progress
and finished goods
Focus on building in quality Focus on testing for quality
Preventing defects Detecting defects
Assure we are doing the right thing,
the right way
Makes sure the result of what we’ve
done are what we expected
Targeted at the whole organization Targeted at production activities
Proactive process Reactive process