PPT On Steam Condenser
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Steam condenser is needed in steam turbine power plants to achieve very low exhaust temperatures, which maximizes thermodynamic efficiency. A condenser uses a vacuum and cooling water to condense steam into water after it expands through the turbine. This allows the steam to exhaust at pressures as low as 0.01 bar, corresponding to temperatures around 7 degrees C, much lower than the 100 degrees C that would occur at atmospheric pressure. Introducing a condenser allows the power plant to maintain a high temperature during heat addition in the boiler and a very low temperature during heat rejection, optimizing the Carnot cycle.
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Selection and Design of Condensers
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 CHOICE OF COOLANT
5 LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
5.1 Distillation Column Condensers
5.2 Other Process Condensers
6 CONTROL
6.1 Distillation Columns
6.2 Water Cooled Condensers
6.3 Refrigerant Condensers
7 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
7.1 Heat Transfer Resistances
7.2 Pressure Drop
7.3 Handling of Inerts
7.4 Vapor Inlet Design
7.5 Drainage of Condensate
8 SUMMARY OF TYPES AVAILABLE
8.1 Direct Contact Condensers
8.2 Shell and Tube Exchangers
8.3 Air Cooled Heat Exchangers
8.4 Spiral Plate Heat Exchangers
8.5 Internal Condensers
8.6 Plate Heat Exchangers
8.7 Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers
8.8 Other Compact Designs
9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
FIGURES
1 DIRECT CONTACT CONDENSER WITH INDIRECT COOLER FOR RECYCLED CONDENSATE
2 SPRAY CONDENSER
3 TRAY TYPE CONDENSER
4 THREE PASS TUBE SIDE CONDENSER WITH INTERPASS LUTING FOR CONDENSATE DRAINAGE
5 CROSS FLOW CONDENSER WITH SINGLE PASS COOLANT
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Subject-APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS
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The demand of power is increasing exponentially results in installation of new stations whereas the sources of water are depreciating acutely. In future there may be a situation in which water sources may not cope up with this requirement.
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PPT On Steam Condenser
- 1. Steam condenser By :- lowell harbert
- 2. Steam condensor Key points :- *Latent heat does not change the temperature. *Sensible heat changes the temprature of the System. sensible heat Water saturated liq. specific pressure
- 3. • latent heat Satu. Liq . Satu. vapour specific pressure heat Satu. Vapour super heated steam
- 5. Condenser
- 6. Power plant
- 7. • At every pressure there corresponds a temperature at which any fluid starts boiling is known as fluid`s boiling point. • From steam table:- * pressure * satu. Temp 1 bar 100 c 0.5 bar 81.3 c 0.1 bar 45.8 c 0.05 bar 32.9 c 0.01 bar 7 c
- 8. Q . Why condenser is needed in steam turbine power plant? Boiler turbine feed pump condenser Steam turbine power plant
- 9. What happen when there is no condenser? Ans. If there is no condensor then steam will exhaust at atmospheric pressure . It means we can achieve 100c temperature at exhaust or during heat rejection. * Any thermodynamic cycle can have maximum Efficiency only when there is high temperature during heat addition and very low temprature during heat rejection.
- 10. *For achieving very low temperature at exhaust *We introduced condensor. *There is a vacuum which is maintained in the steam Condensor by vacuum pump . *Steam expands to very low sub atmospheric pressure i.e. (0.1 - 0.04 bar). *After expansion we get very low temprature correspond to condensor pressure or back pressure or exhaust pressure.
- 11. *It should be noted that after expansion dryness fraction should not be less than 85%. *Ultimately we can say that condensor provide very low atmospheric pressure at exhaust of turbine.
- 12. *Now question arises up to what level we can drop the pressure of condensor or what are the restrictions ? *Again answer lies in thermodynamical aspect *It is totally depends upon the temprature o cooling water which is introducing in Condenser to condense the steam. *Suppose the pressure in condensor is maintained at (0.01bar) it means we can only achieve 7c after expansion , but we introducing cooling water of 27c from atmosphere to
- 13. Condense the steam ,then it will be a reverse heat transfer from cooling water to exhaust steam. 7c steam Cooling water at 27c Hot water out InOut
- 14. Que. What happen when super heated fluid is passed through a condenser? Ans. Firstly its temprature is droped down ,then it`s phase changes. *Application of condenser in air refrigeration system:- Consider air is at 1 bar pressure having boiling point 4c, But it is present in atmosphere of 32c it means it is in super heated condition.
- 15. Now if air is compressed isentropically up to 10 bar then it`s temperature will reached to 110c , then if it is passed through condensor then it`s pressure will not drop down but it`s temprature will drop down to 35c , and then it is expand in turbine (expander) then we can achieve temprature around (-5 to -6 c ) . This is the principle of air refrigeration system. And it is used in aeroplanes. it is very low cost process.