BAROMETRIC JET CONDENSER
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The document discusses barometric jet condensers. It describes how barometric jet condensers work by directly mixing cooling water and steam for condensation. Vapors entering the top of the condenser are condensed by water from spray nozzles, while non-condensables are drawn into the tailpiece and discharged through the bottom with the condensing water. Barometric jet condensers are commonly used in various industries to remove vapors where large capacities are required and fluctuations in temperature or steam loads occur.
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designed by Arghya & Kartik.
this explains the specifications of refrigeration units like Compressor, Condenser, Expansion Valves and Evaporators.their specification and working.
Even advantages of ammonia has been explained.
Howden Group - petrochemical products
Howden is an engineering company that designs and manufactures compressed air and gas handling equipment including centrifugal compressors, diaphragm compressors, fans, and aftermarket services. They provide engineered systems using various compressor technologies for industries such as petrochemical, oil and gas, power generation, and others. Howden also offers aftermarket services including repairs, maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting to support customers.
Wcfx r134a - hermatic screw chiller
The document provides information about Dunham-Bush WCFX water-cooled rotary screw water chillers. It summarizes their key features and specifications, including:
- They are available in 23 models from 57 to 508 cooling tons.
- They use hermetic screw compressors in a vertical design for reliability.
- They have flooded evaporators and removable water-cooled condensers for easy serviceability.
- Advanced microcomputer controls monitor operations and protective functions.
SEED GERMINATION CHAMBER
As it is very well known that seed germinator is laboratory equipment which is used for the Germination of Seeds. Weiber Seed Germinators provides suitable varying atmospheric conditions for the seed germination; that can be created within the chambers without the need of going outside.
IRJET-Multi Functional Compressor
This document describes the design of a multi-functional compressor system that can perform the functions of air conditioning, water cooling, and refrigeration simultaneously using a single compressor. The system aims to reduce energy consumption compared to separate systems for each function. It discusses the components and working principles of the system. The design details of the evaporator, condenser, and compressor are provided. The system offers benefits like lower power consumption, lower installation costs, and reduced space requirements compared to separate air conditioning, water cooling, and refrigeration systems. However, it is noted that the system has a lower capacity than large-scale industrial systems.
Chiller Plant-EN - Catalogue
Körting steam jet chilling plants use water as a refrigerant and provide environmentally-friendly operation with high operational safety and minimal maintenance needs. They utilize unused steam to power a jet vacuum ejector that cools liquid through flash evaporation without mechanical components. Applications include large chilling capacities over 1 MW for processes with excess steam. Multi-stage designs further reduce steam and water usage to lower costs.
Chiller Plant-EN - Catalogue
Körting steam jet chilling plants use water as a refrigerant and provide environmentally-friendly operation with high operational safety and minimal maintenance needs. They utilize unused steam to power a jet vacuum ejector that cools liquid through flash evaporation without mechanical components. Applications include large chilling capacities over 1 MW for processes with excess steam. Multi-stage designs further reduce steam and water usage to lower costs.
Seed germination-chamber
This document describes a seed germination chamber manufactured by Technocracy Pvt. Ltd. The chamber controls temperature, humidity, and light to provide optimal conditions for seed germination. It has a double-walled stainless steel interior and exterior with polyurethane foam insulation. Temperature is controlled between 5-60 degrees Celsius using heaters and refrigeration, while humidity is maintained between 90-96% using a steam humidifier. The chamber is designed for germinating seeds as well as other applications requiring environmental control like plant, tissue, and microorganism testing.
Experimental Investigation & Performance of VCRS system by using Air cooled C...
This document experimentally investigates the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) using an air-cooled condenser versus a water-cooled condenser. The study builds and tests a VCRS setup with both condenser types. Results show that using a water-cooled condenser improves the system's coefficient of performance (COP) by around 25% over an air-cooled condenser, due to better heat transfer. The water-cooled condenser provides more efficient cooling of the compressed refrigerant compared to air-cooling.
Cs31411414
This document summarizes a review paper on the performance of air-cooled condensers under various atmospheric conditions. It discusses how the performance of air-cooled condensers degrades under high ambient temperatures and windy conditions due to reduced heat rejection. Various techniques are explored to improve performance, such as using a hybrid dry/wet dephlegmator at high temperatures, shading from solar radiation, installing wind walls, increasing fan speed, and cleaning fins. Changing the tube geometry from circular to flat tubes inclined at an angle can also enhance heat transfer rates.
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ALKADIENES
Alkadienes are hydrocarbons that contain two carbon-carbon double bonds. They can be classified based on the location and relationship of the double bonds as cumulated, conjugated, or isolated. Cumulated dienes are reactive, while conjugated dienes have similar physical and chemical properties to alkenes. Isolated dienes behave similarly to monoolefins. Alkadienes are used in the production of tires and plastics. Exposure safety hazards include possible cancer risks from inhalation or skin contact. Symptoms from inhalation include respiratory irritation and effects on the central nervous system. Skin or eye contact may cause burns or irritation.
FLOATATION REAGENTS
Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a water treatment process that clarifies wastewaters by removing suspended matter such as oil or solids. This is achieved by dissolving air into the water under pressure and releasing it, causing air bubbles to adhere to suspended particles and causing them to float. DAF is widely used to treat industrial wastewater from facilities like oil refineries, chemical plants, and paper mills. A similar process called induced gas flotation is also used for wastewater treatment. In the mineral processing industry, froth flotation is commonly used to separate minerals.
GALLIUM
Gallium was first predicted in 1871 and discovered in 1875. It is extracted as a byproduct of aluminum and zinc production from bauxite and sphalerite ores. Gallium does not exist freely in nature. It has a low melting point slightly above room temperature and is used in integrated circuits, LEDs, solar panels, medical thermometers, and mirrors due to its semiconductor and alloying properties.
TROMMEL SCREEN
Trommel screens consist of a drum, frame, hopper, reducer, and motor. Broken stone is fed into the rotating drum where larger materials move forward and are separated by screens of different mesh sizes into different hoppers. The separated materials are then sent to individual product stacks by conveyor or manually depending on size specifications, with anything larger than the last screen mesh discharged from the outlet. Trommel screens operate slowly and steadily for simple classification of materials like refractories, coal, sand and mixtures in a process requiring minimal specialized installation.
JAW CRUSHER
Jaw crushers are primarily used for coarse and medium crushing of materials in mining, construction, and other industries. They use compressive force from two jaws, one stationary and one that reciprocates, to crush particles in the crushing chamber. Jaw crushers come in different sizes depending on the width of their feeding mechanism and can be used for simple crushing needs with reliable operation and easy maintenance.
GRAVITY THICKENER
Gravity thickeners use sedimentation to concentrate sludge through the settling of solids. Flocculant is added to the feedwell to cause fine particles to bind together and settle rapidly. Rake arms slowly rotate to push settled solids towards the deflector cone, from which concentrated underflow is pumped out. Clear overflow is discharged from the top of the thickener.
AIR CLASSIFIER
Air classification is a process that uses a double cone air classifier to modify the particle size distribution of dry powders according to end user requirements. The air classifier centrifugally separates coarse and fine particles by conveying material through rotating blades that create an airflow, with coarser particles accumulating in the central cone and finer particles transported out of the separator by the air. Air classifiers have a wide range of applications in industries that handle powders like paints, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and more.
Gravity thickener
Gravity thickeners use sedimentation to concentrate biosolids and produce a thickened sludge and relatively clear liquid. Solids separate from the liquid stream through gravity settling in large tanks. Common components include tanks, a drive system, rakes, and feedwells. Rakes slowly rotate to move settled solids towards a central deflector cone for removal as thickened underflow, while clarified liquid overflows the top of the tank. Flocculants are added to promote particle bonding and rapid settling.
Mining (1)
The document discusses various topics related to metallurgy and mining, including:
- A brief history of mining from the Stone Age to the Iron Age.
- Different types of mining such as surface mining (open-pit, strip, quarry, alluvial), underground mining (longwall, room and pillar, etc.), and ocean mining.
- Activities that take place before mining such as traditional prospecting using mules and modern prospecting using trained specialists and sophisticated equipment.
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Mining (2)
This document provides information about mining and mineral exploration. It begins with an introduction to mining and the materials recovered through mining such as metals, coal, salt, and diamonds. It then discusses the history of mining from the Stone Age to the Iron Age. Tables show production data for various countries and Philippine reserves of metallic and non-metallic ores. The document also covers topics like prospecting methods, geological guides for prospecting, exploration techniques, and equipment used for exploration such as gravimeters, scintillometers, and seismographs.
POTASSIUM
Potassium is a silvery-gray or silvery-white solid metal that has an atomic number of 19, a density of 0.862 g-cm3, and melts at 63.38°C and boils at 759°C; it oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts strongly with water. When burned, potassium produces a lilac colored flame. Common applications of potassium include using potassium chloride as a substitute for table salt, potassium bisulfate as a food preservative and in textile bleaching, potassium sodium tartrate as the main component of baking powder, potassium chlorate in matches and explosives, and formerly potassium bromide as a sedative and in photography.
Alkyl (powerpoint)
This document discusses alkyl halides, also known as haloalkanes. Alkyl halides are a class of compounds where halogen atoms are attached to a tetrahedral carbon atom. They have higher melting and boiling points than analogous alkanes and are insoluble in water. Alkyl halides can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on whether the halogen is attached to a carbon that has 1, 2, or 3 carbon neighbors.
SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
This document provides information about a shell and tube heat exchanger. It consists of a shell with a bundle of tubes inside it. Process streams flow through the tubes and are heated or cooled by another medium flowing on the outer shell side. Common applications include cooling hydraulic fluid, oil, and other mediums in engines and power systems. The simple design makes shell and tube heat exchangers suitable for a wide variety of industrial heating and cooling applications.
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This document provides information about azeotropic distillation prepared by Claire E. Canoy for their 2nd year Chemical Engineering Technology course. It defines azeotropic distillation as adding an entrainer component to a feed mixture to form a new azeotrope that can be separated into its components by distillation. The entrainer allows either the separation of a closely boiling pair or the separation of an azeotrope into its components. A diagram shows the process of mixing the feed and entrainer before distillation in two columns to separately remove the key components and recycle the entrainer.
ROTARY DRYER
The rotary dryer is a type of industrial dryer that reduces the moisture content of materials by bringing them into direct contact with heated gas. It consists of a cylindrical shell that rotates, allowing material to be fed in at one end and discharged at the lower end as it dries. As the dryer rotates, internal fins lift the material through a hot gas stream to evaporate moisture before it falls back to the bottom. Rotary dryers can dry a wide range of materials effectively and are commonly used in mineral processing to dry products like sands, limestone, ores, and coal.
WET COOLING TOWER
This document describes the process of how wet cooling towers function to transfer waste heat from industrial processes to the atmosphere. The warm water returns to the top of the cooling tower and trickles down over fill material, contacting an upward flow of ambient air induced by fans. This contact causes some of the water to evaporate, cooling the remaining water which is then ready to recirculate. Dissolved salts are left behind in the water, increasing its concentration, so blowdown removes some water to control the salt level while fresh makeup water is added to compensate for losses from evaporation, drift, and blowdown.
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BAROMETRIC JET CONDENSER
- 1. Barometric jet condenser UNIT OPERATION 3 P R E PA R E D B Y: C A N O Y, C L A I R E E . YR & SEC. : 2B2 -CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
- 2. JET CONDENSER ● A type of condenser in which we condense steam at constant temperature and pressure ● In jet condenser, we directly mix cooling water and steam for condensation.
- 3. Barometric jet condenser ●Barometric jet condenser is also called high level jet condenser ●This type has long vertical discharge which delivers condensate to the hot well without needing condensate extraction pump
- 4. Barometric jet condenser ● The Barometric Condenser is employed in a variety of industries as an economical means of removing air, exhaust steam, and other vapors from vacuum equipment. ●It has been used for decades in the food industry for processing edible oil, milk and other products- for nearly a century in sugar refining
- 5. Fig. 1. actual barometric jet condenser
- 7. OPERATION at the top are condensed by water from the spray nozzles.
- 8. OPERATION Non-condensables are drawn into the tail-piece of the condenser by the converging water stream from the jet nozzles.
- 9. OPERATION Condensing water and noncondensables are discharged through the tail pipe at the bottom.
- 10. APPLICATION ● Condensers are generally employed where large capacities are required and where wide fluctuations in water temperature or steam load occur.
- 11. APPLICATION ● They are used extensively in canneries, in sugar, milk, and other food plants; in pulp and paper mills, distilleries; petroleum refineries, and a wide variety of chemical and salt manufacturing companies.