The document describes the key components of a steam power plant, including: 1. The coal handling plant which includes unloading, conveying, and crushing coal. 2. The boiler, which uses water tubes or fire tubes to generate high pressure steam. 3. Turbines which convert the thermal energy of steam into rotational motion using impulse or reaction blades. 4. Condensers which cool the steam from the turbines before it returns to the boiler via feed pumps to repeat the Rankine cycle that powers the plant.

1. STEAM POWER PLANT

2. Layout of steam power plant

3. Working block diagram of thermal
power plant

4. 1. Coal handling plant.
2. Steam generating plant.
3. Turbine.
4. Water feeding arrangement.
5. Cooling arrangement.
6. Ash handling arrangement.

5. Coal Handling Plant
• 1.Unloading plant.
• 2. Conveying plant.
• 3.Crushing plant.(Coal size of 19 mm and
below passes and remaining goes to the
crusher)

6. Coal Handling Plant

7. Coal Handling Plant

9. Boiler
A boiler is a closed
vessel in which water
or other fluid is
heated. The heated or
vaporized fluid exits
the boiler for use in
various processes or
heating applications.
Two types,
a.Water tube boiler
b.Fire tube boiler

11. watertubeboiler
The water flow
through the tube and
the flow gases flow
outside the tube.

12. Firetubeboiler
n
e
The fire tube boiler i
which the flow gases
passes through the
tubes and water stor
out side the tube.
Engr. Md. Irteza Hossain
Faculty, BSME

13. BoilerAccessories
Air Pre heater
Air pre heater is a heat
recovery unit . An air pre
heater is used to recover
the heat from the exhaust
flue gas.

14. BoilerAccessories
Super-heater A
super-
heater is a
device used to
convert
saturated steam
or wet steam
into dry steam
used in steam
engines
Engr. Md. IrtezaHossain

15. BoilerAccessories
Economizer
An economizer is a device
used to heat the feed water and
heat the condensate from
turbines before it is pumped to
the boilers by utilizing the heat
exhaust
leaving
flue gasses
through
in the
before
chimney.
Fig: Layout of Economizer.

16. Boiler Accessories
Economizer
The first successful economizer
design was used to increase the
steam-raising efficiency of the
boilers of stationary steam
engines. It was patented by
Edward Green in 1845.
•Economizers are commonly used
as part of a heat recovery steam
generator in a combined cycle
power plant.
• A common application of
economizers in steam power plants
is to capture the waste heat from
boiler stack gases (flue gas) and
transfer it to the boiler feed water.
This raises the temperature of the
boiler feed water

17. Boiler Accessories
Re-heater

18. Boiler Accessories
Engr. Md. Irteza Hossain
Faculty, BSME
Re-heater
Re-heaters are the same as the super-heaters but the temperature of
it’s a little bite less than super-heaters and their pressure is 20%-
25% less than the super-heater,
It usually use to elevate the steam temperature. After expanding
through the high pressure turbine the exhaust steam is returned to the
boiler at 360 C and 42 bar pressure for reheating before being used in
the intermediate pressure turbine.
The re-heater reheats the steam from a temperature of 360 C back to
568 C.

19. Flue gas flow arrangement

22. I.D Fan
• Induced Draft:- A fan is used to extract the air
from boiler post combustion via (Electrostatic
Precipitator if present) to exhaust through the
chimney. This is called ID fan

23. Feed Water Treatment

24. Water treatment plant flow
Free from
original
turbidity(alum+
lime solution)
Free from
suspended
impurities
Take up all the
metallic cations of
the mineral sat and
relese hydrogen ion
or acidity
Romove
CO2 from
water
Make Free from all
the anionic
impurities
Mix of cation and
anion exchange resin

25. Water steam flow

28. Turbine
A turbine is a type of engine that can extract energy from a fluid,
such as water, steam, air, or combustion gases. It can be contrasted
with a piston engine which uses a piston instead of a turbine to
extract energy.
I.Steam turbine
II.Water turbine
III.Wind turbine
IV.Gas turbine
A rotor of a modern steam turbine, used
in a power plant
Engr. Md. Irteza Hossain
Faculty, BSME

29. Turbine
Engr. Md. Irteza Hossain
Faculty, BSME
A Steam Turbine is a
mechanical device that
extracts
thermal energy from
pressurized steam and
transforms it into
mechanical
work. Because the
turbine generates rotary
motion, it is particularly
suited to driving electrical
generators

32. Cross section view of turbines

33. Impulse turbine

36. Reaction turbine

38. Turbine
Types of steam
turbine
• Impulse turbine
• Reaction turbine
Engr. Md. Irteza Hossain
Faculty, BSME

40. Differences Between Impulse & Reaction Turbine

45. Steam Turbine Cycle
Thermodynamics Cycles
Gas Cycles Vapour Cycles
Working Fluid remains in Gaseous
Phase throughout the Cycle.
Working Fluid exists in Vapor
Phase during part of the Cycle, and
in liquid phase during remaining
part.
Engr. Md. Irteza Hossain
Faculty, BSME

46. COOLING TOWERS

66. Rankine Cycle
• Basic Cycle
• The Rankine cycle is the fundamental operating cycle of all power plants where an operating
fluid is continuously evaporated and condensed. The selection of operating fluid depends
mainly on the available temperature range. Figure 1 shows the idealized Rankine cycle.
• The pressure-enthalpy (p-h) and temperature-entropy (T-s) diagrams of this cycle are given
in Figure 2. The Rankine cycle operates in the following steps:
• 1-2-3 Isobaric Heat Transfer. High pressure liquid enters the boiler from the feed pump (1)
and is heated to the saturation temperature (2). Further addition of energy causes evaporation
of the liquid until it is fully converted to saturated steam (3).
• 3-4 Isentropic Expansion. The vapor is expanded in the turbine, thus producing work which
may be converted to electricity. In practice, the expansion is limited by the temperature of the
cooling medium and by the erosion of the turbine blades by liquid entrainment in the vapor
stream as the process moves further into the two-phase region. Exit vapor qualities should be
greater than 90%.
• 4-5 Isobaric Heat Rejection. The vapor-liquid mixture leaving the turbine (4) is condensed at
low pressure, usually in a surface condenser using cooling water. In well designed and
maintained condensers, the pressure of the vapor is well below atmospheric pressure,
approaching the saturation pressure of the operating fluid at the cooling water temperature.
• 5-1 Isentropic Compression. The pressure of the condensate is raised in the feed pump.
Because of the low specific volume of liquids, the pump work is relatively small and often
neglected in thermodynamic calculations.

73. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChvI2v85
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