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MATEMATIKA DASAR
PRODI S1 TEKNIK SIPIL
UNIVERSITAS TADULAKO
ASWAR AMIRUDDIN, ST.,
MT.
PERTEMUAN 3
 Fungsi dan Grafiknya
 Operasi Pada Fungsi
 Fungsi trigonometri
FUNGSI
Fungsi f adalah suatu aturan yang memetakan/mengawankan setiap
𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (anggota dari himpunan A) dengan tepat “satu” 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (anggota
himpunan B).
Dapat dituliskan :
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
Beberapa istilah pada fungsi :
Himpunan A merupakan daerah asal (domain) 𝐷𝑓
Himpunan B (kodomain) yang merupakan derah kawan,
sedangkan himpunan semua anggota B yang memiliki pasangan
disebut daerah hasil dari fungsi atau range 𝑅𝑓.
FUNGSI
Fungsi tidak membolehkan objek dalam daerah asal
dipasangkan lebih dari satu pada daerah hasil.
Notasi Fungsi :
Untuk memberi nama Fungsi
digunakanan Sebuah huruf tunggal
f (atau g atau F )
maka f(x) DIBACA
“f dari x” ATAU “f pada x “
Bukan Fungsi
Fungsi
Bukan fungsi, sebab ada elemen A yang
mempunyai 2 kawan.
Bukan fungsi, sebab ada elemen A yang
tidak mempunyai kawan.
A B
FUNGSI
Notasi fungsi Untuk menyatakan bahwa fungsi f mengawankan anggota-anggota
himpunan A terhadap anggota-anggota B,
f : A B
f : x 2x dibaca f mengawankan x terhadap 2x.
f : x x2+3x+5 dibaca f mengawankan x terhadap x2+3x+5.
Rumus fungsi
f(x)=2x
f(x)=x2+3x+5
f(x) = y
x disebut variabel independent, dan y disebut variabel dependent.
Perhatikan gambar di atas
Himpunan A = {1,2,3,4} dan Himpunan B = {1,2,3,5,6,7}, suatu fungsi
yang memetakan 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 ditentukan oleh f(x) = 2x – 1, maka daerah
hasil atau range dari himpunan di atas dapat dinyatakan dalam :
2(1) – 1 = 1 ; 2(2) – 1 = 3 ; 2(3) – 1 = 5 ; 2(4) – 1 = 7
𝑅𝑓 = {1,3,5,7}
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
5
6
7
A B
DOMAIN DAN RANGE
DOMAIN DAN RANGE
Tentukan domain dan range dari 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2
Fungsi di atas tidak terdefinisi (tidak memberikan nilai real) jika x-
2<0 atau x<2
Artinya, fungsi f terdefinisi jika x≥2
Dengan demikian, 𝐷𝑓 = [2, ∞)= 𝑥 𝑥 ≥ 2, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
Untuk 𝑥 ≥ 2, diperoleh 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0
Sehingga 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0
Dengan demikian, 𝑅𝑓 = [0, ∞)= 𝑥 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
Contoh :
Jika 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥3
− 4, maka
Untuk x = 2,
f (2) = (2)3-4 = …
Untuk x = -1,
f (-1)= (-1)3-4 = …
Aturan
Daerah Asal
Daerah Hasil
Latihan Soal
Untuk f(x) = x2 – 2x, cari dan sederhanakan:
a. f(4)
b. f(4 + h)
c. f(4 + h) – f(4)
JENIS FUNGSI:
Jenis Fungsi :
Fungsi konstan: f(x) = C,
Fungsi linear : f(x) = ax + b
Fungsi kuadrat : f(x) = ax2 +bx + c
Fungsi eksponensial : f(x) = ex
Fungsi logaritma : f(x) = log x
FUNGSI KOMPOSISI
Diberikan fungsi f(x) dan g(x), komposisi fungsi
antara f(x) dan g(x) ditulis (f 𝜊 g)(x) = f(g(x))
Domain dari (f 𝜊 g)(x) adalah himpunan semua
bilangan x dengan domain g(x) sehingga g(x) di
dalam Df
FUNGSI KOMPOSISI
Contoh:
Jika f(x) = x2–2x dan g(x) = x – 1, tentukan (g o f)(x) dan (f o g)(x)
GRAFIK FUNGSI
Cara menggambar grafik fungsi yang baik
adalah dengan membuat tabel nilai-nilai
sehingga diperoleh pasangan nilai dari
peubah fungsi yang mewakili suatu titik.
Untuk menggambar garis lurus diperlukan
dua titik, untuk menggambar fungsi kuadrat
minimal dibutuhkan tiga titik.Misal, gambar
grafik fungsi f(x)=x+1 sebagai berikut.
Fungsi Konstan
Definisi
f : x C dengan C konstan disebut
fungsi konstan (tetap). Fungsi f
mengawankan setiap bilangan real
dengan C.
Contoh 4.6
Fungsi f(x) = 3
Fungsi Linear
Definisi
Fungsi pada bilangan real
yang didefinisikan f(x) = ax +
b, a dan b konstan dengan a ≠
0
Contoh 4.7
Gambarlah grafik fungsi y = 2x + 3
Dengan menentukan titik-titik potong dengan sumbu-x dan sumbu-y
y = 2x + 3
Titik potong grafik dengan sumbu-x :
y = 0 : 0 = 2x + 3
-2x = 3
x = -
3
2
sehingga titik potong grafik dengan sumbu x adalah −
3
2
, 0
Titik potong grafik dengan sumbu-y :
X = 0 : y = 2x + 3
y = 2.0 + 3
y = 0 + 3
y = 3
Sehingga titik potong grafik dengan sumbu-y adalah (0,3)
Fungsi Kuadrat
Definisi
Bentuk umum fungsi kuadrat adalah y = ax2+bx+c dengan a, b, c ∈ R dan a≠0
Grafik fungsi kuadrat juga sering disebut fungsi parabola. Jika a > 0, parabola terbuka ke
atas sehingga mempunyai titik balik minimum, dan jika a < 0 parabola terbuka ke bawah
sehingga mempunyai titik balik maksimum.
OPERASI FUNGSI
Jika f dan g dua fungsi maka jumlah f + g, selisih f – g, hasil kali fg,
hasil bagi f/g dan perpangkatan fn adalah fungsi-fungsi dengan
daerah asal berupa irisan dari daerah asal f dan daerah asal g, dan
dirumuskan sebagai berikut.
(f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x)
(f – g)(x) = f (x) – g(x)
(f x g)(x) = f (x) x g(x)
(f / g)(x) = f (x) / g(x) asalkan g(x) ≠ 0
TUGAS
1. Untuk f(x) = x2+x dan g(x) = 2(x+1), carilah:
a. (f + g)(2)
b. (f - g)(2)
c. (f /g)(1)
d. (f∘g)(1)
e. (g∘f)(1)
FUNGSI TRIGONOMETRI
Pertemuan Selanjutnya :
 Limit fungsi di satu titik
 Teorema Limit

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Pertemuan 3

  • 1. MATEMATIKA DASAR PRODI S1 TEKNIK SIPIL UNIVERSITAS TADULAKO ASWAR AMIRUDDIN, ST., MT.
  • 2. PERTEMUAN 3  Fungsi dan Grafiknya  Operasi Pada Fungsi  Fungsi trigonometri
  • 3. FUNGSI Fungsi f adalah suatu aturan yang memetakan/mengawankan setiap 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (anggota dari himpunan A) dengan tepat “satu” 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (anggota himpunan B). Dapat dituliskan : 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) Beberapa istilah pada fungsi : Himpunan A merupakan daerah asal (domain) 𝐷𝑓 Himpunan B (kodomain) yang merupakan derah kawan, sedangkan himpunan semua anggota B yang memiliki pasangan disebut daerah hasil dari fungsi atau range 𝑅𝑓.
  • 4. FUNGSI Fungsi tidak membolehkan objek dalam daerah asal dipasangkan lebih dari satu pada daerah hasil. Notasi Fungsi : Untuk memberi nama Fungsi digunakanan Sebuah huruf tunggal f (atau g atau F ) maka f(x) DIBACA “f dari x” ATAU “f pada x “ Bukan Fungsi
  • 5. Fungsi Bukan fungsi, sebab ada elemen A yang mempunyai 2 kawan. Bukan fungsi, sebab ada elemen A yang tidak mempunyai kawan. A B FUNGSI
  • 6. Notasi fungsi Untuk menyatakan bahwa fungsi f mengawankan anggota-anggota himpunan A terhadap anggota-anggota B, f : A B f : x 2x dibaca f mengawankan x terhadap 2x. f : x x2+3x+5 dibaca f mengawankan x terhadap x2+3x+5. Rumus fungsi f(x)=2x f(x)=x2+3x+5 f(x) = y x disebut variabel independent, dan y disebut variabel dependent.
  • 7. Perhatikan gambar di atas Himpunan A = {1,2,3,4} dan Himpunan B = {1,2,3,5,6,7}, suatu fungsi yang memetakan 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 ditentukan oleh f(x) = 2x – 1, maka daerah hasil atau range dari himpunan di atas dapat dinyatakan dalam : 2(1) – 1 = 1 ; 2(2) – 1 = 3 ; 2(3) – 1 = 5 ; 2(4) – 1 = 7 𝑅𝑓 = {1,3,5,7} 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 5 6 7 A B DOMAIN DAN RANGE
  • 8. DOMAIN DAN RANGE Tentukan domain dan range dari 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2 Fungsi di atas tidak terdefinisi (tidak memberikan nilai real) jika x- 2<0 atau x<2 Artinya, fungsi f terdefinisi jika x≥2 Dengan demikian, 𝐷𝑓 = [2, ∞)= 𝑥 𝑥 ≥ 2, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 Untuk 𝑥 ≥ 2, diperoleh 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 Sehingga 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 Dengan demikian, 𝑅𝑓 = [0, ∞)= 𝑥 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
  • 9. Contoh : Jika 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥3 − 4, maka Untuk x = 2, f (2) = (2)3-4 = … Untuk x = -1, f (-1)= (-1)3-4 = … Aturan Daerah Asal Daerah Hasil
  • 10. Latihan Soal Untuk f(x) = x2 – 2x, cari dan sederhanakan: a. f(4) b. f(4 + h) c. f(4 + h) – f(4)
  • 11. JENIS FUNGSI: Jenis Fungsi : Fungsi konstan: f(x) = C, Fungsi linear : f(x) = ax + b Fungsi kuadrat : f(x) = ax2 +bx + c Fungsi eksponensial : f(x) = ex Fungsi logaritma : f(x) = log x
  • 12. FUNGSI KOMPOSISI Diberikan fungsi f(x) dan g(x), komposisi fungsi antara f(x) dan g(x) ditulis (f 𝜊 g)(x) = f(g(x)) Domain dari (f 𝜊 g)(x) adalah himpunan semua bilangan x dengan domain g(x) sehingga g(x) di dalam Df
  • 13. FUNGSI KOMPOSISI Contoh: Jika f(x) = x2–2x dan g(x) = x – 1, tentukan (g o f)(x) dan (f o g)(x)
  • 14. GRAFIK FUNGSI Cara menggambar grafik fungsi yang baik adalah dengan membuat tabel nilai-nilai sehingga diperoleh pasangan nilai dari peubah fungsi yang mewakili suatu titik. Untuk menggambar garis lurus diperlukan dua titik, untuk menggambar fungsi kuadrat minimal dibutuhkan tiga titik.Misal, gambar grafik fungsi f(x)=x+1 sebagai berikut.
  • 15. Fungsi Konstan Definisi f : x C dengan C konstan disebut fungsi konstan (tetap). Fungsi f mengawankan setiap bilangan real dengan C. Contoh 4.6 Fungsi f(x) = 3
  • 16. Fungsi Linear Definisi Fungsi pada bilangan real yang didefinisikan f(x) = ax + b, a dan b konstan dengan a ≠ 0 Contoh 4.7 Gambarlah grafik fungsi y = 2x + 3
  • 17. Dengan menentukan titik-titik potong dengan sumbu-x dan sumbu-y y = 2x + 3 Titik potong grafik dengan sumbu-x : y = 0 : 0 = 2x + 3 -2x = 3 x = - 3 2 sehingga titik potong grafik dengan sumbu x adalah − 3 2 , 0 Titik potong grafik dengan sumbu-y : X = 0 : y = 2x + 3 y = 2.0 + 3 y = 0 + 3 y = 3 Sehingga titik potong grafik dengan sumbu-y adalah (0,3)
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. Fungsi Kuadrat Definisi Bentuk umum fungsi kuadrat adalah y = ax2+bx+c dengan a, b, c ∈ R dan a≠0 Grafik fungsi kuadrat juga sering disebut fungsi parabola. Jika a > 0, parabola terbuka ke atas sehingga mempunyai titik balik minimum, dan jika a < 0 parabola terbuka ke bawah sehingga mempunyai titik balik maksimum.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. OPERASI FUNGSI Jika f dan g dua fungsi maka jumlah f + g, selisih f – g, hasil kali fg, hasil bagi f/g dan perpangkatan fn adalah fungsi-fungsi dengan daerah asal berupa irisan dari daerah asal f dan daerah asal g, dan dirumuskan sebagai berikut. (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) (f – g)(x) = f (x) – g(x) (f x g)(x) = f (x) x g(x) (f / g)(x) = f (x) / g(x) asalkan g(x) ≠ 0
  • 25. TUGAS 1. Untuk f(x) = x2+x dan g(x) = 2(x+1), carilah: a. (f + g)(2) b. (f - g)(2) c. (f /g)(1) d. (f∘g)(1) e. (g∘f)(1)
  • 27.
  • 28. Pertemuan Selanjutnya :  Limit fungsi di satu titik  Teorema Limit