This document discusses personality from a dispositional or trait perspective. It covers major themes like the stability of personality, individual differences in traits, and the debate around whether personality or situations have a greater influence on behavior. Several major theories of traits are examined, including types, the Big Five model, and interactionism between traits and situations. Both strengths and limitations of the dispositional approach are considered.

3. 1. Themes & assumptions 1. Stable 2. Individual differences 3. Types vs. traits 4. Personality vs. situation

11. Ancient Greek Humors Irritable Depressed Optimistic Calm

13. Personality Types - Somatotypes

15. 2. Personality Traits

35. Traits: The Big Five Trait Dimension Description Neuroticism Calm versus anxious (Emotional Stability) Secure versus insecure Self-satisfied versus self-pitying Extraversion Sociable versus retiring Fun-loving versus sober Affectionate versus reserved Openness Imaginative versus practical Preference for variety versus preference for routine Independent versus conforming Agreeableness Soft-hearted versus ruthless Trusting versus suspicious Helpful versus uncooperative Conscientiousness Organized versus disorganized Careful versus careless Disciplined versus impulsive

36. Deliberation Tender-mindedness Values Positive emotion Vulnerability Self-discipline Modesty Ideas Excitement seeking Impulsiveness Achievement striving Compliance Actions Activity Self-consciousness Dutifulness Altruism Feelings Assertiveness Depression Order Straightforward-ness Aesthetics Gregariousness Angry hostility Competence Trust Fantasy Warmth Anxiety C A O E N

37. Peabody & Goldberg (1989)‏ Costa & McCrae (1985)‏ Digman (1990)‏ Orgatta (1964)‏ Norman (1963)‏ Fiske (1949)‏ 6 (Authors)‏ WORK LOVE INTELLECT POWER AFFECT Conscientious-ness Agreeableness Openness to experience Extraversion Neuroticism Will to achieve Friendly compliance Intellect Extraversion Neuroticism Responsibility Likeability Intelligence Assertiveness Emotionality Conscientious-ness Agreeableness Culture Surgency Emotionality Will to achieve Conformity Inquiring intellect Social adaptability Emotional control 5 4 3 2 1

40. 4. Situation vs. Personality Debate

44. 5. Interactionism

47. 6. Critique of Dispositional Perspectives