The document discusses the evolution and processes of municipal periodic planning in Nepal. It provides background on the historical roots of town planning from the industrial revolution. It then outlines the early responses to town planning issues from physical planning approaches in Britain and the US. The evolution of physical planning approaches in Nepal from 1969 onwards is described. Key aspects of municipal periodic plans in Nepal include their contents, nature, planning process, methods of preparation, limitations, and future directions. Periodic plans offer a holistic view of municipal development compared to physical plans alone.

1. Municipal Periodic Plan (MPP):
in Nepalese Context
(evolution, practice and processes)

2. Historical root of town planning:
industrial revolution
Filthy sanitary condition
Congestion
Crowded housing
Disease and high mortality
Poverty
Crime

3. Early responses
Physical Planning as means to social reform
British Planning
Comprehensive town planning (1840s)
Garden Cities of Tomorrow (Howard, 1898)
Urban Containment- Green belt and new towns (1955)
Long-term Development Plan (1955)
American Planning
Master or General Plan and Zoning (1928)

4. Alternative planning concept
Evolved from the criticism of fixed and detailed master plan
system approach (1969) (interconnected "whole" at dynamic
state and change) led to the broader structure plan—
consisting of economic and social plans
"planning is also political"—the view implied democratic
process emphasizing public participation in decision-making
led to "participatory planning"
"Plan making and problem of implementation are inseparable
parts"—the view led to "action planning"—fusion of planning
and action

5. Evolution of Physical Planning in Nepal
1969: Physical Development Plan of the Kathmandu Valley
1985: Greater Kathmandu
1988: Structure Plan of the Municipalities
1991: Kathmandu Valley Urban Dev Plans and Programs1991: Kathmandu Valley Urban Dev Plans and Programs
1993: Integrated Action Planning of the Municipalities
1993: Kathmandu Valley Urban Road Development
2002: Development Plan 2020 of the Kathmandu Valley
2002: City Development Strategy of the KMC

6. Resource Map
Social Services of the Kathmandu Valley (1969)

7. Land Use
Kathmandu and Patan (1969)

8. Proposed Land Use
Kathmandu and Patan (1969)

9. Sectoral Master Plan
Road (JICA, 1993)

10. Long-term Development Framework
Kathmandu Valley (2002)

11. S.
N
Projects Year 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5
Municip
ality
Town
Dev.
Fund
People's
Participation
Other
Agencies
Total
1 Surface
drain
2 Road
Multi Sectoral Investment Plan
(IAP, 1993)
2 Road
3 Drinking
Water
4 Soil Eros.
Control
5 Electricity
6 .........
7 ..........

12. Planning approaches
Contents Master Plan Integrated Action Plan
Plan Content Vision, Goals, Policy,
Maps-urban form
Maps-growth areas,
investment plan
Nature of plan Comprehensive Strategic & incrementalNature of plan Comprehensive Strategic & incremental
Planning
process
Rational-technocratic/
goal seeking
Participatory-need
matching
Data collection
& analysis
Extensive and lengthy Rapid and short
Planning
horizon
Long-range Short-range
Link to No link to resource and Link to resource and

13. Features of Municipal Periodic Plan:
Hybrid Plan
Plan Content Vision, goal, policy, map-growth
plan, investment plan
Nature of plan Comprehensive
Planning process Rational & participatory
Data collection & analysis Extensive
Planning horizon Short-range
Link to implementation Link to resource, program, &
performance indicators

14. Threat
Desire for comprehensiveness
Coverage and detailing — Problem of data collection,
integrating plan elements, “activity” prioritization
“Blindness” syndrome“Blindness” syndrome
Overriding problems supersede all
"Vision" biasedness
Policies become guided by the future than the
present

15. Conclusion
Periodic plan (-ning) appears to be a reasonable planning option for
the municipalities. Because, it allows more scope for dealing with
social and economic issues.social and economic issues.
However, is that its usefulness may increase only if the
municipalities balance pragmatism and action along the path to
vision.

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17. How it is prepared?
(methods/process of plan preparation)(methods/process of plan preparation)

18. Legal provisions
• LSGA and Regulations
• Periodic Plan Preparation Guidelines of 2002 (MLD)

19. Methods of plan preparation
Three phases
–Pre-plan preparation
–Plan preparation–Plan preparation
–Post-plan preparation

20. Methods: Pre-plan preparation
Awareness through consultations, orientations, and
correspondence
Municipal request
Commitment from the Municipality on matching fund
Departmental sanction for the annual programs
Consultant procurement

21. Municipal
Vision
National/Regional/District
level Plan/Policies/Vision
• Potentiality of place/location
• Comparative advantages of
place/location
Steering Committee
(local bodies/ward
offices/agencies/
civil society/ NGOs/
political parties/ leaders/
intellectuals/ prominent
citizens/ planning team)
Sectoral Sub-Committees
Sectoral Goals
Primary Development
Sectors
Sectoral Analysis
• Municipal profile
• Municipal performance
for the last 5 years
(program and budget)
• Problem analysis
• SWOT analysis
• Indicator setting/
verifying means/
information source/and
risk identification
Sectoral Objectives
and Outputs
Planning Team
Program identification and
prioritization
• Municipality/Board
• Physical Plan
Community problems
Meeting and site visit
• Citizens
• Ward office
• NGOs/CBOs/TLOs
Municipal level
Ward level
Completion and Submission of
Periodic Plan
Approval and Adoption
Plan implementation
(through annual programs)
Monitoring and Evaluation Plan Preparation Flow Chart

22. Methods: Plan-Preparation
Formation of steering committee, and sub-committees
Interactive vision driven "indicator" based planning using Logical
Framework Approach (LFA)
Ward meetings and gatheringsWard meetings and gatherings
Problem identification and prioritization
Physical planning
specialized analysis and input

23. Limitations in the methods
• Time consuming — in seeking consensus among stakeholders
• Unavailability of municipal data
• Relevance of LFA — difficult to practice
• Consultants' effectiveness — in interactive planning

24. Future direction
Periodic plan offers holistic view of municipal development, which
physical plan alone does not provide
Methods require refining to cope with the ground realities
Periodic plan must be basis for municipal development and
investmentinvestment
More effort is required for adoption by all the municipalities

25. VISION
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36. NATIONAL VISION
Prosperous, Modern and Just Nepal

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50. Proposed Extension of Air
Port (29.41 ha)
Prop. Land Fill Site
(indicative)
Prop. Mix Residential Area
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Prop. Dry Port (63.97 ha)
Industrial Area to be
converted in to
Industrial historical
Museum in future
Prop. Ring Road
Proposed Special Economic
Zone (90.95 ha)