TOWN PLANNING

1. SURVEYSHINDU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
URBAN & REGIONAL
PLANNING
SEMESTER – 8TH
Submitted by :
Arpan 13025006002
Vinayak 13025006040

2. Contents
 Necessity
 Collection of data
 Types of Survey – Regional Survey and Town Survey
 Surveying Techniques
 Selection of Samples
 Types of Samples & Errors in Surveying

3. General
Carried out by looking for informations already
recorded by investigators and authorities and
by original field works on the spot
The chief subjects of surveys are as follows :
• The people, their interests and occupations and
how they follow them; and
• The land and buildings and how they serve
there interests
Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala
Survey
• General
• Necessity
• Collection of data
• Types of Survey
• Surveying
Techniques
• Selection of
Samples
• Types of Samples
& Errors

4. Necessity
The two main advantages of a fully documented
survey as follows :
1. The survey helps to find the relationship
between complicated activities of a town life.
2. It helps to give solution towards the local
requirements.
The role played by survey in the science of town
planning is as follows :
1. To evaluate the effects of development
2. To present detailed reasoned reports;
3. To study the situation objectively and
factually
Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala
Survey
• General
• Necessity
• Collection of data
• Types of Survey
• Surveying
Techniques
• Selection of
Samples
• Types of Samples
& Errors

5. The following four surveys are carried out to collect
data
I. Functional survey
II. Social survey
III. Territorial survey
IV. Vital survey
Collection of data
Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala
Survey
• General
• Necessity
• Collection of data
• Types of Survey
• Surveying
Techniques
• Selection of
Samples
• Types of Samples
& Errors

6. Functional survey
The functional aspects of town life are studied.
The items included are
• means of communication
• conditions of industry
Types of information collected in functional survey
1. Roads- History, Road width, Traffic survey and tree
planting.
2. Railways- positions of level crossing, passenger stations
and goods sheds.
3. Air ports and sea ports
4. Waterways and canals
5. Local industries- availability of raw materials and type of
labour employed.
6. Mines and their location
7. Probable cost of the scheme.
Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala
Survey
• General
• Necessity
• Collection of data
• Types of Survey
• Surveying
Techniques
• Selection of
Samples
• Types of Samples
& Errors

7. Social aspects of the Town- history, architecture,
health, housing
 Types of information collected :
1. Ancient ruins of historical building
2. Architectural character
3. History of growth
4. Preservation of wild life
5. Parks and play grounds
6. Public services- water supply, sewerage, electricity,
telephones, street lighting.
Social survey
Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala
Survey
• General
• Necessity
• Collection of data
• Types of Survey
• Surveying
Techniques
• Selection of
Samples
• Types of Samples
& Errors

8. Physical features, agricultural soil, forests, climatic
conditions are studied
1. Geology
2. Contours of land
3. Rivers, oceans and lakes
4. Climatic conditions
5. Forest and other natural vegetation
Territorial survey
Vital survey
The population aspects.
1. History of the past growth of population
2. Density of population
Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala
Survey
• General
• Necessity
• Collection of data
• Types of Survey
• Surveying
Techniques
• Selection of
Samples
• Types of Samples
& Errors

9. Types of survey
• done over a region dealing with
 PHYSICAL FACTORS like
topography, physically difficult
land, geology, landscape etc.
 PHYSICAL ECONOMIC
FACTORS like agricultural
value of the land, mineral
resources and water gathering
lands, areas with public
services, transportation
linkages etc.
 SOCIAL ECONOMIC
FACTORS like areas of
influence of towns and
villages, employment,
population changes etc
Regional Town surveys
done at much small scale and
apart from the above data
collected from the regional
surveys it also includes
• LANDUSE SURVEYS
• DENSITY SURVEYS
• SURVEYS FOR THE
AGE AND CONDITION
OF THE BUILDINGS
• TRAFFIC SURVEYS
• OTHER SOCIAL
SURVEYS
Source :- Textbook of Town Planning by Abir Bandyopadhyay
Survey
• General
• Necessity
• Collection of data
• Types of Survey
• Surveying
Techniques
• Selection of
Samples
• Types of Samples
& Errors

10. Surveying Techniques
• SELF SURVEYS - mailing questionnaires to the persons to
be surveyed
• INTERVIEWS - by asking questions to the people to be surveyed
• DIRECT INSPECTION - when the surveyor himself inspects the
situations concerned
• OBSERVERS PARTICIPATION - when the observer himself
participate in acquiring the data required
• NOMINAL where there is no ordering, like asking of sex, age,
employment in any particular service etc.
• ORDINAL where there is a specific order of choices like asking
of priorities, housing conditions, climate etc.
• INTERVAL where an interval of time is given importance like time
taken to shift from LIG housing to MIG housing, time interval to
change from two wheelers to four wheelers etc. this provides
an yardstick of measurements
Scales For Structuring Questionnaires
Source :- Textbook of Town Planning by Abir Bandyopadhyay
Survey
• General
• Necessity
• Collection of data
• Types of Survey
• Surveying
Techniques
• Selection of
Samples
• Types of Samples
& Errors

11. Selection of Samples
• For conducting surveys, it is not always possible to ask each
and every person about his or her opinion. Hence, certain
numbers of persons are selected for conducting the surveys
and the selected persons are known as ‘samples’ of
surveying. The selection of the number of samples is of utmost
importance. The basic rules for selection of sample size are as
follows:
Source :- Textbook of Town Planning by Abir Bandyopadhyay
• More disastrous the results of poor information, larger
sample size is required.
• The more varied the expected responses, larger
sample size is required
• Larger the total population, smaller the percentage of the
population are required to be surveyed.
 Sample Size – number of persons selected for conducting
the survey
 Sample – persons that are included in the survey
Survey
• General
• Necessity
• Collection of data
• Types of Survey
• Surveying
Techniques
• Selection of
Samples
• Types of Samples
& Errors

12. Survey
• General
• Necessity
• Collection of data
• Types of Survey
• Surveying
Techniques
• Selection of
Samples
• Types of Samples
& Errors
Source :- Textbook of Town Planning by Abir Bandyopadhyay
• SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING - selecting samples at random
without any criteria to select the samples.
• SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING -selection of the Kth element along a
particular street, where k can be any number.
• STRATIFIED SAMPLING - making of a homogenous listing of the
different sects of the population and collecting a certain
percentage at random from each sect
• CLUSTERED SAMPLING - when samples are selected from
clusters and not from a homogeneous listing
TYPES OF SAMPLES
Getting biased, having errors in measurements, not getting any
direct answer are the major errors done in surveys. Thus
questionnaires should be framed in such a way so that all the
answers received are properly checked. Pilot surveys should also
be conducted to check forgery and bias.
ERRORS IN SURVEYING